New Lefts

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691220794
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis New Lefts by : Terence Renaud

Download or read book New Lefts written by Terence Renaud and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking history of Europe's "new lefts," from the antifascist 1920s to the anti-establishment 1960s In the 1960s, the radical youth of Western Europe's New Left rebelled against the democratic welfare state and their parents' antiquated politics of reform. It was not the first time an upstart leftist movement was built on the ruins of the old. This book traces the history of neoleftism from its antifascist roots in the first half of the twentieth century, to its postwar reconstruction in the 1950s, to its explosive reinvention by the 1960s counterculture. Terence Renaud demonstrates why the left in Europe underwent a series of internal revolts against the organizational forms of established parties and unions. He describes how small groups of militant youth such as New Beginning in Germany tried to sustain grassroots movements without reproducing the bureaucratic, hierarchical, and supposedly obsolete structures of Social Democracy and Communism. Neoleftist militants experimented with alternative modes of organization such as councils, assemblies, and action committees. However, Renaud reveals that these same militants, decades later, often came to defend the very institutions they had opposed in their youth. Providing vital historical perspective on the challenges confronting leftists today, this book tells the story of generations of antifascists, left socialists, and anti-authoritarians who tried to build radical democratic alternatives to capitalism and kindle hope in reactionary times.

Miriam Hansen

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Publisher : New German Critique
ISBN 13 : 9780822368151
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (681 download)

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Book Synopsis Miriam Hansen by : David Bathrick

Download or read book Miriam Hansen written by David Bathrick and published by New German Critique. This book was released on 2014-07-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue is dedicated to the thought and writing of Miriam Hansen, whose contributions broke ground in film history, film theory, and the politics of mass culture and the public sphere. The collection focuses on the areas in which she was most influential: early cinema, its reception, and the legacy of vernacular modernism, including essays touching on the concept's impact on contemporary thinking about Russian and Chinese cinemas. The issue also features extensive commentary on Hansen's pioneering book Cinema and Experience, expanding on the book's inquiry into the continuing legacy of the Frankfurt School.

Postmetaphysical Thinking II

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0745694934
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Postmetaphysical Thinking II by : Jürgen Habermas

Download or read book Postmetaphysical Thinking II written by Jürgen Habermas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-16 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ‘There is no alternative to postmetaphysical thinking’: this statement, made by Jürgen Habermas in 1988, has lost none of its relevance. Postmetaphysical thinking is, in the first place, the historical answer to the crisis of metaphysics following Hegel, when the central metaphysical figures of thought began to totter under the pressure exerted by social developments and by developments within science. As a result, philosophy’s epistemological privilege was shaken to its core, its basic concepts were de-transcendentalized, and the primacy of theory over practice was opened to question. For good reasons, philosophy ‘lost its extraordinary status’, but as a result it also courted new problems. In Postmetaphysical Thinking II, the sequel to the 1988 volume that bears the same title (English translation, Polity 1992), Habermas addresses some of these problems. The first section of the book deals with the shift in perspective from metaphysical worldviews to the lifeworld, the unarticulated meanings and assumptions that accompany everyday thought and action in the mode of ‘background knowledge’. Habermas analyses the lifeworld as a ‘space of reasons’ – even where language is not (yet) involved, such as, for example, in gestural communication and rituals. In the second section, the uneasy relationship between religion and postmetaphysical thinking takes centre stage. Habermas picks up where he left off in 1988, when he made the far-sighted observation that ‘philosophy, even in its postmetaphysical form, will be able neither to replace nor to repress religion’, and explores philosophy’s new-found interest in religion, among other topics. The final section includes essays on the role of religion in the political context of a post-secular, liberal society. This volume will be of great interest to students and scholars in philosophy, religion and the social sciences and humanities generally.

