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Author : Scott Owen Murray
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (65 download)
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Human Shape Perception written by Scott Owen Murray and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms Underlying Core Visual Perception of Objects written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visual perception of objects is a computationally challenging problem and fundamental to human well-being. Extensive previous research has revealed that the inferior temporal cortex (IT), a high-level visual area, is involved in various aspects of visual perception. Yet, little is known about: how IT neural responses to objects support human perception of the objects; and how IT responses are produced from retinal images of objects. The goal of this research is to tackle these two related questions and find out explicit, quantitative mechanisms that describe human core visual perception of objects, a remarkable ability achieved with brief (
Author : Carole M. Filangieri
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781321384161
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (841 download)
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Perception of Three-Dimensional Shape from Texture written by Carole M. Filangieri and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard S. Hunter
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471830061
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (3 download)
Download or read book The Measurement of Appearance written by Richard S. Hunter and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1987-09-08 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of a unique text/reference identifies the appearance attributes of objects and the methods available for measuring them, bringing together much material not previously organized for ready reference. The primary premise here is that ``object appearance'' involves not only color, but such attributes as gloss, luster, and translucency. The first part of the book, concerned with nature of appearance, draws from the fields of physiology and psychology and considers the eye-brain combination and the way it receives and interprets light signals. This is followed by a consideration of the optical properties of objects from the physical standpoint. The second part of the book deals with the numerical scales used to measure object appearance. The discussion here draws on psychophysics in describing the uses of physical techniques to give numbers having psychological significance. The third part of the book covers instruments for the measurement of the attributes of object appearance, their principles of design, and a survey of the major ones in use. The final chapter discusses specific applications of appearance measurement. Includes appendixes and a glossary.
Author : Simon Liversedge
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191626619
Total Pages : 1048 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Eye Movements written by Simon Liversedge and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-08-18 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past few years, there has been an explosion of eye movement research in cognitive science and neuroscience. This has been due to the availability of 'off the shelf' eye trackers, along with software to allow the easy acquisition and analysis of eye movement data. Accompanying this has been a realisation that eye movement data can be informative about many different aspects of perceptual and cognitive processing. Eye movements have been used to examine the visual and cognitive processes underpinning a much broader range of human activities, including, language production, dialogue, human computer interaction, driving behaviour, sporting performance, and emotional states. Finally, in the past thirty years, there have been real advances in our understanding of the neural processes that underpin eye movement behaviour. The Oxford Handbook of Eye Movements provides the first comprehensive review of the entire field of eye movement research. In over fifty chapters, it reviews the developments that have so far taken place, the areas actively being researched, and looks at how the field is likely to devlop in the coming years. The first section considers historical and background material, before moving onto section 2 on the neural basis of eye movements. The third and fourth sections looks at visual cognition and eye movements and eye movement pathology and development. The final sections consider eye movements and reading and language processing and eye movements. Bringing together cutting edge research from and international team of leading psychologists, neuroscientists, and vision researchers, this book is the definitive reference work in this field.
Author : John A. Pyles
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781109154641
Total Pages : 105 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (546 download)
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Dynamic Object Perception written by John A. Pyles and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in a world amidst complex, moving objects. Our brains constantly process dynamic visual input from walking people, driving cars, turning clocks and countless other moving objects we perceive every day, into a myriad of useful information. The aim of the present experiments is to investigate the neural mechanisms of dynamic object perception, both by considering the important category of biological motion perception, as well as more general dynamic object perception. In a first set of experiments, I investigate the selectivity of the brain areas previously correlated with biological motion perception using a new set of novel, articulating objects that appear to be animate (creatures). A second set of experiments investigates the role of ventral cortex in dynamic object perception, specifically searching for areas of cortex that showed invariance for articulatory motion that would suggest .object constancy. In a final set of experiments I investigated the similarity of brain responses on the superior temporal sulcus (STS) for two sets of stimuli previously shown to elicit activity in the same subject population: point-light human actions, and Heider-Simmel type abstract social animations. Together these experiments demonstrate that ventral cortex is recruited during dynamic object perception, and increase our understanding of the neural computations occurring in STSp.
