Neurosciences And Ethics

Download Neurosciences And Ethics full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Neurosciences And Ethics ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

The Ethics of Neuroscience and National Security

Author : Nicholas G. Evans
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780429824135
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (241 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Ethics of Neuroscience and National Security by : Nicholas G. Evans

Download or read book The Ethics of Neuroscience and National Security written by Nicholas G. Evans and published by . This book was released on 2021-05-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New advances in neuroscience promise innovations in national security, especially in the areas of law enforcement, intelligence collection, and armed conflict. But ethical questions emerge about how we can, and should, use these innovations. This book draws on the open literature to map the development of neuroscience, particularly through funding by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, in certain areas like behavior prediction, behavior modification, and neuroenhancement, and its use in the creation of novel weapons. It shows how advances in neuroscience and new technologies raise ethical issues that challenge the norms of law enforcement, intelligence collection, and armed conflict, broadly grouped under the term "national security." Increasing technological sophistication without attention to ethics, this book argues, risks creating conditions for the development of "dual-use" technologies that may be prone to misuse, are grounded in an incomplete understanding of the brain, or are based on a limited view of the political contexts in which these technologies arise. A concluding section looks at policy and regulatory options that might promote the benefits of emerging neuroscience, while mitigating attendant risks. Key Features: First broad survey of the ethics of neuroscience as it applies to national security Innovative ethical analysis over a range of cross-cutting technologies including behavior prediction and modification tools, human enhancement, and novel lethal and nonlethal weapons Ethical analysis covering all stages from the development, testing, and use (or misuse) of these technologies; and decisions from the individual scientist to the nation state Strong policy focus at multiple levels, from self-governance to international regulation Combination of philosophical analysis with grounded, practical recommendations

Neuroethics

Author : Martha J. Farah
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262514605
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Neuroethics by : Martha J. Farah

Download or read book Neuroethics written by Martha J. Farah and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010-07-16 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the ethical, legal, and societal issues arising from brain imaging, psychopharmacology, and other new developments in neuroscience. Neuroscience increasingly allows us to explain, predict, and even control aspects of human behavior. The ethical issues that arise from these developments extend beyond the boundaries of conventional bioethics into philosophy of mind, psychology, theology, public policy, and the law. This broader set of concerns is the subject matter of neuroethics. In this book, leading neuroscientist Martha Farah introduces the reader to the key issues of neuroethics, placing them in scientific and cultural context and presenting a carefully chosen set of essays, articles, and excerpts from longer works that explore specific problems in neuroethics from the perspectives of a diverse set of authors. Included are writings by such leading scientists, philosophers, and legal scholars as Carl Elliot, Joshua Greene, Steven Hyman, Peter Kramer, and Elizabeth Phelps. Topics include the ethical dilemmas of cognitive enhancement; issues of personality, memory and identity; the ability of brain imaging to both persuade and reveal; the legal implications of neuroscience; and the many ways in which neuroscience challenges our conception of what it means to be a person. Neuroethics is an essential guide to the most intellectually challenging and socially significant issues at the interface of neuroscience and society. Farah's clear writing and well-chosen readings will be appreciated by scientist and humanist alike, and the inclusion of questions for discussion in each section makes the book suitable for classroom use. Contributors Zenab Amin, Ofek Bar-Ilan, Richard G. Boire, Philip Campbell, Turhan Canli, Jonathan Cohen, Robert Cook-Degan, Lawrence H. Diller, Carl Elliott, Martha J. Farah, Rod Flower, Kenneth R. Foster, Howard Gardner, Michael Gazzaniga, Jeremy R. Gray, Henry Greely, Joshua Greene, John Harris, Andrea S. Heberlein, Steven E. Hyman, Judy Iles, Eric Kandel, Ronald C. Kessler, Patricia King, Adam J. Kolber, Peter D. Kramer, Daniel D. Langleben, Steven Laureys, Stephen J. Morse, Nancey Murphy, Eric Parens, Sidney Perkowitz, Elizabeth A. Phelps, President's Council on Bioethics, Eric Racine, Barbara Sahakian, Laura A. Thomas, Paul M. Thompson, Stacey A. Tovino, Paul Root Wolpe

