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News And The Dollar Yen Exchange Rate 1931 1933
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Book Synopsis News and the Dollar/yen Exchange Rate, 1931-1933 by : Takatoshi Itō
Download or read book News and the Dollar/yen Exchange Rate, 1931-1933 written by Takatoshi Itō and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the efficient market hypothesis, news in Tokyo is responsible for the exchange rate changes during the Tokyo market hours, while the U.S. news is responsible for changes in the New York hours. The intra-daily dynamics of the $/yen exchange rate from December 1931 to November 1933 is analyzed. Japan's decision to go off gold in December 1931 depreciated yen by 30% in a month, mostly in the Tokyo market. During 1932, the yen depreciated another 30%, mainly due to Japan's aggression in China and resulting diplomatic isolation. In 1933, the yen appreciated against the dollar, mainly in the New York market, due to the U.S. decision to go off gold. However, exchange rate volatility and its sensitivity to news declined over the two year period, because of increasing capital controls. Changes in the interest rate differential was found insignificant for the changes in the exchange rate. Political regime changes, such as a decision to go off gold, most influenced the exchange rate for the period considered. There were no policy decisions by Japan to cause yen depreciation to promote export and limit import in 1931-33.
Book Synopsis News and the dollar/yen exchange rate, 1931-1933 by : Takatoshi Ito
Download or read book News and the dollar/yen exchange rate, 1931-1933 written by Takatoshi Ito and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book News and the Dollar written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Global Impact of the Great Depression 1929-1939 by : Dietmar Rothermund
Download or read book The Global Impact of the Great Depression 1929-1939 written by Dietmar Rothermund and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-11-01 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study broadens the conventional focus of the Great Depression to include its impact on the countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. It covers the economic background and causes, from the international gold standard to agricultural over-production in the US. Other areas discussed include: the impact on the peasantry in developing countries; the political consequences, such as fascism in Europe; and the aftermath and the re-alignment of America, Europe and its colonies. Key areas, such as Keynesian theory, are explained in accessible terms.
Book Synopsis The Interwar Economy of Japan by : Michael Smitka
Download or read book The Interwar Economy of Japan written by Michael Smitka and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1998 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume traces the modern critical and performance history of this play, one of Shakespeare's most-loved and most-performed comedies. The essay focus on such modern concerns as feminism, deconstruction, textual theory, and queer theory.
Book Synopsis Appeasing Bankers by : Jonathan Kirshner
Download or read book Appeasing Bankers written by Jonathan Kirshner and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Appeasing Bankers, Jonathan Kirshner shows that bankers dread war--an aversion rooted in pragmatism, not idealism. "Sound money, not war" is hardly a pacifist rallying cry. The financial world values economic stability above all else, and crises and war threaten that stability. States that pursue appeasement when assertiveness--or even conflict--is warranted, Kirshner demonstrates, are often appeasing their own bankers. And these realities are increasingly shaping state strategy in a world of global financial markets. Yet the role of these financial preferences in world politics has been widely misunderstood and underappreciated. Liberal scholars have tended to lump finance together with other commercial groups; theorists of imperialism (including, most famously, Lenin) have misunderstood the preferences of finance; and realist scholars have failed to appreciate how the national interest, and proposals to advance it, are debated and contested by actors within societies. Finance's interest in peace is both pronounced and predictable, regardless of time or place. Bankers, Kirshner shows, have even opposed assertive foreign policies when caution seems to go against their nation's interest (as in interwar France) or their own long-term political interest (as during the Falklands crisis, when British bankers failed to support their ally Margaret Thatcher). Examining these and other cases, including the Spanish-American War, interwar Japan, and the United States during the Cold War, Appeasing Bankers shows that, when faced with the prospect of war or international political crisis, national financial communities favor caution and demonstrate a marked aversion to war.
