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Author : Felix Michael Brandl
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive Control of Motivated Behavior written by Felix Michael Brandl and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Todd S. Braver
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317326350
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)
Download or read book Motivation and Cognitive Control written by Todd S. Braver and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individuals do not always perform to their full capability on cognitive tasks. When this occurs, the usual explanation is that the individual was not properly motivated. But this begs the important question: How and why does motivation interact with and influence cognitive processing and the control processes that regulate it? What are the underlying mechanisms that govern such interactions? Motivation has been an important component of psychology and neuroscience throughout the history of the field, but has recently been rejuvenated by rapidly accelerating research interest in the nature of motivation-cognition interactions, particularly as they impact control processes and goal-directed behavior. This volume provides an up-to-date snapshot of the state of research in this exciting, expanding area. The contributors to the volume are internationally-renowned researchers that lead the field in conducting groundbreaking studies. Moreover, they represent a variety of research perspectives and traditions: cognitive psychology and neuroscience, animal learning, social, affective, and personality psychology, and development, lifespan, and aging studies. This book summarizes our current state of understanding of the relationship between motivation and cognitive control, and serves as an essential reference for both students and researchers.
Author : Tobias Egner
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118920546
Total Pages : 629 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)
Download or read book The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Control written by Tobias Egner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering basic theory, new research, and intersections with adjacent fields, this is the first comprehensive reference work on cognitive control – our ability to use internal goals to guide thought and behavior. Draws together expert perspectives from a range of disciplines, including cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, and neurology Covers behavioral phenomena of cognitive control, neuroanatomical and computational models of frontal lobe function, and the interface between cognitive control and other mental processes Explores the ways in which cognitive control research can inform and enhance our understanding of brain development and neurological and psychiatric conditions
Author : Eleanor H. Simpson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319269356
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)
Download or read book Behavioral Neuroscience of Motivation written by Eleanor H. Simpson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the current status of research in the neurobiology of motivated behaviors in humans and other animals in healthy condition. This includes consideration of the psychological processes that drive motivated behavior and the anatomical, electrophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms which drive these processes and regulate behavioural output. The volume also includes chapters on pathological disturbances in motivation including apathy, or motivational deficit as well as addictions, the pathological misdirection of motivated behavior. As with the chapters on healthy motivational processes, the chapters on disease provide a comprehensive up to date review of the neurobiological abnormalities that underlie motivation, as determined by studies of patient populations as well as animal models of disease. The book closes with a section on recent developments in treatments for motivational disorders.
Author : Sung-il Kim
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 178635473X
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (863 download)
Download or read book Recent Developments in Neuroscience Research on Human Motivation written by Sung-il Kim and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2016-12-13 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides new insight into motivation theory by integrating noteworthy neuroscience research findings on motivation. This volume is dedicated to advancing our understanding of brain mechanisms of underlying motivational phenomena, including reward, approach, autonomy, intrinsic motivation, learning, effort, curiosity, and self-control.
Author : Andras Csillag
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832504930
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive Control and Emotion in Birds written by Andras Csillag and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-14 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Thomas Parr
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262362287
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)
Download or read book Active Inference written by Thomas Parr and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-03-29 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive treatment of active inference, an integrative perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior used across multiple disciplines. Active inference is a way of understanding sentient behavior—a theory that characterizes perception, planning, and action in terms of probabilistic inference. Developed by theoretical neuroscientist Karl Friston over years of groundbreaking research, active inference provides an integrated perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior that is increasingly used across multiple disciplines including neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy. Active inference puts the action into perception. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of active inference, covering theory, applications, and cognitive domains. Active inference is a “first principles” approach to understanding behavior and the brain, framed in terms of a single imperative to minimize free energy. The book emphasizes the implications of the free energy principle for understanding how the brain works. It first introduces active inference both conceptually and formally, contextualizing it within current theories of cognition. It then provides specific examples of computational models that use active inference to explain such cognitive phenomena as perception, attention, memory, and planning.
Author : Debbie Yee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Motivational Incentive Integration and Cognitive Control written by Debbie Yee and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motivational incentives play a central role in human decision-making and the pursuit of behavioral and cognitive task goals [1,2]. Moreover, the ability to integrate diverse incentives to modulate goal pursuit is essential for healthy cognitive function. A potential mechanism of motivational influence may be via cognitive control, the set of processes that coordinate and regulate cognition and action based on currently maintained goals [3,4]. However, it is currently unknown whether and how different types of incentives are combined in the brain to modulate cognitive control, and how this putative integrated value signal influences goal-directed behavior. In the current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we utilized an innovative incentive integration task paradigm that establishes dissociable and additive effects of liquid (e.g., juice, neutral, saltwater) and monetary incentives on cognitive task performance, and applied innovative fMRI analysis approaches to elucidate the neural mechanisms that underlie the interaction between motivational and cognitive control process. First, we applied univariate parcel-based approaches to test whether a priori regions of interest (e.g., ventromedial prefrontal cortex, striatum, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) represented the integrated value of the 'bundled incentives', and whether these regions were also associated with variability in cognitive task performance (Aim 1). Second, we applied representational similarity analysis - an innovative multivariate approach - to test whether and how the combined values from diverse motivational incentives are represented in the similarity of neural patterns in fMRI BOLD activity (Aim 2). Moreover, we aimed to examine whether such multivariate approaches were more sensitive to motivational incentive effects compared to univariate approaches, or alternatively provided complementary information to the univariate results in motivational incentive effects. This is the first study, to our knowledge, that investigates the neural mechanisms underlying whether and how value integration of primary/consummatory and secondary/abstract incentives in a cognitive control context guide goal-directed behavior. Importantly, these results provide critical knowledge into the basic neural mechanisms underlying interactions between motivational incentive integration and cognitive control, which can inform subsequent hypotheses about neuromodulatory influences (e.g., dopamine) in such interactions, as well as inform key predictions about targeted neural mechanisms in age-related changes in motivation-cognition interactions as well as maladaptive motivational processes in psychopathology (e.g., depression, addiction).
