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New Mechanisms In Transcription Regulation And Chromosome Organization In Caulobacter Crescentus
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Book Synopsis New Mechanisms in Transcription Regulation and Chromosome Organization in Caulobacter Crescentus by : Diane Laure Haakonsen
Download or read book New Mechanisms in Transcription Regulation and Chromosome Organization in Caulobacter Crescentus written by Diane Laure Haakonsen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacteria use a variety of mechanisms to control transcription in response to environmental cues or growth conditions. Activation or repression of transcription is often carried out by proteins, called transcription factors, that interact with DNA or RNA polymerase (RNAP) or both, and can change the preference of RNAP for target promoters. Additionally, DNA is tightly compacted and organized inside cells. In bacteria, nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) play critical roles in shaping and compacting the chromosome by bending, wrapping and bridging the DNA. The binding of these proteins can also profoundly affect gene expression regulation. In this work, I have characterized two DNA-binding proteins from the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus; one transcription factor, GcrA, and one NAP, CnpA. First, I found that GcrA, an essential cell-cycle regulator in Caulobacter, activates transcription by a new mechanism. Unlike most transcription factors that bind to promoters independently of RNAP, GcrA constitutively associates with RNAP via an interaction with Domain 2 of Y70, the primary sigma factor. I showed that GcrA recognizes a subset of methylation sites and can promote binding of RNAP and increase the rate of open complex formation at promoters harboring such sites. Understanding the mechanism by which GcrA activates transcription enabled the identification of its direct regulon and provided important insights into its essential cell-cycle function. For my second project, I identified a new nucleoid-associated protein (NAP), CnpA, in Caulobacter, via mass-spectrometry analysis of its nucleoid content. I showed that CnpA associates with AT-rich DNA but unlike other NAPs, likely does not repress transcription at these loci. We propose a model in which CnpA impacts global supercoiling levels. In sum, these two projects have contributed to expanding our views of how gene expression and chromosome organization are regulated in bacteria.
Book Synopsis Prokaryotic Cytoskeletons by : Jan Löwe
Download or read book Prokaryotic Cytoskeletons written by Jan Löwe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the structures and functions of active protein filaments, found in bacteria and archaea, and now known to perform crucial roles in cell division and intra-cellular motility, as well as being essential for controlling cell shape and growth. These roles are possible because the cytoskeletal and cytomotive filaments provide long range order from small subunits. Studies of these filaments are therefore of central importance to understanding prokaryotic cell biology. The wide variation in subunit and polymer structure and its relationship with the range of functions also provide important insights into cell evolution, including the emergence of eukaryotic cells. Individual chapters, written by leading researchers, review the great advances made in the past 20-25 years, and still ongoing, to discover the architectures, dynamics and roles of filaments found in relevant model organisms. Others describe one of the families of dynamic filaments found in many species. The most common types of filament are deeply related to eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins, notably actin and tubulin that polymerise and depolymerise under the control of nucleotide hydrolysis. Related systems are found to perform a variety of roles, depending on the organisms. Surprisingly, prokaryotes all lack the molecular motors associated with eukaryotic F-actin and microtubules. Archaea, but not bacteria, also have active filaments related to the eukaryotic ESCRT system. Non-dynamic fibres, including intermediate filament-like structures, are known to occur in some bacteria.. Details of known filament structures are discussed and related to what has been established about their molecular mechanisms, including current controversies. The final chapter covers the use of some of these dynamic filaments in Systems Biology research. The level of information in all chapters is suitable both for active researchers and for advanced students in courses involving bacterial or archaeal physiology, molecular microbiology, structural cell biology, molecular motility or evolution. Chapter 3 of this book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Book Synopsis Two-component Signal Transduction by : James A. Hoch
Download or read book Two-component Signal Transduction written by James A. Hoch and published by Amer Society for Microbiology. This book was released on 1995 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human enteroviruses, particularly the polio viruses, have had a significant role in the history of medicine and microbiology; and continue to cause clinical problems, as well as provide targets for molecular investigation. This book offers a link between the basic science and clinical medicine.
Book Synopsis Hi-C Data Analysis by : Silvio Bicciato
Download or read book Hi-C Data Analysis written by Silvio Bicciato and published by Humana. This book was released on 2022-09-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume details a comprehensive set of methods and tools for Hi-C data processing, analysis, and interpretation. Chapters cover applications of Hi-C to address a variety of biological problems, with a specific focus on state-of-the-art computational procedures adopted for the data analysis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Hi-C Data Analysis: Methods and Protocols aims to help computational and molecular biologists working in the field of chromatin 3D architecture and transcription regulation.