Book Synopsis Trade Policy Disaster by : Douglas A. Irwin
Download or read book Trade Policy Disaster written by Douglas A. Irwin and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-10-21 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extreme protectionism that contributed to a collapse of world trade in the 1930s is examined in light of the recent economic crisis. The recent economic crisis—with the plunge in the stock market, numerous bank failures and widespread financial distress, declining output and rising unemployment—has been reminiscent of the Great Depression. The Depression of the 1930s was marked by the spread of protectionist trade policies, which contributed to a collapse in world trade. Although policymakers today claim that they will resist the protectionist temptation, recessions are breeding grounds for economic nationalism, and countries may yet consider imposing higher trade barriers. In Trade Policy Disaster, Douglas Irwin examines what we know about trade policy during the traumatic decade of the 1930s and considers what we can learn from the policy missteps of the time. Irwin argues that the extreme protectionism of the 1930s emerged as a consequence of policymakers' reluctance to abandon the gold standard and allow their currencies to depreciate. By ruling out exchange rate changes as an adjustment mechanism, policymakers turned instead to higher tariffs and other means of restricting imports. He offers a clear and concise exposition of such topics as the effect of higher trade barriers on the implosion of world trade; the impact of the Smoot-Hawley tariff of 1930; the reasons some countries adopted draconian trade restrictions (including exchange controls and import quotas) but others did not; the effect of preferential trade arrangements and bilateral clearing agreements on the multilateral system of world trade; and lessons for avoiding future trade wars.
Download or read book Lever of Empire written by Mark Metzler and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2006-03-13 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Lever of Empire is an engrossing page turner—I simply could not put it down until I had finished it. This is an important subject, and one that has not been given adequate attention in Western scholarship on Japan until now. Metzler has done thorough research, and has woven these materials together into an elegantly written whole. The result is an outstanding book."—Richard J. Smethurst, author of A Social Basis for Prewar Japanese Militarism: The Army and the Rural Community
Book Synopsis Collapsing Exchange Rate Regimes by : Linda S. Goldberg
Download or read book Collapsing Exchange Rate Regimes written by Linda S. Goldberg and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patterns in domestic credit creation stemming from inconsistent fiscal policies have received widespread attention for aggravating speculative attacks on central bank foreign exchange reserves and contributing to the collapse of exchange rate regimes. This paper acknowledges the importance of monetary and fiscal discipline, but also emphasizes the importance of other random shocks to the domestic money market, most notably shocks from external credit supplies and relative prices. Policies of the domestic fiscal authorities are only partial catalysts for speculative attacks on a currency. Expansion of domestic credit stemming from the monetization of fiscal imbalances may be dominated by involuntary domestic credit expansions necessitated by surprise shortages in supplies of external capital. Further, the unexpected availability of external capital translates into a lower net critical reserve floor, making the depletion of central bank reserves by a speculative attack more difficult to accomplish. Also of considerable importance are relative price shocks which directly influence the probability of collapse by randomizing the demand for nominal money balances. Empirical studies of exchange rate crises that neglect these considerations will produce biased estimates of both expected collapse probabilities and anticipated post-collapse exchange rates.
Book Synopsis The Founding of the Fed and the Destabilization of the Post-1914 Economy by : Jeffrey A. Miron
Download or read book The Founding of the Fed and the Destabilization of the Post-1914 Economy written by Jeffrey A. Miron and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A standard assumption in the literature on optimal monetary policy is that the proper goal of policy is the reduction of the variation in output around its natural rate level. The stabilization of output has not always been accepted as the primary goal of policy, however. This paper argues that neither the founders of the Federal Reserve System nor the central bankers in charge during the first twenty-five years of the Fed's existence viewed the elimination of short term movements in output as an important objective for policy. Instead, the framers of the Federal Reserve System and the early practitioners of central banking in the United States apparently thought that "stabilization" of asset markets was the crucial task for the monetary authority. The paper compares the performance of the United States economy during the twenty-five year periods before and after 1914 and shows that after the founding of the Fed the variance of both the rate of growth of output and of the inflation rate increased significantly, while the average rate of growth of output fell, and real stock prices became substantially more volatile. The remainder of the paper then suggests that the deterioration in the performance of the economy after 1914 can be attributed directly to the actions of the Fed
Book Synopsis Real and Monetary Determinants of Real Exchange Rate Behavior by : Sebastian Edwards
Download or read book Real and Monetary Determinants of Real Exchange Rate Behavior written by Sebastian Edwards and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a dynamic model of real exchange rate behavior in developing countries. A three goods economy (exportables, importables and nontradables) is considered. Residents of this country hold domestic and foreign assets, and there is a dual exchange rate regime. There is a government that consumes importables and nontradables. A distinction is made between equilibrium and disequilibrium movements of the RER. The determinants of real exchange rate misalignment are studied with emphasis placed on the role of devaluations and balance of payments crisis. The implications of the model are tested using data for 12 developing countries. The results obtained are generally favorable for the model. The issue of RER stationarity is also analyzed.