Critique and Crisis

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262611572
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Critique and Crisis by : Reinhart Koselleck

Download or read book Critique and Crisis written by Reinhart Koselleck and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000-03-13 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critique and Crisis established Reinhart Koselleck's reputation as the most important German intellectual historian of the postwar period. This first English translation of Koselleck's tour de force demonstrates a chronological breadth, a philosophical depth, and an originality which are hardly equalled in any scholarly domain. It is a history of the Enlightenment in miniature, fundamental to our understanding of that period and its consequences. Like Tocqueville, Koselleck views Enlightenment intellectuals as an uprooted, unrealistic group of onlookers who sowed the seeds of the modern political tensions that first flowered in the French Revolution. He argues that it was the split that developed between state and society during the Enlightenment that fostered the emergence of this intellectual elite divorced from the realities of politics. Koselleck describes how this disjunction between political authority proper and its subjects led to private spheres that later became centers of moral authority and, eventually, models for political society that took little or no notice of the constraints under which politicians must inevitably work. In this way progressive bourgeois philosophy, which seemed to offer the promise of a unified and peaceful world, in fact produced just the opposite. The book provides a wealth of examples drawn from all of Europe to illustrate the still relevant message that we evade the constraints and the necessities of the political realm at our own risk. Critique and Crisis is included in the series Studies in Contemporary German Social Thought, edited by Thomas McCarthy.

Staging the Third Reich

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 9781003010692
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Staging the Third Reich by : Anson Rabinbach

Download or read book Staging the Third Reich written by Anson Rabinbach and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Celebrated as an intellectual historian of twentieth-century Europe, Anson Rabinbach is one of the most important scholars of National Socialism working over the last forty years. This volume collects, for the first time, his pathbreaking work on Nazi culture, antifascism, and the after-effects of Nazism on postwar German and European culture. Historically detailed and theoretically sophisticated, his essays span the aesthetics of production, messianic and popular claims, the ethos that Nazism demanded of its adherents, the brilliant and sometimes successful efforts of antifascist intellectuals to counter Hitler's rise, the most significant concepts to emerge out of the 1930s and 1940s for understanding European authoritarianism, the major controversies around Nazism that took place after the regime's demise, the philosophical claims of postwar philosophers, sociologists and psychoanalysts-from Theodor Adorno to Hannah Arendt and from Alexander Kluge to Klaus Theweleit-and the role of Auschwitz in European history."--

The Kindly Ones

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Publisher : McClelland & Stewart
ISBN 13 : 1551993643
Total Pages : 994 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis The Kindly Ones by : Jonathan Littell

Download or read book The Kindly Ones written by Jonathan Littell and published by McClelland & Stewart. This book was released on 2010-03-02 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Oh my human brothers, let me tell you how it happened.” Dr. Max Aue, the man at the heart of Jonathan Littell’s stunning and controversial novel The Kindly Ones, personifies the evils of the Second World War and the Holocaust. Highly educated and cultured, he was an ambitious SS officer, a Nazi and mass murderer who was in the upper echelons of the Third Reich. He tells us of his experience during the war. He was present at Auschwitz and Babi Yar, witnessed the battle of Stalingrad, and survived the fall of Berlin — receiving a medal from Hitler personally in the last days of Nazi Germany. Long after the war, he is living a comfortable bourgeois life in France, married with two children, managing a lace factory. And now, having evaded justice, he speaks out, giving a precise and accurate record of his life. The tone of his account is detached, lapidary, and for the most part unrepentant, whether he is describing his participation in mass murder on the Eastern Front, his bureaucratic investigations of labour productivity in the death camps, his casual murder of civilians as he tries to break through Russian lines towards the end of the war, or his fervid and convoluted relationship with his twin sister. Over its course, by entwining Aue’s life with those of historical figures such as Eichmann and Speer, Himmler and indeed Hitler, The Kindly Ones comes to depict the entire architecture of Nazism — from its grandest intellectual pretensions to its most minute, most chilling managerial details and executions. The Kindly Ones presents — with unprecedented realism, meticulous research that is both fascinating and compelling, and brilliant literary accomplishment — the greatest horrors imaginable. “War and murder are a question, a question without an answer, for when you cry out in the night, no one answers,” Aue says. In the same way, this powerfully affecting, powerfully challenging book confronts the reader with the most profound questions about history, morality, and art without offering any easy resolution. Written originally in French, and published now in English for the first time, The Kindly Ones has already sold to date well over a million copies in Europe. In France it won two prestigious prizes, including the Goncourt, and has been compared to War and Peace and other great classics of literature.

New German Critique

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 632 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis New German Critique by :

Download or read book New German Critique written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Aesthetic Theory

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Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1780936591
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Aesthetic Theory by : Theodor W. Adorno

Download or read book Aesthetic Theory written by Theodor W. Adorno and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adorno's magnum opus, in which he summarises his life's thinking on concepts of beauty, the ugly and the sublime.

