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New Approaches For The Synthesis Of Unusual Amino Acids
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Book Synopsis New Approaches for the Synthesis of Unusual Amino Acids by : Katherine Nora Fanning
Download or read book New Approaches for the Synthesis of Unusual Amino Acids written by Katherine Nora Fanning and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thermal and metal-catalysed aza-Claisen rearrangement of allylic trichlororacetimidates has found widespread application in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing molecules including alkaloids, antibiotics and unnatural amino acids. We have recently investigated the use of this reaction for the rearrangement of chiral molecules. This has led to the development of a highly diastereoselective, ether-directed palladium(II)-catalysed process which has been used for the synthesis of ß-hydroxy-a-amino acids. To expand the scope and understanding of the rearrangement, a number of analogues of 1 have been synthesised and subjected to a palladium(II)-catalysed rearrangement. Gizzerosine ((S)-2-amino-9-(4-imidazolyl)-7-azanonanoic acid) is a potent agonist for the H2-receptor. It brings about gizzard erosion and ulceration in broiler chickens. This disease is colloquially known as Â'Black VomitÂ' due to bleeding of lesions and subsequent regurgitation. Its biological profile suggests it could be a promising drug candidate for gastric achlorhydria and osteoporosis, although only small amounts can be isolated from fish meal for biological studies. A short and highly efficient synthesis has been developed in ten steps and 31% overall yield. Protein-protein inteactions are the key to organising cellular processes in space and time. Protein-protein interactions are involved in viral fusion and so are promising targets for anti-viral drugs. Photoactivatable amino acids have been used to identify these interactions. Activation by ultraviolet light induces covalent cross-linking (known as photo cross-linking) of the interacting proteins which can be detected with high specificity by simple western blotting. Significant progress has been made towards the development of a stereoselective synthesis of photoactivatable amino acids incorporating a diazirine ring, such as photo-leucine, which generate a reactive carbene after the light induced loss of nitrogen.
Book Synopsis A New Approach to the Synthesis of N-methylamino Acids and Their Peptides by : John Richard Coggins
Download or read book A New Approach to the Synthesis of N-methylamino Acids and Their Peptides written by John Richard Coggins and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New Approaches to the Synthesis of Phosphonate-containing Amino Acids by : M. Denise Rafferty
Download or read book New Approaches to the Synthesis of Phosphonate-containing Amino Acids written by M. Denise Rafferty and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies on Chemical Synthesis of Peptides by : Vasanthakumar Ganga Ramu
Download or read book Studies on Chemical Synthesis of Peptides written by Vasanthakumar Ganga Ramu and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-10-28 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2004 in the subject Chemistry - Organic Chemistry, Bangalore University / Central College (Department of Studies in Chemistry), language: English, abstract: The importance of ß-amino acids has been focused, particularly in the past few decades. They are found as components of many biologically active peptidic and nonpeptidic natural products with antibiotic, antifungal, cytotoxic, and other pharmacological properties. ß-Amino acids are produced in humans, animals, microorganisms, marine organisms, and plants either in free state or as part of a peptide or depsipeptide. The importance of nonpeptidic ß-amino acids has been nfocused particularly on the ß-lactam antibiotics, since naturally occurring penicillin derivatives have been discovered as broad antibiotic active agents. Over the years, a large number of these compounds have been prepared and tested, and a variety of new ß-lactam ring systems have been introduced such as cephems, cephalosporins, oxacephems, penems, carbapenems, oxapenams as well as monocyclic and polycyclic ring systems. ß-Amino acids have been known to play an important role in primary and secondary metabolism also. [...]
Book Synopsis Fluorine-containing Amino Acids by : Valery P. Kukhar
Download or read book Fluorine-containing Amino Acids written by Valery P. Kukhar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1995-04-06 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, organo-fluorine chemistry has made a marked impact on the design and synthesis of a large variety of biologically active molecules, such as steroids, carbohydrates, amines, amino acids, peptides and other natural products. Naturally occurring amino acids play a pivotal role in living systems, and therefore synthetic fluorine-containing amino acids have been of significant interest to researchers working towards the understanding and modification of physiological processes. Fluorine-containing Amino Acids: is the first volume devoted to the synthesis and properties of fluorine-containing amino acids pays special attention to the preparation of enantiomerically pure acids (which are essential to the modern pharmaceutical industry) deals with a rapidly expanding field of research has been written by experienced researchers who are responsible for many developments in the field highlights the interdisciplinary nature of this topic Fluorine-containing Amino Acids is the only dedicated reference in this subject and will be essential for researchers in synthetic organic, peptide, natural product, and medicinal chemistry and biochemistry.