Author : Steven M. Lehar
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135636591
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)
Download or read book The World in Your Head written by Steven M. Lehar and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2003-01-30 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World In Your Head: A Gestalt View of the Mechanism of Conscious Experience represents a bold assault on one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in science: the nature of consciousness and the human mind. Rather than examining the brain and nervous system to see what they tell us about the mind, this book begins with an examination of conscious experience to see what it can tell us about the brain. Through this analysis, the first and most obvious observation is that consciousness appears as a volumetric spatial void, containing colored objects and surfaces. This reveals that the representation in the brain takes the form of an explicit volumetric spatial model of external reality. Therefore, the world we see around us is not the real world itself, but merely a miniature virtual-reality replica of that world in an internal representation. In fact, the phenomena of dreams and hallucinations clearly demonstrate the capacity of the brain to construct complete virtual worlds even in the absence of sensory input. Perception is somewhat like a guided hallucination, based on sensory stimulation. This insight allows us to examine the world of visual experience not as scientists exploring the external world, but as perceptual scientists examining a rich and complex internal representation. This unique approach to investigating mental function has implications in a wide variety of related fields, including the nature of language and abstract thought, and motor control and behavior. It also has implications to the world of music, art, and dance, showing how the patterns of regularity and periodicity in space and time--apparent in those aesthetic domains--reflect the periodic basis set of the underlying harmonic resonance representation in the brain.
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444537538
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)
Download or read book Enhancing Performance for Action and Perception written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-06 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Progess in Brain Research follows on from the 32nd International Symposium of the Groupe de recherche sur le système nerveux central (GRSNC), May 2010, and aims to provide an overview of the various neural mechanisms that contribute to learning new motor and sensory skills, and to adapting to changed circumstances, including the use of devices and implants to substitute for lost sensory or motor abilities (brain machine interfaces). The focus is on recent developments covering five major themes: - Mechanisms to improve motor performance - Neuro-rehabilitation of motor function - Mechanisms to enhance sensory perception - Cross modal interationc for enhancing sensorimotor performance - Assistive technologies to enhance sensorimotor performance - Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation and provide their views and perspectives for future research - Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered - All chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist
Author : Mary A. Peterson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780195347418
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (474 download)
Download or read book Perception of Faces, Objects, and Scenes written by Mary A. Peterson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-05-22 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a barrage of photons, we readily and effortlessly recognize the faces of our friends, and the familiar objects and scenes around us. However, these tasks cannot be simple for our visual systems--faces are all extremely similar as visual patterns, and objects look quite different when viewed from different viewpoints. How do our visual systems solve these problems? The contributors to this volume seek to answer this question by exploring how analytic and holistic processes contribute to our perception of faces, objects, and scenes. The role of parts and wholes in perception has been studied for a century, beginning with the debate between Structuralists, who championed the role of elements, and Gestalt psychologists, who argued that the whole was different from the sum of its parts. This is the first volume to focus on the current state of the debate on parts versus wholes as it exists in the field of visual perception by bringing together the views of the leading researchers. Too frequently, researchers work in only one domain, so they are unaware of the ways in which holistic and analytic processing are defined in different areas. The contributors to this volume ask what analytic and holistic processes are like; whether they contribute differently to the perception of faces, objects, and scenes; whether different cognitive and neural mechanisms code holistic and analytic information; whether a single, universal system can be sufficient for visual-information processing, and whether our subjective experience of holistic perception might be nothing more than a compelling illusion. The result is a snapshot of the current thinking on how the processing of wholes and parts contributes to our remarkable ability to recognize faces, objects, and scenes, and an illustration of the diverse conceptions of analytic and holistic processing that currently coexist, and the variety of approaches that have been brought to bear on the issues.
Author : Viktor Vasil?evich Aleksandrov
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9789810202989
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (29 download)
Download or read book From Humans to Computers written by Viktor Vasil?evich Aleksandrov and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1991 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers computer vision to be an integral part of the artificial intelligence system. The core of the book is an analysis of possible approaches to the creation of artificial vision systems, which simulate human visual perception. Much attention is paid to the latest achievements in visual psychology and physiology, the description of the functional and structural organization of the human perception mechanism, the peculiarities of artistic perception and the expression of reality. Computer vision models based on these data are investigated. They include the processes of external data analysis, internal environmental model synthesis, and the generating of behavioristic responses based on external and internal models comparison. Computer vision system evolution resulting from environmental effects is also considered. A unique feature of this book is the authors' use of black and white, and colour prints of traditional and contemporary Russian art to illustrate their principal theses. In doing so, they introduce the reader to a particularly Russian view of the world.