Media Theory in Japan

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Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822373297
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Media Theory in Japan by : Marc Steinberg

Download or read book Media Theory in Japan written by Marc Steinberg and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-09 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing an overview of Japanese media theory from the 1910s to the present, this volume introduces English-language readers to Japan's rich body of theoretical and conceptual work on media for the first time. The essays address a wide range of topics, including the work of foundational Japanese thinkers; Japanese theories of mediation and the philosophy of media; the connections between early Japanese television and consumer culture; and architecture's intersection with communications theory. Tracing the theoretical frameworks and paradigms that stem from Japan's media ecology, the contributors decenter Eurocentric media theory and demonstrate the value of the Japanese context to reassessing the parameters and definition of media theory itself. Taken together, these interdisciplinary essays expand media theory to encompass philosophy, feminist critique, literary theory, marketing discourse, and art; provide a counterbalance to the persisting universalist impulse of media studies; and emphasize the need to consider media theory situationally. Contributors. Yuriko Furuhata, Aaron Gerow, Mark Hansen, Marilyn Ivy, Takeshi Kadobayashi, Keisuke Kitano, Akihiro Kitada, Thomas Looser, Anne McKnight, Ryoko Misono, Akira Mizuta Lippit, Miryam Sas, Fabian Schäfer, Marc Steinberg, Tomiko Yoda, Alexander Zahlten

German for Everyone Junior: 5 Words a Day

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Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0744052890
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis German for Everyone Junior: 5 Words a Day by : DK

Download or read book German for Everyone Junior: 5 Words a Day written by DK and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2021-07-06 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The easiest way for kids to learn their first 1,000 German words! This German vocabulary book will lay the foundations for your child’s journey to learn and understand German at school or home. It introduces vocabulary in bite-sized chunks every day to make learning a new language feel less intimidating. Discover the perfect introduction to German for children ages 6-9. It’s the ultimate German lesson for kids! It includes: • Beautifully illustrated scenes that teach and test five words at a time. New vocabulary is practiced again at the end of each week in two pages of exercises. • Clever flaps on the jacket that cover the scene so your child can practice what they have just learned. • Uses the effective rote-learning method to teach new vocabulary. • Teaches a range of nouns and verbs that are useful in everyday life. Audio is available online and via a handy app to help with pronunciation. Help your child learn German Learning a foreign language can be intimidating, but German for Everyone Junior: 5 Words a Day is designed to make learning a new language engaging and fun for children! This introduction to German includes a mix of nouns and verbs taught through fun illustrations of a wide range of everyday objects with new words clearly labeled. Over a year, your child will build up a vocabulary of more than 1,000 German words. Each week, 20 new words are introduced and learned over four days. At the end of the week, kids can test themselves using the cleverly designed flaps that hide the words they just learned to help ingrain them in their memory. This German teaching guide includes accompanying audio, so kids can also practice their pronunciation as many times as they want. More titles in the series! The colorful, clear and comprehensive 5 Words a Day series from DK lays the foundations for your child's journey in learning a foreign language, at school or home. Look out for other workbooks in the series! Help your child learn, practice and understand 1,000 French words in French for Everyone Junior: 5 Words a Day.

Critique in German Philosophy

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Author :
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438480288
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis Critique in German Philosophy by : María del Rosario Acosta López

Download or read book Critique in German Philosophy written by María del Rosario Acosta López and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2020-11-01 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critique has been a central theme in the German philosophical tradition since the eighteenth century. The main goal of this book is to provide a history of this concept from its Kantian inception to contemporary critical theory. Focusing on both canonical and previously overlooked texts and thinkers, the contributors bring to light alternative conceptions of critique within nineteenth- and twentieth-century German philosophy, which have profound implications for contemporary philosophy. By offering a critical revision of the history of modern European philosophy, this book raises new questions about what it means for philosophy to be "critical" today.