Book Synopsis The Cell Cycle and Development by : Gregory R. Bock
Download or read book The Cell Cycle and Development written by Gregory R. Bock and published by John Wiley and Sons. This book was released on 2001-06-29 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together scientists working at the interface between the cell cycle, cell growth and development in a variety of model systems and research paradigms. The focus is on understanding how such diverse developmental inputs can modulate cell cycle regulation and, reciprocally, how a common way of regulating cell cycle progression can participate in different developmental strategies.
Book Synopsis Cell Biology of Bacteria by : Lucy Shapiro
Download or read book Cell Biology of Bacteria written by Lucy Shapiro and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Often thought to lack signifucant internal organization by comparison with eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes have in face been shown to possess distinct intracellular compartments. The book covers all aspects of prokaryotic cell biology, including the bacterial cytoskeleton, membrance organization, chromosome dynamics, nucleic acid processing and dynamics, as well as various methods.
Book Synopsis Bacterial Chromatin by : Remus T. Dame
Download or read book Bacterial Chromatin written by Remus T. Dame and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regulation of Gene Expression by Small RNAs by : Rajesh K. Gaur
Download or read book Regulation of Gene Expression by Small RNAs written by Rajesh K. Gaur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-04-27 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Findings Revolutionize Concepts of Gene FunctionEndogenous small RNAs have been found in various organisms, including humans, mice, flies, worms, fungi, and bacteria. Furthermore, it's been shown that microRNAs acting as cellular rheostats have the ability to modulate gene expression. In higher eukaryotes, microRNAs may regulate as much as 50 p
Book Synopsis Long-Range Control of Gene Expression by : Veronica van Heyningen
Download or read book Long-Range Control of Gene Expression written by Veronica van Heyningen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-09-02 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long-Range Control of Gene Expression covers the current progress in understanding the mechanisms for genomic control of gene expression, which has grown considerably in the last few years as insight into genome organization and chromatin regulation has advanced. Discusses the evolution of cis-regulatory sequences in drosophila Includes information on genomic imprinting and imprinting defects in humans Includes a chapter on epigenetic gene regulation in cancer
Book Synopsis Escherichia Coli and Salmonella by : Frederick C. Neidhardt
Download or read book Escherichia Coli and Salmonella written by Frederick C. Neidhardt and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 2822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the long–awaited second edition of an invaluable classic! Escherichia coli occupies a central role in contemporary molecular biology. It is the unicellular organism about which most is known – all molecular and cellular biologists will want a copy of this book. In 154 chapters, 250 expert authors and editors present the state of the art. Completely rewritten and restructured, the second edition offers a whole new approach to the subject.
Book Synopsis Comparative Ecology of Microorganisms and Macroorganisms by : John H. Andrews
Download or read book Comparative Ecology of Microorganisms and Macroorganisms written by John H. Andrews and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-27 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition textbook offers an expanded conceptual synthesis of microbial ecology with plant and animal ecology. Drawing on examples from the biology of microorganisms and macroorganisms, this textbook provides a much-needed interdisciplinary approach to ecology. The focus is the individual organism and comparisons are made along six axes: genetic variation, nutritional mode, size, growth, life cycle, and influence of the environment. When it was published in 1991, the first edition of Comparative Ecology of Microorganisms and Macroorganisms was unique in its attempt to clearly compare fundamental ecology across the gamut of size. The explosion of molecular biology and the application of its techniques to microbiology and organismal biology have particularly demonstrated the need for interdisciplinary understanding. This updated and expanded edition remains unique. It treats the same topics at greater depth and includes an exhaustive compilation of both the most recent relevant literature in microbial ecology and plant/animal ecology, as well as the early research papers that shaped the concepts and theories discussed. Among the completely updated topics in the book are phylogenetic systematics, search algorithms and optimal foraging theory, comparative metabolism, the origins of life and evolution of multicellularity, and the evolution of life cycles. From Reviews of the First Edition: "John Andrews has succeeded admirably in building a bridge that is accessible to all ecologists." -Ecology "I recommend this book to all ecologists. It is a thoughtful attempt to integrate ideas from, and develop common themes for, two fields of ecology that should not have become fragmented." -American Scientist "Such a synthesis is long past due, and it is shameful that ecologists (both big and little) have been so parochial." -The Quarterly Review of Biology
Download or read book DNA Replication written by Hisao Masai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-22 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the latest trends and future directions of DNA replication research. The contents reflect upon the principles that have been established through the genetic and enzymatic studies of bacterial, viral, and cellular replication during the past decades. The book begins with a historical overview of the studies on eukaryotic DNA replication by Professor Thomas Kelly, a pioneer of the field. The following chapters include genome-wide studies of replication origins and initiation factor binding, as well as the timing of DNA replications, mechanisms of initiation, DNA chain elongation and termination of DNA replication, the structural basis of functions of protein complexes responsible for execution of DNA replication, cell cycle-dependent regulation of DNA replication, the nature of replication stress and cells’ strategy to deal with the stress, and finally how all these phenomena are interconnected to genome instability and development of various diseases. By reviewing the existing concepts ranging from the old principles to the newest ideas, the book gives readers an opportunity to learn how the classical replication principles are now being modified and new concepts are being generated to explain how genome DNA replication is achieved with such high adaptability and plasticity. With the development of new methods including cryoelectron microscopy analyses of huge protein complexes, single molecular analyses of initiation and elongation of DNA replication, and total reconstitution of eukaryotic DNA replication with purified factors, the field is enjoying one of its most exciting moments, and this highly timely book conveys that excitement to all interested readers.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism by : Rani Gupta
Download or read book Fundamentals of Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism written by Rani Gupta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-20 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides useful information on microbial physiology and metabolism. The key aspects covered are prokaryotic diversity, growth physiology, basic metabolic pathways and their regulation, metabolic diversity with details of various unique pathways. Another focus area is stress physiology with details on varying environmental stresses, signal transduction, adaptation and survival. For instructional purposes, the book provides case studies, interesting facts, techniques etc. which help in showcasing the inter-disciplinary nature and bridge the gap between various aspects of applied microbiology.