Author : Simona Monaco
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889450287
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)
Download or read book Perceiving and Acting in the Real World: From Neural Activity to Behavior written by Simona Monaco and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-12-07 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One remarkable ability of the human brain is to process large amounts of information about our surroundings to allow us to interact effectively with them. In everyday life, the most common way to interact with objects is by reaching, grasping, lifting and manipulating them. Although these may sound like simple tasks, the perceptual properties of the target object, such as its location, size, shape, and orientation all need to be processed in order to set the movement parameters that allow an accurate reach-to-grasp-to lift movement. Several brain areas work in concert to process this outstanding amount of visual information and drive the execution of a motor plan in just a few hundred milliseconds. How are these processes orchestrated? In developing this type of comprehensive knowledge about the interactions between objects perception and goal-directed actions, we have a window into the mechanisms underlying the functioning of the visuo-motor system. With this research topic we aim to further understand the neural mechanisms that mediate our interactions with the world. Therefore, we particularly encourage submission of papers that attempt to relate such findings to real-world situations by investigating behavioural and neural correlates of information processing related to eye-hand coordination and visually-guided actions, including reaching, grasping, and lifting movements. This topic welcomes submissions of original research using any relevant techniques and methods, from behavioural kinematics/kinetics, to neuroimaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), as well as neuropsychological studies.
Author : Shaun Gallagher
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191622575
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)
Download or read book How the Body Shapes the Mind written by Shaun Gallagher and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2006-10-12 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the Body Shapes the Mind is an interdisciplinary work that addresses philosophical questions by appealing to evidence found in experimental psychology, neuroscience, studies of pathologies, and developmental psychology. There is a growing consensus across these disciplines that the contribution of embodiment to cognition is inescapable. Because this insight has been developed across a variety of disciplines, however, there is still a need to develop a common vocabulary that is capable of integrating discussions of brain mechanisms in neuroscience, behavioural expressions in psychology, design concerns in artificial intelligence and robotics, and debates about embodied experience in the phenomenology and philosophy of mind. Shaun Gallagher's book aims to contribute to the formulation of that common vocabulary and to develop a conceptual framework that will avoid both the overly reductionistic approaches that explain everything in terms of bottom-up neuronal mechanisms, and inflationistic approaches that explain everything in terms of Cartesian, top-down cognitive states. Gallagher pursues two basic sets of questions. The first set consists of questions about the phenomenal aspects of the structure of experience, and specifically the relatively regular and constant features that we find in the content of our experience. If throughout conscious experience there is a constant reference to one's own body, even if this is a recessive or marginal awareness, then that reference constitutes a structural feature of the phenomenal field of consciousness, part of a framework that is likely to determine or influence all other aspects of experience. The second set of questions concerns aspects of the structure of experience that are more hidden, those that may be more difficult to get at because they happen before we know it. They do not normally enter into the content of experience in an explicit way, and are often inaccessible to reflective consciousness. To what extent, and in what ways, are consciousness and cognitive processes, which include experiences related to perception, memory, imagination, belief, judgement, and so forth, shaped or structured by the fact that they are embodied in this way?
Author : Kerri Johnson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199333858
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)
Download or read book People Watching written by Kerri Johnson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-12-04 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human body has long been a rich source of inspiration for the arts, and artists have long recognized the body's special status. While the scientific study of body perception also has an important history, recent technological advances have triggered an explosion of research on the visual perception of the human body in motion, or as it is traditionally called, biological motion perception. Now reaching a point of burgeoning inter-disciplinary focus, biological motion perception research is poised to transform our understanding of person construal. Indeed, several factors highlight a privileged role for the human body as one of the most critical classes of stimuli affecting social perception. Human bodies in motion, for example, are among the most frequent moving stimulus in our environment. They can be readily perceived at a physical distance or visual vantage that precludes face perception. Moreover, body motion conveys meaningful psychological information such as social categories, emotion state, intentions, and underlying dispositions. Thus, body perception appears to serve as a first-pass filter for a vast array of social judgments from the routine (e.g., perceived friendliness in interactions) to the grave (e.g., perceived threat by law enforcement). This book provides an exciting integration of theory and findings that clarify how the human body is perceived by observers.
Author : Ruth Kimchi
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 0805838724
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (58 download)
Download or read book Perceptual Organization in Vision written by Ruth Kimchi and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding visual perceptual organization remains a challenge for vision science. Perceptual Organization in Vision: Behavioral and Neural Perspectives explores ideas emanating from behavioral, developmental, neuropsychological, neurophysiological, and computational approaches to the problem of perceptual organization. The growing body of research on perceptual organization has converged on a number of critical issues, most of which are addressed in this volume. These include issues concerning the nature and order of organizational processes, the stimulus factors that engage the mechanisms of organization, the developmental stage at which the mechanisms of organization are available, the role of past experience and learning in organization, the neural mechanisms underlying perceptual organization, and the relations between perceptual organization and other cognitive processes, in particular, object recognition and visual attention. Divided into four parts, the book is designed not only to detail the current state of the art in the field but also to promote an interdisciplinary approach to the study of perceptual organization. Part I presents an overview of the problem of perceptual organization, different frameworks for understanding perceptual organization, and a state-of-the-art summary of the domain. Part II details which organizational processes are hardwired in the perceptual system, which are acquired through experience, and how object perception relates to other aspects of cognition. Part III describes various attempts to understand the neural mechanisms underlying perceptual organization using two different approaches--neurophysiological and neuropsychological. Part IV offers a computational approach to the problem. This book is intended for cognitive psychologists, neuroscientists, computational vision scientists, and developmental psychologists.