The German Genius

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 085720324X
Total Pages : 846 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (572 download)

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Book Synopsis The German Genius by : Peter Watson

Download or read book The German Genius written by Peter Watson and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2010-09-16 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the end of the Baroque age and the death of Bach in 1750 to the rise of Hitler in 1933, Germany was transformed from a poor relation among western nations into a dominant intellectual and cultural force more influential than France, Britain, Italy, Holland, and the United States. In the early decades of the 20th century, German artists, writers, philosophers, scientists, and engineers were leading their freshly-unified country to new and undreamed of heights, and by 1933, they had won more Nobel prizes than anyone else and more than the British and Americans combined. But this genius was cut down in its prime with the rise and subsequent fall of Adolf Hitler and his fascist Third Reich-a legacy of evil that has overshadowed the nation's contributions ever since. Yet how did the Germans achieve their pre-eminence beginning in the mid-18th century? In this fascinating cultural history, Peter Watson goes back through time to explore the origins of the German genius, how it flourished and shaped our lives, and, most importantly, to reveal how it continues to shape our world. As he convincingly demonstarates, while we may hold other European cultures in higher esteem, it was German thinking-from Bach to Nietzsche to Freud-that actually shaped modern America and Britain in ways that resonate today.

The German Girl

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1501121243
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis The German Girl by : Armando Lucas Correa

Download or read book The German Girl written by Armando Lucas Correa and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2016-10-18 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AN INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLER Featured in Entertainment Weekly, People, The Millions, and USA TODAY “An unforgettable and resplendent novel which will take its place among the great historical fiction written about World War II.” —Adriana Trigiani, bestselling author of The Shoemaker's Wife A young girl flees Nazi-occupied Germany with her family and best friend, only to discover that the overseas refuge they had been promised is an illusion in this “engrossing and heartbreaking” (Library Journal, starred review) debut novel, perfect for fans of The Nightingale, Lilac Girls, and The Tattooist of Auschwitz. Berlin, 1939. Before everything changed, Hannah Rosenthal lived a charmed life. But now the streets of Berlin are draped in ominous flags; her family’s fine possessions are hauled away; and they are no longer welcome in the places they once considered home. A glimmer of hope appears in the shape of the St. Louis, a transatlantic ocean liner promising Jews safe passage to Cuba. At first, the liner feels like a luxury, but as they travel, the circumstances of war change, and the ship that was to be their salvation seems likely to become their doom. New York, 2014. On her twelfth birthday, Anna Rosen receives a mysterious package from an unknown relative in Cuba, her great-aunt Hannah. Its contents inspire Anna and her mother to travel to Havana to learn the truth about their family’s mysterious and tragic past. Weaving dual time frames, and based on a true story, The German Girl is a beautifully written and deeply poignant story about generations of exiles seeking a place to call home.

The Philosophical Foundations of Early German Romanticism

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Author :
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 0791485803
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (914 download)

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Book Synopsis The Philosophical Foundations of Early German Romanticism by : Manfred Frank

Download or read book The Philosophical Foundations of Early German Romanticism written by Manfred Frank and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Often portrayed as a movement of poets lost in swells of passion, early German Romanticism has been generally overlooked by scholars in favor of the great system-builders of the post-Kantian period, Schelling and Hegel. In the twelve lectures collected here, Manfred Frank redresses this oversight, offering an in-depth exploration of the philosophical contributions and contemporary relevance of early German Romanticism. Arguing that the early German Romantics initiated an original movement away from idealism, Frank brings the leading figures of the movement, Friedrich Schlegel and Friedrich von Hardenberg (Novalis), into concert with contemporary philosophical developments, and explores the role that Friedrich Hölderlin and other members of the Homburg Circle had upon the development of early German Romantic philosophy.

Genealogies of the Secular

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Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 1438476396
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis Genealogies of the Secular by : Willem Styfhals

Download or read book Genealogies of the Secular written by Willem Styfhals and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a historical and philosophical overview of the twentieth-century German debates on secularization, and their significance for contemporary discussions about the relationship between theology and modernity. While the concept of secularization is traditionally used to define the nature of modern culture, and sometimes to uncover the theological origins of secular modernity, its validity is being questioned ever more radically today. Genealogies of the Secular returns to the historical, intellectual, and philosophical roots of this concept in the twentieth-century German debates on religion and modernity, and presents a wide range of strategies that German thinkers have applied to apprehend the connection between religion and secularism. In fundamentally heterogeneous ways, these strategies all developed “genealogies of the secular” by tracing modern phenomena back to their religious or theological roots. This book aims to disclose the complex prehistory of the contemporary debates on political theology and postsecularism, and to show how prominent thinkers continue this German tradition today. It explores and assesses the classic theories of secularization that are epitomized in Carl Schmitt’s writings on political theology, but also addresses German philosophers whose work has been rarely associated with secularization, including Walter Benjamin, Ernst Cassirer, Martin Heidegger, Immanuel Kant, and Hannah Arendt. Attention is also paid to two thinkers whose role in these discourses has not been fully explored yet: Jacob Taubes and Jan Assmann. By introducing their thinking on religion, politics, and secularization, the book also makes two of their own key texts available to an English-language readership. “What makes the book so valuable pedagogically is the clarity and scope of its synthetic gestures about the dense questions congealing around the topic of secularization. It offers a pronouncement of central significance, emerging from some of the most important contemporary voices in these fields. The scholarship is internationally informed and engaged, even as it feels vibrant, immediate, and agenda setting.” — Ward Blanton, University of Kent, Canterbury

