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Neuro Cognitive Impairments And The Criminal Justice System
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Book Synopsis Neuro-cognitive Impairments and the Criminal Justice System by : Petra Jonas Vidovic
Download or read book Neuro-cognitive Impairments and the Criminal Justice System written by Petra Jonas Vidovic and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been growing awareness that persons with cognitive impairments, such as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, (ADHD) experience difficulties functioning in society and more specifically, within the justice system after they come into conflict with the law. Very few studies, however, have focused on how such individuals are treated in the criminal justice system and more specifically, whether the justice system is properly meeting their needs. Impairments, such as FASD and ADHD, are organic brain disorders which the courts often fail to recognize. There is a paucity of research which examines the impact of ADHD and FASD on the accused in the Canadian courtroom. In order to determine whether the presence of ADHD and FASD exerts any effect on the final sentencing disposition in criminal cases, particular attention was paid to the role of judicial interpretation and expert testimony regarding these specific neuro-cognitive impairments. This research presents the findings of an exploratory case analysis of the impact of diagnoses of FASD and ADHD on the sentencing of offenders in the courts of three Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Saskatchewan and Ontario. The major findings reveal that there appears to be an overrepresentation of FASD cases in the Western provinces of British Columbia and Saskatchewan for both youths and adults, when compared with the Eastern province of Ontario. It was also observed that Aboriginal accused with FASD were over-represented in the courts, which was not the case for aboriginal accused with ADHD. Furthermore, when considering sentencing decisions in adult court, judges did not place as much weight on ADHD as they did on FASD. Also, it was observed that more often than not, no formal assessment of FASD was conducted during the court process. It is recommended that, when judges sentence offenders with FASD/ADHD, the focus needs to be placed on changing their living situation or social situation rather than fixating on their behaviour. Providing these individuals with structure, support and treatment - as well as surveillance and enforcement - in the community is more likely to secure a successful outcome for the sentencing process.
Book Synopsis Neurodisability and the Criminal Justice System by : Lansdell, Gaye T.
Download or read book Neurodisability and the Criminal Justice System written by Lansdell, Gaye T. and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thought-provoking book highlights the increasing recognition of the prevalence of neurodisability within criminal justice systems, discussing conditions including intellectual, cognitive and behavioural impairments, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and traumatic and acquired brain injury. International scholars and practitioners demonstrate the extent and complexity of the neurodisability experience and present practical solutions for criminal justice reform.
Book Synopsis Neuro-cognitive Impairments and the Criminal Justice System by :
Download or read book Neuro-cognitive Impairments and the Criminal Justice System written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been growing awareness that persons with cognitive impairments, such as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, (ADHD) experience difficulties functioning in society and more specifically, within the justice system after they come into conflict with the law. Very few studies, however, have focused on how such individuals are treated in the criminal justice system and more specifically, whether the justice system is properly meeting their needs. Impairments, such as FASD and ADHD, are organic brain disorders which the courts often fail to recognize. There is a paucity of research which examines the impact of ADHD and FASD on the accused in the Canadian courtroom. In order to determine whether the presence of ADHD and FASD exerts any effect on the final sentencing disposition in criminal cases, particular attention was paid to the role of judicial interpretation and expert testimony regarding these specific neuro-cognitive impairments. This research presents the findings of an exploratory case analysis of the impact of diagnoses of FASD and ADHD on the sentencing of offenders in the courts of three Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Saskatchewan and Ontario. The major findings reveal that there appears to be an overrepresentation of FASD cases in the Western provinces of British Columbia and Saskatchewan for both youths and adults, when compared with the Eastern province of Ontario. It was also observed that Aboriginal accused with FASD were over-represented in the courts, which was not the case for aboriginal accused with ADHD. Furthermore, when considering sentencing decisions in adult court, judges did not place as much weight on ADHD as they did on FASD. Also, it was observed that more often than not, no formal assessment of FASD was conducted during the court process. It is recommended that, when judges sentence offenders with FASD/ADHD, the focus needs to be placed on changing their living situation or social situation rather than fixating on their behaviour. Providing these individuals with structure, support and treatment - as well as surveillance and enforcement - in the community is more likely to secure a successful outcome for the sentencing process.