Addiction Neuroethics

Author : Adrian Carter
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123859743
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Addiction Neuroethics by : Adrian Carter

Download or read book Addiction Neuroethics written by Adrian Carter and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-10-04 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research increasingly suggests that addiction has a genetic and neurobiological basis, but efforts to translate research into effective clinical treatments and social policy needs to be informed by careful ethical analyses of the personal and social implications. Scientists and policy makers alike must consider possible unintended negative consequences of neuroscience research so that the promise of reducing the burden and incidence of addiction can be fully realized and new advances translated into clinically meaningful and effective treatments. This volume brings together leading addiction researchers and practitioners with neuroethicists and social scientists to specifically discuss the ethical, philosophical, legal and social implications of neuroscience research of addiction, as well as its translation into effective, economical and appropriate policy and treatments. Chapters explore the history of ideas about addiction, the neuroscience of drug use and addiction, prevention and treatment of addiction, the moral implications of addiction neuroscience, legal issues and human rights, research ethics, and public policy. - Features outstanding and truly international scholarship, with chapters written by leading experts in neuroscience, addiction medicine, psychology and more - Informs psychologists of related research in neuroscience and vice versa, giving researchers easy one-stop access to knowledge outside their area of specialty

Ethical Issues in Neuroscience Research

Author : Marilyn Phillips
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781634829892
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (298 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Ethical Issues in Neuroscience Research by : Marilyn Phillips

Download or read book Ethical Issues in Neuroscience Research written by Marilyn Phillips and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a set of recommendations from the Bioethics Commission in response to a request from President Obama to review the ethical issues associated with the conduct and implications of neuroscience research; and President Obama's request related to the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative. Specifically the President asked the Bioethics Commission to "identify proactively a set of core ethical standards both to guide neuroscience research and to address some of the ethical dilemmas that may be raised by the application of neuroscience research findings." This book focuses on the integration of ethics into neuroscience research across the life of a research endeavor; and on the analysis on three particularly controversial topics that illustrate the ethical tensions and societal implications of advancing neuroscience and technology: cognitive enhancement, consent capacity, and neuroscience and the legal system. The book seeks to clarify the scientific landscape, identify common ground, and recommend ethical paths forward.

Does Neuroscience Have Normative Implications?

Author : Geoffrey S. Holtzman
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030561348
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Does Neuroscience Have Normative Implications? by : Geoffrey S. Holtzman

Download or read book Does Neuroscience Have Normative Implications? written by Geoffrey S. Holtzman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together a number of essays that are optimistic about the ways certain neuroscientific insights might advance philosophical ethics, and other essays that are more circumspect about the relevance of neuroscience to philosophical ethics. As a whole, the essays form a self-reflective body of work that simultaneously seeks to derive normative ethical implications from neuroscience, and to question whether and how that may be possible at all. In doing so, the collection brings together psychology, neuroscience, philosophy of mind, ethics, and philosophy of science. Neuroscience seeks to understand the biological systems that guide human behavior and cognition. Normative ethics, on the other hand, seeks to understand the system of abstract moral principles dictating how people ought to behave. By studying how the human brain makes moral judgments, can philosophers learn anything about the nature of morality itself? A growing number of researchers believe that neuroscience can, indeed, provide insights into the questions of philosophical ethics. However, even these advocates acknowledge that the path from neuroscientific is to normative ethical ought can be quite fraught.

Oxford Handbook of Neuroethics

Author : Judy Illes
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191620912
Total Pages : 976 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Oxford Handbook of Neuroethics by : Judy Illes