We Germans

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Publisher : Hachette UK
ISBN 13 : 0316429791
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (164 download)

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Book Synopsis We Germans by : Alexander Starritt

Download or read book We Germans written by Alexander Starritt and published by Hachette UK. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WINNER OF THE DAYTON LITERARY PEACE PRIZE A letter from a German soldier to his grandson recounts the terrors of war on the Eastern Front, and a postwar ordinary life in search of atonement, in this “raw, visceral, and propulsive” novel (New York Times Book Review). A New York Times Book Review Editors’ Choice In the throes of the Second World War, young Meissner, a college student with dreams of becoming a scientist, is drafted into the German army and sent to the Eastern Front. But soon his regiment collapses in the face of the onslaught of the Red Army, hell-bent on revenge in its race to Berlin. Many decades later, now an old man reckoning with his past, Meissner pens a letter to his grandson explaining his actions, his guilt as a Nazi participator, and the difficulty of life after war. Found among his effects after his death, the letter is at once a thrilling story of adventure and a questing rumination on the moral ambiguity of war. In his years spent fighting the Russians and attempting afterward to survive the Gulag, Meissner recounts a life lived in perseverance and atonement. Wracked with shame—both for himself and for Germany—the grandfather explains his dark rationale, exults in the courage of others, and blurs the boundaries of right and wrong. We Germans complicates our most steadfast beliefs and seeks to account for the complicity of an entire country in the perpetration of heinous acts. In this breathless and page-turning story, Alexander Starritt also presents us with a deft exploration of the moral contradictions inherent in saving one's own life at the cost of the lives of others and asks whether we can ever truly atone.

The German Stranger

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Author :
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 0739177699
Total Pages : 620 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis The German Stranger by : William H. F. Altman

Download or read book The German Stranger written by William H. F. Altman and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2012-06-07 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leo Strauss's connection with Martin Heidegger and Carl Schmitt suggests a troubling proximity to National Socialism but a serious critique of Strauss must begin with F. H. Jacobi. While writing his dissertation on this apparently Christian opponent of the Enlightenment, Strauss discovered the tactical principles that would characterize his lifework: writing between the lines, a faith-based critique of rationalism, the deliberate secularization of religious language for irreligious purposes, and an "all or nothing" antagonism to middling solutions. Especially the latter is distinctive of his Zionist writings in the 1920s where Strauss engaged in an ongoing polemic against Cultural Zionism, attacking it first from an orthodox, and then from an atheist's perspective. In his last Zionist article (1929), Strauss mentions "the Machiavellian Zionism of a Nordau that would not fear to use the traditional hope for a Messiah as dynamite." By the time of his "change of orientation," National Socialism was being led by a nihilistic "Messiah" while Strauss had already radicalized Schmitt's "political theology" and Heidegger's deconstruction of the ontological Tradition. Central to Strauss's advance beyond the smartest Nazis is his "Second Cave" in which he claimed modern thought is imprisoned: only by escaping Revelation can we recover "natural ignorance." By using pseudo-Platonic imagery to illustrate what anti-Semites called "Jewification," Strauss attempted to annihilate the common ground, celebrated by Hermann Cohen, between Judaism and Platonism. Unlike those who attacked Plato for devaluing nature at the expense of the transcendent Idea, the émigré Strauss effectively employed a new "Plato" who was no more a Platonist than Nietzsche or Heidegger had been. Central to Strauss's "Platonic political philosophy" is the mysterious protagonist of Plato's Laws whom Strauss accurately recognized as the kind of Socrates whose fear of death would have caused him to flee the hemlock. Any reader who recognizes the unbridgeable gap between the real Socrates and Plato’s Athenian Stranger will understand why “the German Stranger” is the principal theoretician of an atheistic re-enactment of religion, of which genus National Socialism is an ultra-modern species.