Book Synopsis Neurobehavioural Disability and Social Handicap Following Traumatic Brain Injury by : Tom M. McMillan
Download or read book Neurobehavioural Disability and Social Handicap Following Traumatic Brain Injury written by Tom M. McMillan and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-11-12 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Persisting neurobehavioural disability follows many forms of serious brain injury and acts as a major constraint on social independence. Rehabilitation services are often not organised in a way which addresses the needs of people with such disability, and relatively few professionals have experience in the clinical management of complex disability patterns which comprise the neurobehavioural syndrome. This book is a compilation of chapters, written by a group of clinicians with experience of post acute brain injury rehabilitation to ameliorate the social handicap experienced by a growing number of people who survive serious brain injury. The aim of the book is to describe the nature of neurobehavioural disability, how it translates into social handicap, and what can be done to address the problems generated by such handicap, through social and behavioural rehabilitation, vocational training, and family education. Consideration is also given to evaluating post-acute rehabilitation methods and selecting the most appropriate form of rehabilitation, both in terms of clinical and cost effectiveness. The book is aimed at clinical psychologists, psychiatrists and neurologists working in brain injury rehabilitation, plus all the rehabilitation disciplines, and social workers. The book will also be of interest to relatives of brain injured people who are seeking a better knowledge base in order to understand neurobehavioural disability. Additionally, the book should be helpful to the growing number of therapy care assistants, case managers, and support workers, responsible for the day to day care of brain injured people in the community.
Book Synopsis Substance Use, Neurocognitive Deficits, and Criminal Recidivism by : Emily H. Kim
Download or read book Substance Use, Neurocognitive Deficits, and Criminal Recidivism written by Emily H. Kim and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many offenders demonstrate substance use and neurocognitive impairments. Substance use directly impacts executive functioning due to poor impulse control, leading to impaired decision- making. Substance use and neurocognitive deficits also contribute to recidivism. Incarcerated individuals with substance use disorder have higher rates of recidivism, and executive dysfunction has been shown to contribute to recidivism due to low behavioral inhibition skills and deficiency with cognitive flexibility. There is a discontinuity in literature, however, since many studies only investigate either substance use or neurocognitive deficits to predict recidivism. However, it is important to examine the interaction of these factors to predict future criminal behavior. This archival study investigated substance use and neurocognitive functioning on 95 incarcerated individuals to analyze whether recidivism could be predicted. Surprisingly, no significant relationships were found in the current study. It is possible that limitations related to the sample, methods, and statistical validity resulted in these unexpected results. However, the strong theoretical foundation of this study demonstrated that more research should investigate the relationships among substance use, neurocognitive functioning, and criminal recidivism to inform clinical practice and policymaking with those involved in the criminal justice system.
Book Synopsis From Retribution to Public Safety by : William R. Kelly
Download or read book From Retribution to Public Safety written by William R. Kelly and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2017-05-25 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past fifty years, American criminal justice policy has had a nearly singular focus – the relentless pursuit of punishment. Punishment is intuitive, proactive, logical, and simple. But the problem is that despite all of the appeal, logic, and common sense, punishment doesn't work. The majority of crimes committed in the United States are by people who have been through the criminal justice system before, many on multiple occasions. There are two issues that are the primary focus of this book. The first is developing a better approach than simple punishment to actually address crime-related circumstances, deficits and disorders, in order to change offender behavior, reduce recidivism, victimization and cost. And the second issue is how do we do a better job of determining who should be diverted and who should be criminally prosecuted. From Retribution to Public Safety develops a strategy for informed decision making regarding criminal prosecution and diversion. The authors develop procedures for panels of clinical experts to provide prosecutors with recommendations about diversion and intervention. This requires a substantial shift in criminal procedure as well as major reform to the public health system, both of which are discussed in detail. Rather than ask how much punishment is necessary the authors look at how we can best reduce recidivism. In doing so they develop a roadmap to fix a fundamentally flawed system that is wasting massive amounts of public resources to not reducing crime or recidivism.