Book Synopsis RNA Infrastructure and Networks by : Lesley J. Collins
Download or read book RNA Infrastructure and Networks written by Lesley J. Collins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNAs form complexes with proteins and other RNAs. The RNA‐infrastructure represents the spatiotemporal interaction of these proteins and RNAs in a cell‐wide network. RNA Infrastructure and Networks brings together these ideas to illustrate the scope of RNA‐based biology, and how connecting RNA mechanisms is a powerful tool to investigate regulatory pathways. This book is but a taste of the wide range of RNA‐based mechanisms that connect in the RNA infrastructure.
Book Synopsis Cellular Ecophysiology of Microbe by : Tino Krell
Download or read book Cellular Ecophysiology of Microbe written by Tino Krell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-24 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assembles concisely written chapters by world-leaders in the field summarizing recent advances in understanding microbial responses to hydrocarbons. Subjects treated include mechanisms of sensing, hydrocarbon tolerance and degradation as well as an overview on hydrophobic modification of biomolecules. Other chapters are dedicated to issues related to the reduced bioavailability of hydrocarbons, which differentiates this class of compounds form many others, but which of central importance to understand the ecophysiological consequences. This book should be standard literature in any laboratory working in this area.
Book Synopsis Bacterial Physiology by : C. H. Werkman
Download or read book Bacterial Physiology written by C. H. Werkman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacterial Physiology focuses on the physiology and chemistry of microorganisms and the value of bacterial physiology in the other fields of biology. The selection first underscores the chemistry and structure of bacterial cells, including the chemical composition of cells, direct and indirect methods of cytology, vegetative multiplication, spores of bacteria, and cell structure. The text then elaborates on inheritance, variation, and adaptation and growth of bacteria. The publication reviews the physical and chemical factors affecting growth and death. Topics include hydrogen ion concentration and osmotic pressure; surface and other forces determining the distribution of bacteria in their environment; dynamics of disinfection and bacteriostasis; bacterial resistance; and types of antibacterial agents. The text also ponders on the anaerobic dissimilation of carbohydrates, bacterial oxidations, and autotrophic assimilation of carbon dioxide. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in bacterial physiology.
Book Synopsis Agrobacterium: From Biology to Biotechnology by : Tzvi Tzfira
Download or read book Agrobacterium: From Biology to Biotechnology written by Tzvi Tzfira and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-25 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agrobacterium is a plant pathogen which causes the “crown-gall” disease, a neoplastic growth that results from the transfer of a well-defined DNA segment (“transferred DNA”, or “T-DNA”) from the bacterial Ti (tumor-inducing) plasmid to the host cell, its integration into the host genome, and the expression of oncogenes contained on the T-DNA. The molecular machinery, needed for T-DNA generation and transport into the host cell and encoded by a series of chromosomal (chv) and Ti-plasmid virulence (vir) genes, has been the subject of numerous studies over the past several decades. Today, Agrobacterium is the tool of choice for plant genetic engineering with an ever expanding host range that includes many commercially important crops, flowers, and tree species. Furthermore, its recent application for the genetic transformation of non-plant species, from yeast to cultivated mushrooms and even to human cells, promises this bacterium a unique place in the future of biotechnological applications. The book is a comprehensive volume describing Agrobacterium's biology, interactions with host species, and uses for genetic engineering.