Download or read book Oxford Handbook of Neuroethics written by Judy Illes and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-04-07 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past two decades have seen unparalleled developments in our knowledge of the brain and mind. However, these advances have forced us to confront head-on some significant ethical issues regarding our application of this information in the real world- whether using brain images to establish guilt within a court of law, or developing drugs to enhance cognition. Historically, any consideration of the ethical, legal, and social implications of emerging technologies in science and medicine has lagged behind the discovery of the technology itself. These delays have caused problems in the acceptability and potential applications of biomedical advances and posed significant problems for the scientific community and the public alike - for example in the case of genetic screening and human cloning. The field of Neuroethics aims to proactively anticipate ethical, legal and social issues at the intersection of neuroscience and ethics, raising questions about what the brain tells us about ourselves, whether the information is what people want or ought to know, and how best to communicate it. A landmark in the academic literature, the Oxford Handbook of Neuroethics presents a pioneering review of a topic central to the sciences and humanities. It presents a range of chapters considering key issues, discussion, and debate at the intersection of brain and ethics. The handbook contains more than 50 chapters by leaders from around the world and a broad range of sectors of academia and clinical practice spanning the neurosciences, medical sciences and humanities and law. The book focuses on and provides a platform for dialogue of what neuroscience can do, what we might expect neuroscience will do, and what neuroscience ought to do. The major themes include: consciousness and intention; responsibility and determinism; mind and body; neurotechnology; ageing and dementia; law and public policy; and science, society and international perspectives. Tackling some of the most significant ethical issues that face us now and will continue to do so over the coming decades, The Oxford Handbook of Neuroethics will be an essential resource for the field of neuroethics for graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, basic scientists in the neurosciences and psychology, scholars in humanities and law, as well as physicians practising in the areas of primary care in neurological medicine.

Moral Brains

Author : S. Matthew Liao
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199357676
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Moral Brains by : S. Matthew Liao

Download or read book Moral Brains written by S. Matthew Liao and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last fifteen years, there has been significant interest in studying the brain structures involved in moral judgments using novel techniques from neuroscience. This is the first volume to take stock of fifteen years of research of this fast-growing field of moral neuroscience and recommend future directions for research.

Neuroscience and Philosophy

Author : Felipe De Brigard
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262045435
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Neuroscience and Philosophy by : Felipe De Brigard

Download or read book Neuroscience and Philosophy written by Felipe De Brigard and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-02-01 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophers and neuroscientists address central issues in both fields, including morality, action, mental illness, consciousness, perception, and memory. Philosophers and neuroscientists grapple with the same profound questions involving consciousness, perception, behavior, and moral judgment, but only recently have the two disciplines begun to work together. This volume offers fourteen original chapters that address these issues, each written by a team that includes at least one philosopher and one neuroscientist who integrate disciplinary perspectives and reflect the latest research in both fields. Topics include morality, empathy, agency, the self, mental illness, neuroprediction, optogenetics, pain, vision, consciousness, memory, concepts, mind wandering, and the neural basis of psychological categories. The chapters first address basic issues about our social and moral lives: how we decide to act and ought to act toward each other, how we understand each other’s mental states and selves, and how we deal with pressing social problems regarding crime and mental or brain health. The following chapters consider basic issues about our mental lives: how we classify and recall what we experience, how we see and feel objects in the world, how we ponder plans and alternatives, and how our brains make us conscious and create specific mental states.

Hardwired Behavior

Author : Laurence Tancredi
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521860017
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Hardwired Behavior by : Laurence Tancredi

Download or read book Hardwired Behavior written by Laurence Tancredi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-19 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the impact of neuroscience research over the past 20 or more years on brain function as it affects moral decisions. It sets out the historical framework of the transition from 'mentalism' to 'physicalism', shows how the physical brain works in moral decisions and then examines three broad areas of moral decision-making - the brain in 'bad' acts, the brain in decisions involving sexual relations, and the brain in money decision-making.

The Law and Ethics of Freedom of Thought, Volume 1

Author : Marc Jonathan Blitz
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030844943
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Law and Ethics of Freedom of Thought, Volume 1 by : Marc Jonathan Blitz

Download or read book The Law and Ethics of Freedom of Thought, Volume 1 written by Marc Jonathan Blitz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-06 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freedom of thought is one of the great and venerable notions of Western thought, often celebrated in philosophical texts – and described as a crucial right in American, European, and International Law, and in that of other jurisdictions. What it means more precisely is, however, anything but clear; surprisingly little writing has been devoted to it. In the past, perhaps, there has been little need for such elaboration. As one Supreme Court Justice stressed, “[f]reedom to think is absolute of its own nature” because even “the most tyrannical government is powerless to control the inward workings of the mind.” But the rise of brain scanning, cognition enhancement, and other emerging technologies make this question a more pressing one. This volume provides an interdisciplinary exploration of how freedom of thought might function as an ethical principle and as a constitutional or human right. It draws on philosophy, legal analysis, history, and reflections on neuroscience and neurotechnology to explore what respect for freedom of thought (or an individual’s cognitive liberty or autonomy) requires.