Book Synopsis People with Cognitive and Mental Health Impairments in the Criminal Justice System by : James Wood
Download or read book People with Cognitive and Mental Health Impairments in the Criminal Justice System written by James Wood and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis People with Cognitive and Mental Health Impairments in the Criminal Justice System by :
Download or read book People with Cognitive and Mental Health Impairments in the Criminal Justice System written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis People with Cognitive and Mental Health Impairments in the Criminal Justice System by :
Download or read book People with Cognitive and Mental Health Impairments in the Criminal Justice System written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis People with Cognitive and Mental Health Impairments in the Criminal Justice System by :
Download or read book People with Cognitive and Mental Health Impairments in the Criminal Justice System written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis People with Cognitive and Mental Health Impairments in the Criminal Justice System by : New South Wales. Law Reform Commission
Download or read book People with Cognitive and Mental Health Impairments in the Criminal Justice System written by New South Wales. Law Reform Commission and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is the second and final report addressing people with cognitive and mental impairments and the criminal justice system. The first report (Report 135) was issued in June 2012 ... The focus of this report, broadly speaking, is on the law relating to people with mental health and/or cognitive impairments who have committed serious offences. We consider fitness to plead, the defence of mental illness, substantial impairment, and infanticide. We also examine the procedures that follow a finding of unfitness or not guilty by reason of mental illness (NGMI), and the management of people who become forensic patients. Further, we consider issues relating to apprehended violence orders against people who have cognitive and/or mental health impairments. We also deal with the retention and destruction of forensic samples taken from people who are diverted, who are found NGMI, or who are unfit and not acquitted at a special hearing (UNA)."--Executive summary.
Book Synopsis Young People with Cognitive and Mental Health Impairments in the Criminal Justice System by : New South Wales. Law Reform Commission
Download or read book Young People with Cognitive and Mental Health Impairments in the Criminal Justice System written by New South Wales. Law Reform Commission and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis People with Cognitive and Mental Health Impairments in the Criminal Justice System by :
Download or read book People with Cognitive and Mental Health Impairments in the Criminal Justice System written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis People with Intellectual and Other Cognitive Disability in the Criminal Justice System by : Eileen Bawdrey
Download or read book People with Intellectual and Other Cognitive Disability in the Criminal Justice System written by Eileen Bawdrey and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report outlines the key findings of a research report conducted by investigators at UNSW on a cohort of 2,371 individuals whose mental health disorders and cognitive disability (MHDCD) diagnoses are known, who have been in prison and whose criminal justice and human service contacts have been compiled into a linked and de-identified dataset (the MHDCD dataset)
Book Synopsis Using Cognitive Neuroscience to Provide a Procedure for the Involuntary Commitment of Violent Criminals as a Part of Or Following the Duration of Their Sentence by : Adam Lamparello
Download or read book Using Cognitive Neuroscience to Provide a Procedure for the Involuntary Commitment of Violent Criminals as a Part of Or Following the Duration of Their Sentence written by Adam Lamparello and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When criminal behavior is the result of impulse rather than intent, neither retribution nor deterrence is in the best interests of the courts, the state, or the offender. The aims of criminal law should be adjusted where neuroscientific evidence reveals brain impairments or injuries that affect volition and control. They should strive, among other things, to: (1) reduce recidivism; (2) predict future dangerousness; and (3) provide rehabilitation to those with brain injuries or impairments. Cognitive neuroscience has provided an important contribution toward achieving these objectives and should have a larger role in our criminal justice system.
Book Synopsis Mental Disorder and Crime by : Sheilagh Hodgins
Download or read book Mental Disorder and Crime written by Sheilagh Hodgins and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1992-12-29 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributors to this volume present and discuss new data which suggest that major mental disorder substantially increases the risk of violent crime. These findings come at a crucial time, since those who suffer from mental disorders are increasingly living in the community, rather than in institutions. The book describes the magnitude and complexity of the problem and offers hope that humane, effective intervention can prevent violent crime being committed by the seriously mentally disordered.
Book Synopsis Oxford Textbook of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia by : Masud Husain
Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia written by Masud Husain and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-29 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the dramatic developments that have occurred in basic neuroscience and clinical research in cognitive neurology and dementia. It is based on the clinical approach to the patient, and provides essential knowledge that is fundamental to clinical practice.
