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Neuron Glia Interrelations During Phylogeny
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Book Synopsis Neuron-Glia Interrelations During Phylogeny I by : Antonia Vernadakis
Download or read book Neuron-Glia Interrelations During Phylogeny I written by Antonia Vernadakis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-07-20 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading international authorities report on their in vivo studies of neuron glia interactions in animals with simple nervous systems (insects, fish, amphibians, and reptiles). Their work amounts to an in-depth account of many of the principal functions of glial cells: myelination, regulation of ionic environment, neurotransmitter compartmentation and neurotransmitter receptors, blood brain barrier, regeneration, and aging. Part I examines the origin and role of glial cells during development across the phylogenetic spectrum, including the evolution of their particular functions. Part II discusses the physiological and metabolic interactions between neurons and glia, again across phylogenetic groups. Neuron Glia Interrelations During Phylogeny illuminates the evolution of the nervous system and expands our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in regeneration and central nervous system repair. It constitutes a virtual encyclopedia of up-to-date findings concerning the significant roles played by glial cells in neuronal development and function.
Book Synopsis Neuron—Glia Interrelations During Phylogeny by : Antonia Vernadakis
Download or read book Neuron—Glia Interrelations During Phylogeny written by Antonia Vernadakis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-07-20 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Neuronal Environment by : Wolfgang Walz
Download or read book The Neuronal Environment written by Wolfgang Walz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-12-26 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading neuroscience researchers offer a fresh perspective on neuronal function by examining all its many components-including their pertubation during major disease states-and relate each element to neuronal demands. Topics range from the dependency of neurons on metabolic supply, as well as on both ion and transmitter homeostasis, to their close interaction with the myelin sheath. Also addressed are the astrocytic signaling system that controls synaptic transmission, the extracellular matrix and space as communication systems, the role of blood flow regulation in neuronal demand and in blood-brain barrier function, and inflammation and the neuroimmune system. Insightful and integrative, The Neuronal Environment: Brain Homeostasis in Health and Disease demonstrates a clear new understanding that neurons do not work in isolation, that they need constant interactions with other brain components to process information, and that they are not the only information processing system in the brain.
Download or read book Glial Cells written by Peter R. Laming and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-06-28 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1998 book discusses how neurons and glial cells interact with each other to influence behaviour.
Book Synopsis Neuroglia in the Aging Brain by : Jean de Vellis
Download or read book Neuroglia in the Aging Brain written by Jean de Vellis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-11-06 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A distinguished panel of internationally recognized neuroscientists comprehensively review the involvement of and changes in glial cells both during the normal aging process and in the major disorders of old age. Topics range from the cellular and molecular changes that occur with aging-especially aging-associated activation of astrocytes and microglia and its relation to neuronal injury and repair-to neuron-glia intercommunication. The contributors show how glial signals may be modulated by hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters, intracellular metabolism, and intercellular exchanges, as well as by aging of the blood-brain barrier.
Book Synopsis Cortico-Subcortical Dynamics in Parkinson’s Disease by : Kuei-Yuan Tseng
Download or read book Cortico-Subcortical Dynamics in Parkinson’s Disease written by Kuei-Yuan Tseng and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-20 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The striatum is the principal input structure of the basal ganglia. Numerically, the great majority of neurons in the striatum are spiny projection neurons, which produce the inhibitory output of the striatum to the globus pallidum and substantia nigra. The major glutamatergic afferents to the striatum from the cerebral cortex make monosynaptic contact with spiny projection neurons. The dopaminergic afferents from the substantia nigra also synapse directly on the spiny projection neurons. Thus, the spiny projection neurons play a crucial role in the input–output operations of the striatum by integrating glutamatergic cortical inputs with dopaminergic inputs and producing the output to other basal ganglia nuclei. Anatomical observations made nearly 30 years ago suggested that inhibitory interactions among the spiny projection neurons of the striatum are very pr- able. Individual spiny projection neurons produce a local axonal plexus in the spheroidal space occupied by their own dendritic trees [1, 2]. Based on the GABAergic nature of these neurons and their synaptic contacts with other spiny neurons, several authors have proposed that the spiny projection neurons form a lateral inhibition type of neural network [3–5]. In the idealised concept of lateral inhibition, each output neuron makes inhibitory synaptic contact with its neighbours [5]. However, there are physical limitations set by the extent of axonal and dendritic trees, and the number of synaptic sites, which mean that lateral inhibition is limited to a local domain of inhibition.