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Unusual Amino Acids and Novel Cyclic Peptides by : Jasbir Singh
Download or read book Synthesis of Unusual Amino Acids and Novel Cyclic Peptides written by Jasbir Singh and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods of Non-a-Amino Acid Synthesis by : Michael Smith
Download or read book Methods of Non-a-Amino Acid Synthesis written by Michael Smith and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-05-17 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides a comprehensive overview of, and the most common and useful methods for, the synthesis of non-alpha-amino acids, particularly amino acids that are key synthetic intermediates or important compounds in their own right. Attention is paid to acyclic amino acids C3-C10 including amino alkanoic carboxylic acids, aminoalkenoic acids and aminoalkynoic acids.
Download or read book Non-Natural Amino Acids written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-07-24 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By combining the tools of organic chemistry with those of physical biochemistry and cell biology, Non-Natural Amino Acids aims to provide fundamental insights into how proteins work within the context of complex biological systems of biomedical interest. The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for 40 years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. With more than 400 volumes published, each Methods in Enzymology volume presents material that is relevant in today's labs -- truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences. - Demonstrates how the tools and principles of chemistry combined with the molecules and processes of living cells can be combined to create molecules with new properties and functions found neither in nature nor in the test tube - Presents new insights into the molecular mechanisms of complex biological and chemical systems that can be gained by studying the structure and function of non-natural molecules - Provides a "one-stop shop" for tried and tested essential techniques, eliminating the need to wade through untested or unreliable methods
Book Synopsis A New Approach to the Synthesis of N-methyl-amino Acids and Their Peptides [microform] by : Coggins, J. R. (John R.)
Download or read book A New Approach to the Synthesis of N-methyl-amino Acids and Their Peptides [microform] written by Coggins, J. R. (John R.) and published by National Library of Canada. This book was released on 1972 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Unnatural Amino Acids by : Loredano Pollegioni
Download or read book Unnatural Amino Acids written by Loredano Pollegioni and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though they are present in nature, non-proteinogenic amino acids are usually defined as unnatural or non-natural. Beside their structural diversity, interest in these compounds is due to their occurrence in nature, their biological properties, the analytical aspects, their use as probes, and their incorporation into peptides and proteins, among other reasons. Divided into five convenient sections, Unnatural Amino Acids: Methods and Protocols deals with enzymatic methods used to produce non-natural amino acids, aspects concerning the presence of unnatural amino acids in peptides with antimicrobial properties, genetic incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins (yeast and mammalian cells), and detection and quantification of D-amino acids and related enzymes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and accessible, Unnatural Amino Acids: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for scientists and contributes to directing the attention of researchers to the many fields of growing scientific interest in non-natural amino acids.