Author : K. Ann Renninger
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316832473
Total Pages : 1172 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (168 download)
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Motivation and Learning written by K. Ann Renninger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 1172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leading researchers in educational and social psychology, learning science, and neuroscience, this edited volume is suitable for a wide-academic readership. It gives definitions of key terms related to motivation and learning alongside developed explanations of significant findings in the field. It also presents cohesive descriptions concerning how motivation relates to learning, and produces a novel and insightful combination of issues and findings from studies of motivation and/or learning across the authors' collective range of scientific fields. The authors provide a variety of perspectives on motivational constructs and their measurement, which can be used by multiple and distinct scientific communities, both basic and applied.
Author : Anthony Landreth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (191 download)
Download or read book Far Beyond Driven written by Anthony Landreth and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a dissertation on motivation and what in the brain is responsible for it. In this dissertation, I argue that the mechanisms of motivational states are a specific sort of process in the brain: a model-driven reinforcement learning process. Motivational states, through instrumental action, enable us to deactivate them. Thus, motivation's mechanism is self-terminating. Motivational states direct thought and behavior. I pick out neural mechanisms of motivated thought by elaborating a theory of internal models developed by Rick Grush. Evidence from neuroscience suggests that motivation's directional capacity is dependent on reinforcement learning mechanisms in the brain that control phasic dopamine. I therefore attempt to show that mechanisms of reinforcement learning control internal models. Motivation also energizes behavior. In part, this function depends on motivation mechanisms taking control of sensorimotor systems. It would appear that tonic dopamine, whose production may depend on phasic dopamine, regulates our performance drive. But complete understanding of how motivation mechanisms can take control of sensorimotor (and cognitive resources), an explanation of how motivation mechanisms get turned on, compete, and coordinate with each other must be given. I argue that the turning on and off of motivation depends on internal time-keeping mechanisms, and that motivational states compete through motivation mechanisms' mutual-inhibition. Colloquially, we describe motivation with terms like desire and intention. In this dissertation, I show that theories of desire and intention can be unified with a theory of motivation mechanisms. Following Timothy Schroeder, I argue that reinforcement mechanisms in the brain are mechanisms of desire. Following Elisabeth Pacherie, I argue that the content of intentions depends on model-driven control. I conclude with a theory of pleasure, where I argue that the hedonic content of pleasant and unpleasant experiences depends on reward and punishment. I show how the valence of emotional feelings, being tinged with pleasant or unpleasant qualities, fits with this picture of pleasure. Then, I argue that pleasure can affect motivation in two respects: (1) as part of the normal operation of any particular motivational state, or (2) as part of the operation of a higher-order desire mechanism.
Author : Francisco Aboitiz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540705732
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)
Download or read book From Attention to Goal-Directed Behavior written by Francisco Aboitiz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-21 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attention is a key psychological construct in the understanding of human cognition, and the target of enormous efforts to elucidate its physiological mechanisms, as the wealth of literature—both primary and secondary—attests (for recent compilations see Itti, Rees, & Tsotsos, 2005; Paletta & Rome, 2008; Posner, 2004). But in addition to asking what attention actually is, decomposing and analyzing its varieties, or delimiting its neurobiological mechanisms and effects, in this volume we want to explore attention somewhat differently. We believe that a full-fledged theory of attention must consider its workings in the context of motivated, goal-directed, and environmentally constrained organisms. That attention is related to goal-directed behavior is not news. What the contri- tions to this volume do suggest, however, is the existence of fundamental links between attention and two key processes that are crucial for adapted conduct: go- directed behavior and cognitive control. Importantly, they show that these relations can be explored at multiple levels, including neurodynamical, neurochemical, evo- tionary, and clinical aspects, and that in doing so multiple methodological challenges arise that are worth considering and pursuing. The reader will find here, therefore, a selection of contributions that range from basic mechanisms of attention at the n- ronal level to developmental aspects of cognitive control and its impairments. Another trend that will become evident is that, in different ways, the authors stress the need to understand these issues as they unfold in natural behavior (both healthy and pathological), thus arguing for a more ecological approach to these questions.