Book Synopsis Cell biology of brain development and evolution by : Elena Taverna
Download or read book Cell biology of brain development and evolution written by Elena Taverna and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-20 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Cell Cycle in the Central Nervous System by : Damir Janigro
Download or read book The Cell Cycle in the Central Nervous System written by Damir Janigro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-23 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell Cycle in the Central Nervous System overviews the changes in cell cycle as they relate to prenatal and post natal brain development, progression to neurological disease or tumor formation.Topics covered range from the cell cycle during the prenatal development of the mammalian central nervous system to future directions in postnatal neurogenesis through gene transfer, electrical stimulation, and stem cell introduction. Additional chapters examine the postnatal development of neurons and glia, the regulation of cell cycle in glia, and how that regulation may fail in pretumor conditions or following a nonneoplastic CNS response to injury. Highlights include treatments of the effects of deep brain stimulation on brain development and repair; the connection between the electrophysiological properties of neuroglia, cell cycle, and tumor progression; and the varied immunological responses and their regulation by cell cycle.
Book Synopsis Neural Development and Stem Cells by : Mahendra S. Rao
Download or read book Neural Development and Stem Cells written by Mahendra S. Rao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-28 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing the second edition of Neural Development and Stem Cells was neces- tated by the rapid increase in our knowledge of the development of the nervous system. It has become increasingly clear that stem cells are a heterogeneous population that changes extensively during development. Perhaps the most important advance in our understanding of stem cell behavior has been the realization that regionalization of stem cells occurs early in development and this bias toward differentiation in phe- types of neurons or cells characteristic of a particular part of the brain appears to persist even after prolonged culture. We have therefore included additional chapters on olf- tory epithelial stem cells and retinal stem cells, both of which differ in their properties from ventricular zone and subventricular zone–derived neural stem cells. It is also now clear from an analysis of mutants and transgenics where the death or self-renewal pa- way is altered that cell death regulates stem cell number. As a consequence, this second edition includes a separate chapter on cell death that summarizes the important changes in the death pathway that occur as stem cells mature. The existing chapters in the book have also been extensively revised and updated by experts who have generously c- tributed their time and expertise. The chapters have been organized along the lines of our understanding of how the nervous system develops (Fig. 1, on p. vi).
Book Synopsis Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Brain Repair by : Cyndy D. Davis
Download or read book Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Brain Repair written by Cyndy D. Davis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-09 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As our world continues to evolve, the field of regenerative medicine f- lows suit. Although many modern day therapies focus on synthetic and na- ral medicinal treatments for brain repair, many of these treatments and prescriptions lack adequate results or only have the ability to slow the p- gression of neurological disease or injury. Cell therapy, however, remains the most compelling treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, disorders, and injuries, including Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, traumatic brain injury, and stroke, which is expanded upon in more detail in Chapter 1 by Snyder and colleagues. Cell therapy is also unique in that it is the only therapeutic strategy that strives to replace lost, damaged, or dysfunctional cells with healthy ones. This repair and replacement may be due to an administration of exogenous cells itself or the activation of the body’s own endogenous reparative cells by a trophic, immune, or inflammatory response to cell transplantation. However, the precise mechanism of how cell therapy works remains elusive and is c- tinuing to be investigated in terms of molecular and cellular responses, in particular. Moreover, Chapter 11 by Emerich and associates, discusses some of the possibilities of cell immunoisolation and the potential for treating central nervous system diseases.
Book Synopsis Neural Stem Cells for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair by : Tanja Zigova
Download or read book Neural Stem Cells for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair written by Tanja Zigova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-11-05 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Active neuroscientists survey NSCs as potential tools for central nervous system and spinal cord repair by explaining their clinically significant fundamental properties, manipulations, and potential therapeutic paradigms. Their discussion of the fundamental biology of NSCs illustrates the signaling pathways that regulate stem cell division and differentiation, and defines the methods of NSC expansion and propagation, neuromorphogenesis, the factors determining cell fate both in vitro and in situ, and the induction of self-reparative processes within the brain. They also present strategies that may lead to fruitful clinical applications in the near future. These range from the replacement of degenerated, dysfunctional, or maldeveloped cells to the provision of factors that may protect, correct, recruit, promote self-repair, or mediate the connectivity of host cells.
Book Synopsis Brain Plasticity by : Guido Filogamo
Download or read book Brain Plasticity written by Guido Filogamo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the Conference on Recent Advances in Neurobiology: Plasticity and Regeneration held in St. Vincent, Italy, October 9-11 1995
Book Synopsis Understanding Glial Cells by : Bernardo Castellano
Download or read book Understanding Glial Cells written by Bernardo Castellano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of selected works presented by Spanish research teams at the establishment and consolidation of the Spanish Glial Network in February 1997. Includes: morphology and ontogeny, molecular and biochemical properties, pathology, and involvement in damage and regeneration. For researchers, clinicians, students, and teachers.