Book Synopsis The DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS AND THE DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDES & PEPTIDOMIMETICS CONTAINING UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS FOR THE STUDY OF G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS. by :
Download or read book The DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS AND THE DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDES & PEPTIDOMIMETICS CONTAINING UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS FOR THE STUDY OF G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS. written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nature has gifted peptides as important modulators in the human body, but these types of molecules often have not been favored when we were looking for therapeutic agents. The poor bioavailability, fast degradation and until recent high manufacturing costs of some bioactive peptides lowered their potential usage in the health industry. Under these circumstances, unnatural amino acids were developed as indispensible tools providing enormous support to peptide science. By incorporating proper unnatural amino acids into a peptide or protein, we now can significantly improve peptide's or protein's half-life, cell permeability, bio-distribution, etc. In addition, their potency and receptor/acceptor selectivity could also be enhanced. Site-specific modifications of peptides and proteins under physiological conditions with the use of unnatural amino acids also have been made easier with the advance of biotechnology. Therefore, my research described in this dissertation contributes to the efforts in the development of novel unnatural amino acids. In particular, I have focused on novel methods in the synthesis of anti beta-functionalized gamma, delta-unsaturated amino acids. These amino acids have special interests in peptide chemistry: they can provide conformational constraints to the peptide 3D structures; the beta-functionalization allows the introduction of pharmaceutically interesting side chain groups; and the terminal double bond which is orthogonal to peptide synthesis provides access to further chemical modifications. Two general methodologies for the synthesis of both racemic and optically active anti beta-functionalized gamma, delta--unsaturated amino acids were developed by using the thio-Claisen rearrangement (TCR) reaction. Excellent diastereoselectivies and enantioselectivities were obtained when C2-symmetric chiral auxiliaries were selected to control the stereochemistry outcome. The mechanism and the scope of the TCR reaction were also studied, showing unique advantages in the preparation of these biological interesting amino acids. Another effort of developing angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor biased peptide ligands is also documented in this dissertation. The AT1 receptor is a 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor, which recent researches have shown could be activated through a beta-arrestins only, but G-protein independent, pathway. We synthesized 12 analogs of Sar1,Ile4,Ile8-AngII (SII), and tested them in biological assays, and obtained valuable information for further "perfect" biased ligands design.
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Optically Active [alpha]-amino Acids by : Robert Michael Williams
Download or read book Synthesis of Optically Active [alpha]-amino Acids written by Robert Michael Williams and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1989 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to review and critically evaluate the best new methods to synthesize alpha-amino acids in optically active form. There is so much new literature on amino acid synthesis that the experimentalist will undoubtedly have difficulty in selecting the most appropriate methodology for constructing the amino acid of immediate interest. This book is a guide for steering the scientist through the maze of existing reports on the subject and contains the most up-to-date critical reviews of methods of asymmetric synthesis of amino acids. In areas that are relatively new conceptually and less studied experimentally, an effort has been made to review the most salient works with an eye towards future development. Over 330 schemes and figures are presented with references for rapid visual retrieval of information. The book will be of great value to academic and industrial organic research chemists, especially those concerned with medicinal and agricultural chemistry, as well as to graduate and post graduate students, biochemists and biologists.
Book Synopsis New Methods for the Synthesis of Complex Amino Acids and Carbohydrates by : Andrew Mark Norrish
Download or read book New Methods for the Synthesis of Complex Amino Acids and Carbohydrates written by Andrew Mark Norrish and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New Methods Towards the Synthesis of [beta]-amino Acids by : Barbara Weiner
Download or read book New Methods Towards the Synthesis of [beta]-amino Acids written by Barbara Weiner and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Amino Acid Derivatives by : G. C. Barrett
Download or read book Amino Acid Derivatives written by G. C. Barrett and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 1999 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many successful syntheses of homochiral organic compounds use an amino acid derivative as a starting point. Such syntheses are not confined to peptides as targets; peptide synthesis strategies have been narrowed down to a few well-defined protocols (and these are not covered in this book).Outside the peptide field, many non-routine syntheses have been established that give the intended products in which the structural features of the starting amino acid are barely recognisable. This book is a laboratory guide that covers the early stages of syntheses under these headings, whichinvariably call for modifications to the functional groups of readily-available L-amino acids. It will therefore give invaluable guidance to the preparation of amino acid derivatives to be used not only in these broad area of synthesis but also in amino acid analysis. Synthetic work with aminoacids carried out by new users and by experienced chemists and other scientists, will be supported by the detailed practical protocols and background information provided in this book.
Book Synopsis Asymmetric Synthesis and Application of Alpha-Amino Acids by : Vadim A Soloshonok
Download or read book Asymmetric Synthesis and Application of Alpha-Amino Acids written by Vadim A Soloshonok and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2009-07-09 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the most recent and comprehensive collection of reviews on methodological developments in the field of alpha-amino acids.
Book Synopsis Methods of Non-a-amino Acid Synthesis by : Micheal B. Smith
Download or read book Methods of Non-a-amino Acid Synthesis written by Micheal B. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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