International Norms, Moral Psychology, and Neuroscience

Author : Richard Price
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110896768X
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis International Norms, Moral Psychology, and Neuroscience by : Richard Price

Download or read book International Norms, Moral Psychology, and Neuroscience written by Richard Price and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-19 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on international norms has yet to answer satisfactorily some of our own most important questions about the origins of norms and the conditions under which some norms win out over others. The authors argue that international relations (IR) theorists should engage more with research in moral psychology and neuroscience to advance theories of norm emergence and resonance. This Element first provides an overview of six areas of research in neuroscience and moral psychology that hold particular promise for norms theorists and international relations theory more generally. It next surveys existing literature in IR to see how literature from moral psychology is already being put to use, and then recommends a research agenda for norms researchers engaging with this literature. The authors do not believe that this exchange should be a one-way street, however, and they discuss various ways in which the IR literature on norms may be of interest and of use to moral psychologists, and of use to advocacy communities.

Braintrust

Author : Patricia S. Churchland
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691180970
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Braintrust by : Patricia S. Churchland

Download or read book Braintrust written by Patricia S. Churchland and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-22 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A provocative new account of how morality evolved What is morality? Where does it come from? And why do most of us heed its call most of the time? In Braintrust, neurophilosophy pioneer Patricia Churchland argues that morality originates in the biology of the brain. She describes the "neurobiological platform of bonding" that, modified by evolutionary pressures and cultural values, has led to human styles of moral behavior. The result is a provocative genealogy of morals that asks us to reevaluate the priority given to religion, absolute rules, and pure reason in accounting for the basis of morality. Moral values, Churchland argues, are rooted in a behavior common to all mammals—the caring for offspring. The evolved structure, processes, and chemistry of the brain incline humans to strive not only for self-preservation but for the well-being of allied selves—first offspring, then mates, kin, and so on, in wider and wider "caring" circles. Separation and exclusion cause pain, and the company of loved ones causes pleasure; responding to feelings of social pain and pleasure, brains adjust their circuitry to local customs. In this way, caring is apportioned, conscience molded, and moral intuitions instilled. A key part of the story is oxytocin, an ancient body-and-brain molecule that, by decreasing the stress response, allows humans to develop the trust in one another necessary for the development of close-knit ties, social institutions, and morality. A major new account of what really makes us moral, Braintrust challenges us to reconsider the origins of some of our most cherished values.

Handbook of Neuroethics

Author : Jens Clausen
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789400747067
Total Pages : 1850 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (47 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Neuroethics by : Jens Clausen

Download or read book Handbook of Neuroethics written by Jens Clausen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-28 with total page 1850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the study of neuroscientific developments and innovations, examined from different angles, this Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the international neuroethical debate, and offers unprecedented insights into the impact of neuroscientific research, diagnosis, and therapy. Neuroethics – as a multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary endeavor – examines the implications of the neurosciences for human beings in general and for their self-understanding and their social interactions in particular. The range of approaches adopted in neuroethics and thus in this handbook includes but is not limited to historical, anthropological, ethical, philosophical, theological, sociological and legal approaches. The Handbook deals with a plethora of topics, divided into in three parts: the first part contains discussions of theories of neuroethics and how neuroscience impacts on our understanding of personal identity, free will, and other philosophical concepts. The second part is dedicated to issues involved in current and future clinical applications of neurosciences, such as brain stimulation, brain imaging, prosthetics, addiction, and psychiatric ethics. The final part deals with neuroethics and society and includes chapters on neurolaw, neurotheology, neuromarketing, and enhancement.