Book Synopsis Bank of Japan Monetary and Economic Studies by :
Download or read book Bank of Japan Monetary and Economic Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Industrialization and the Big Push by : Kevin M. Murphy
Download or read book Industrialization and the Big Push written by Kevin M. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores Rosenstein-Rodman's (1943) idea that simultaneous industrialization of many sectors of the economy can be profitable for all of them, even when no sector can break even industrializing alone. We analyze this ides in the context of an imperfectly competitive economy with aggregate demand spillovers, and interpret the big push into industrialization as a move from a bad to a good equilibrium. We show that for two equilibria to exist, it must be the case that an industrializing firm raises the demand for products of other sectors through channels other than the contribution of its own profits to demand. For example, a firm paying high factory wages raises demand in other manufacturing sectors even if it loses money. In a similar vein, a firm investing today in order to produce at low cost tomorrow shifts income and hence demand for other goods into the future and so makes it more attractive for other firms also to invest today. Finally, an investing firm can benefit firms in other sectors if it uses a railroad or other shared infrastructure, and hence helps to defray the fixed cost of building the railroad. All these transmission mechanisms that help generate the big push seem to be of some relevance for less developed countries.
Book Synopsis NBER Reporter by : National Bureau of Economic Research
Download or read book NBER Reporter written by National Bureau of Economic Research and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Survival of Noise Traders in Financial Markets by : J. Bradford De Long
Download or read book The Survival of Noise Traders in Financial Markets written by J. Bradford De Long and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use the revised estimates of U.S. GNP constructed by Christina Romer (1989) to assess the time-series properties of U.S. output per capita over the past century. We reject at conventional significance levels the null that output is a random walk in favor of the alternative that output is a stationary autoregressive process about a linear deterministic trend. The difference between the lack of persistence of output shocks either before WWII or over the entire century, on the one hand, and the strong signs of persistence of output shocks found by Campbell and Mankiw (1987) and by Nelson and Plosser (1982) for more recent periods is striking. It suggests to us a Keynesian interpretation of the large unit root in post-WWII U.S. output: perhaps post-WWII output shocks appear persistent because automatic stabilizers and other demand-management policies have substantially damped the transitory fluctuations that made up the pre-WWH Bums-Mitchell business cycle.
Download or read book Monetary and Economic Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investor Behavior in the October 1987 Stock Market Crash by : Robert J. Shiller
Download or read book Investor Behavior in the October 1987 Stock Market Crash written by Robert J. Shiller and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a questionnaire survey we asked Japanese institutional investors to recall what they thought and did during the worldwide stock market crash in October, 1987. The results confirm that the drop in U. S. stock prices was the primary factor on their minds, and other news stories in the United States dominated Japanese news stories. A comparison with an earlier survey of U. 5. institutional investors at the time of the crash (Shiller [1987])shows a remarkable similarity between Japanese and U. S. institutional investors in a number of attitudinal and behavioral dimensions. The results suggest that events in the United States were the proximate cause of the crash in Japan, but that the transmission mechanism of the crash was very similar in both countries.