Book Synopsis Myelinated Fibers and Saltatory Conduction in the Shrimp by : Ke Xu
Download or read book Myelinated Fibers and Saltatory Conduction in the Shrimp written by Ke Xu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-20 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1961, neurobiologists found that the conduction velocity of the nerve impulse in the giant nerve fiber of the Penaeus shrimp abdominal nerve cord was over 200 m/s, the highest speed of information transmission ever observed in the animal kingdom. The peculiar myelin sheath with its unique nodal structure and the electrical properties of the nerve fibers of the shrimp have continued to be investigated for a quarter of century and are now fully described in this book. The investigation dispels the commonly held belief that the fastest recorded impulse conduction is about 120 m/s in the thickest vertebrate myelinated nerve fibers. In the shrimp, researchers found a completely novel type of functional node in the giant fiber which they designated as the fenestration node. In portions of the myelinated fiber, the fenestration node furnished the sites of excitation. Also discovered was a new strategy for increasing impulse conduction in the shrimp. The book includes a section on the formation of the fenestration node and the discovery of a strategy that allows the shrimp to escape its predators by an action of the fastest velocity. The data presented in this volume on the myelin sheath of invertebrates present a new direction for this field and a rich source of information for neurobiologists worldwide.
Book Synopsis Neurotransmitter Transporters by : Maarten E. A. Reith
Download or read book Neurotransmitter Transporters written by Maarten E. A. Reith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-05-15 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurotransmission is a multicomponent process. Transmitters, released by neuronal activity, act on pre- and postsynaptic receptors, and many books detail advances in the receptor field. In addition, after their release from nerve endings, transmitters are removed from the neuronal vicinity by uptake into neuronal or glial cells by specific tra- porter proteins that have been studied intensely over the last 30 years; this information is scattered throughout numerous publishing vehicles. Therefore, the primary aim of this second edition of N- rotransmitter Transporters: Structure, Function, and Regulation is to offer a comprehensive picture of the characterization of neurotransmitter transporters and their biological roles. The transporter field has moved forward in stages. In the first phase, progress came from the use of substrate or blocker ligands selectively targeting transporters, the application of model systems allowing the study of transmitter tra- port shielded from storage, and the development of mathematical models for describing transport phenomena. In the second phase, roughly covering the last decade, advances in DNA techniques allowed the cloning of numerous genes coding for different transporter proteins. In the current, third stage, a wealth of information is being accumulated in studies relating transporter structure with function, experiments addressing regulation by posttranslational transfor- tion, investigations into transport modulation by trafficking processes and genomic influences, characterization of channel properties of tra- porters by electrophysiological approaches, and the creation of transgenic animals under- or overexpressing a given transporter protein.
Book Synopsis Adult Neurogenesis by : Gerd Kempermann
Download or read book Adult Neurogenesis written by Gerd Kempermann and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2006 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive, integrated account of one of the most exciting areas of neuroscience-the intersection between the discoveries that the adult brain makes new neurons and that it contains stem cells. The book begins with the historical background and discusses theories of adult neurogenesis and neural stem cell biology in the context of learning and memory processes as well as structural plasticity. It describes in detail neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus and olfactory system and then surveys the regulatory, functional, and comparative aspects, concluding with a chapter on the provocative hypotheses that link failing adult neurogenesis with such diseases as temporal lobe epilepsy, major depression, brain tumors, and dementias. This readable, single-authored volume is a unique resource for graduate students, investigators, and clinicians in the neurosciences, developmental biology, and stem cell research.
Book Synopsis Gene Therapy for Neurological Disorders and Brain Tumors by : E. Antonio Chiocca
Download or read book Gene Therapy for Neurological Disorders and Brain Tumors written by E. Antonio Chiocca and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-10-23 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading gene therapy researchers and clinicians illuminate the field-from basic vector technology to current and future clinical applications in neurology. The authoritative contributors provide cutting-edge reviews of the vectors available for gene transfer to the central nervous system, the strategies against CNS tumors, the potential strategies against neurologic disorder, and the limitations of today's gene therapy approaches. Also discussed are significant applications of gene therapy to brain tumors, Parkinson's disease, ischemia, and Huntington's chorea. Readers will learn the current delivery methods for transgenes, will learn the characteristics of transgene delivery vectors, and come to understand the therapy for both neuro-oncologic and neurologic disorders.