Handbook of Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity

Author : Ron Iphofen
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783030167585
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (675 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity by : Ron Iphofen

Download or read book Handbook of Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity written by Ron Iphofen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-04-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is a ‘one-stop shop’ for current information, issues and challenges in the fields of research ethics and scientific integrity. It provides a comprehensive coverage of research and integrity issues, both within researchers’ ‘home’ discipline and in relation to similar concerns in other disciplines. The handbook covers common elements shared by disciplines and research professions, such as consent, privacy, data management, fraud, and plagiarism. The handbook also includes contributions and perspectives from academics from various disciplines, treating issues specific to their fields. Readers are able to quickly source the most comprehensive and up-to-date information, protagonists, issues and challenges in the field. Experienced researchers keen to assess their own perspectives, as well as novice researchers aiming to establish the field, will equally find the handbook of interest and practical benefit. It saves them a great deal of time in sourcing the disparate available material in these fields and it is the first ‘port of call’ for a wide range of researchers, research advisors, funding agencies and research reviewers.The most important feature is the handbook’s ability to provide practical advice and guidance to researchers in a wide range of disciplines and professions to help them ‘think through’ their approach to difficult questions related to the principles, values and standards they need to bring to their research practice.

Ethics and Law for Neurosciences Clinicians

Author : James E Szalados
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813593883
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Ethics and Law for Neurosciences Clinicians by : James E Szalados

Download or read book Ethics and Law for Neurosciences Clinicians written by James E Szalados and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-04 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science and technology are advancing more rapidly than regulations or the law can interpret and integrate them into a supportive or regulatory framework. This book is written for all clinicians in the neurosciences specialties who need to examine and re-examine the ethical and legal implications of advances in clinical neurosciences.

The Ethics of Neuroscience and National Security

Author : Nicholas G. Evans
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429824149
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Ethics of Neuroscience and National Security by : Nicholas G. Evans

Download or read book The Ethics of Neuroscience and National Security written by Nicholas G. Evans and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-05-24 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New advances in neuroscience promise innovations in national security, especially in the areas of law enforcement, intelligence collection, and armed conflict. But ethical questions emerge about how we can, and should, use these innovations. This book draws on the open literature to map the development of neuroscience, particularly through funding by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, in certain areas like behavior prediction, behavior modification, and neuroenhancement, and its use in the creation of novel weapons. It shows how advances in neuroscience and new technologies raise ethical issues that challenge the norms of law enforcement, intelligence collection, and armed conflict, broadly grouped under the term "national security." Increasing technological sophistication without attention to ethics, this book argues, risks creating conditions for the development of "dual-use" technologies that may be prone to misuse, are grounded in an incomplete understanding of the brain, or are based on a limited view of the political contexts in which these technologies arise. A concluding section looks at policy and regulatory options that might promote the benefits of emerging neuroscience, while mitigating attendant risks. Key Features: First broad survey of the ethics of neuroscience as it applies to national security Innovative ethical analysis over a range of cross-cutting technologies including behavior prediction and modification tools, human enhancement, and novel lethal and nonlethal weapons Ethical analysis covering all stages from the development, testing, and use (or misuse) of these technologies; and decisions from the individual scientist to the nation state Strong policy focus at multiple levels, from self-governance to international regulation Combination of philosophical analysis with grounded, practical recommendations

Neurosciences - From Molecule to Behavior: a university textbook

Author : C. Giovanni Galizia
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642107699
Total Pages : 735 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Neurosciences - From Molecule to Behavior: a university textbook by : C. Giovanni Galizia

Download or read book Neurosciences - From Molecule to Behavior: a university textbook written by C. Giovanni Galizia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-08 with total page 735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurosciences – a comprehensive approach This textbook covers neuroscience from cellular and molecular mechanisms to behavior and cognitive processing. We also address evolution of the nervous system, computational neuroscience, the history of neuroscience as a discipline and neurophilosophy – to name but a few. The book provides the newest state-of-the-art knowledge about neuroscience from across the animal kingdom, with particular emphasis on model species commonly used in neuroscience labs across the world: mouse, zebra fish, fruit fly, honeybee, and nematode worm. We aim at university students of neuroscience, psychology, biological sciences, and medical sciences, but also computer scientists, philosophers, or anybody interested in understanding how brains work.