Author : Jessica Wright
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Position Perception written by Jessica Wright and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visual perception is a reconstruction of the physical visual aspects of the world and subject to various biases, assumptions and noise. One aspect of visual perception is visuospatial localization. Although visual localization is typically accurate, there are various situations where healthy human subjects mislocalize objects, as well as, neurological disorders that alter visual localization behavior. These situations result in differences between the perceived and actual position of an object. These perceptual errors are useful to explore the limitations of visuospatial object localization and provide information on the underlying neural mechanisms of position perception. In particular, the following studies investigated how the brain integrates visual information across a spatially extended stimulus and ultimately results in a final percept of position. This project utilized behavioral and fMRI studies combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in healthy human subjects. These methods allowed us to quantify behavioral errors in localization and examine changes in the BOLD signal (as an indirect measure of changes in neural activity) in potential neural correlates of position perception. In Aim 1 we show that factors such as retinal eccentricity and attentional cues bias localization behavior via alterations of the contribution of specific object components in the integration process. Aim 2 shows that tDCS over posterior parietal cortex (PPC) yields mislocalizations that are consistent with predictions from the interhemispheric competition theory (ICT) of attention. This supports the causal role of PPC in visual spatial localization. Aim 3 extends the results from Aim 2 to show that the BOLD signal changes in PPC predict localization behavior. In addition to novel insights related to position perception, these experiments provide insight into the effects of tDCS on behavior and the interaction of tDCS with the BOLD signal. This work begins to answer how different factors influence position perception and the role of different cortical regions in position perception. This research also has implications for rehabilitation programs for patients with various visual neurological disorders that alter spatial perception.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 776 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (136 download)
Download or read book Perceiving and Acting in the Real World: From Neural Activity to Behavior written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One remarkable ability of the human brain is to process large amounts of information about our surroundings to allow us to interact effectively with them. In everyday life, the most common way to interact with objects is by reaching, grasping, lifting and manipulating them. Although these may sound like simple tasks, the perceptual properties of the target object, such as its location, size, shape, and orientation all need to be processed in order to set the movement parameters that allow an accurate reach-to-grasp-to lift movement. Several brain areas work in concert to process this outstanding amount of visual information and drive the execution of a motor plan in just a few hundred milliseconds. How are these processes orchestrated? In developing this type of comprehensive knowledge about the interactions between objects perception and goal-directed actions, we have a window into the mechanisms underlying the functioning of the visuo-motor system. With this research topic we aim to further understand the neural mechanisms that mediate our interactions with the world. Therefore, we particularly encourage submission of papers that attempt to relate such findings to real-world situations by investigating behavioural and neural correlates of information processing related to eye-hand coordination and visually-guided actions, including reaching, grasping, and lifting movements. This topic welcomes submissions of original research using any relevant techniques and methods, from behavioural kinematics/kinetics, to neuroimaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), as well as neuropsychological studies.One remarkable ability of the human brain is to process large amounts of information about our surroundings to allow us to interact effectively with them. In everyday life, the most common way to interact with objects is by reaching, grasping, lifting and manipulating them. Although these may sound like simple tasks, the perceptual properties of the target object, such as its location, size, shape, and orientation all need to be processed in order to set the movement parameters that allow an accurate reach-to-grasp-to lift movement. Several brain areas work in concert to process this outstanding amount of visual information and drive the execution of a motor plan in just a few hundred milliseconds. How are these processes orchestrated? In developing this type of comprehensive knowledge about the interactions between objects perception and goal-directed actions, we have a window into the mechanisms underlying the functioning of the visuo-motor system. With this research topic we aim to further understand the neural mechanisms that mediate our interactions with the world. Therefore, we particularly encourage submission of papers that attempt to relate such findings to real-world situations by investigating behavioural and neural correlates of information processing related to eye-hand coordination and visually-guided actions, including reaching, grasping, and lifting movements. This topic welcomes submissions of original research using any relevant techniques and methods, from behavioural kinematics/kinetics, to neuroimaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), as well as neuropsychological studies.