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080540104
Total Pages : 481 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Quantification of Brain Function Using PET written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-07-17 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional imaging of the brain is one of the most rapidly advancing areas of neuroscience and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) plays a major role in this progress. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of PET and state-of-the-art neuroimaging. It is comprised of summaries of the presentations by experts in the field. Topics covered include radiotracer selection, advances in instrumentation, image reconstruction and data analysis, and statistical mapping of brain activity. This book focuses on the accuracy of the functional image and the strategies for addressing clinical, scientific, and diagnostic questions. Covers the PET imaging process from tracer selection to analysis and interpretation Contains 79 concise reports with abundant illustrations The definitive state-of-the-art book for functional neuroscience with PET
Author : D.W. Pfaff
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461256925
Total Pages : 481 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)
Download or read book The Physiological Mechanisms of Motivation written by D.W. Pfaff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To scientists engaged in research on the cellular mechanisms in the mammalian brain, concepts of "motivation" seem to be a logical neces sity, even if they are not fashionable. Immersed in the detailed, time consuming research required to deal with mammalian nerve cells, we usually pay scant attention to the more global brain -behavior questions that have arisen from decades of biological and psychological studies. We felt it was time to confront these issues-namely, how far has neuro biological investigation come in uncovering mechanisms by which moti vational signals influence behavior? At Rockefeller University, we have recently held a course on this subject. We restricted our treatment to those motivational systems most tractable to physiological approaches, and invited scientists skilled in both behavioral issues and physiological techniques to participate. This volume results from that course. The deans and administration at Rockefeller University provided much help in planning the course, and the staff of Springer-Verlag assisted in planning the book. Gabriele Zummer helped organize both the course and the processing of book chapters. They all deserve our thanks. December 1981 Donald W. Pfaff Professor of Neurobiology and Behavior Rockefeller University Contents Part One: Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 1 Donald W. Pfaff Motivational Concepts: Definitions and Distinctions . . . . . . . . . . 3 Motivation: A Brief Review of Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Reinforcement, Reward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Incentive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Arousal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Emotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Motivation Is a Unitary Behavioral Concept with Multiple Neurophysiological Mechanisms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Chapter 2 Alan N.
Author : Pedro Morgado
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889457745
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)
Download or read book The Impact of Stress on Cognition and Motivation written by Pedro Morgado and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stress has a broad impact on animals’ behavior, profoundly affects brain regions involved on cognition and motivation and, when maladaptive, is also a trigger for neuropsychiatric disorders. This book focuses on advances in understanding how stressful events impact cognition and motivation, and the neural mechanisms that mediate their effects. Additionally, this book seeks to highlight the most recent efforts to identify individual factors that can alter an organism’s response to stressful stimuli, and to describe pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that can mitigate the deleterious effects of stress on cognition and motivation.
Author : Katherine E. Powers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (884 download)
Download or read book Cognitive and Neural Mechanisms of Social Motivation written by Katherine E. Powers and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for social connection is a pervasive and powerful human drive. When this fundamental need is not fulfilled, people place greater emphasis on forming social bonds and are motivated to behave in ways consistent with accomplishing these social goals. The present thesis leverages knowledge of the specific cognitive and neural mechanisms involved in the processing of nonsocial rewards and related motivational behaviors to examine how social interactions may similarly be conceptualized as a class of rewards responsible for shaping instrumental learning and evoking approach behaviors. In nonsocial domains, the rewarding properties of stimuli are crucially involved in the development and implementation of goal-directed behaviors, and function to guide animals towards resources that can satisfy unmet needs. Previous research has identified a specific set of brain regions (i.e., the mesolimbic dopamine circuit including the ventral striatum) that are responsible for coding information about rewards and facilitating learned associations between cues and subsequent rewards. The experiments described here provide evidence that 1) the same neural mechanism that facilitates associative learning and reward detection in nonsocial domains similarly functions in the social domain, 2) activity in this neural system tracks the motivational relevance of social stimuli, and 3) these motivational influences bias the perception and interpretation of social cues. Taken together, these results suggest that the neural reward system is highly attuned to social context and functions to advantageously support social relations by translating the value of social cues into motivated action.
Author : David Badre
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691240140
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)
Download or read book On Task written by David Badre and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-02-22 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A look at the extraordinary ways the brain turns thoughts into actions—and how this shapes our everyday lives Why is it hard to text and drive at the same time? How do you resist eating that extra piece of cake? Why does staring at a tax form feel mentally exhausting? Why can your child expertly fix the computer and yet still forget to put on a coat? From making a cup of coffee to buying a house to changing the world around them, humans are uniquely able to execute necessary actions. How do we do it? Or in other words, how do our brains get things done? In On Task, cognitive neuroscientist David Badre presents the first authoritative introduction to the neuroscience of cognitive control—the remarkable ways that our brains devise sophisticated actions to achieve our goals. We barely notice this routine part of our lives. Yet, cognitive control, also known as executive function, is an astonishing phenomenon that has a profound impact on our well-being. Drawing on cutting-edge research, vivid clinical case studies, and examples from daily life, Badre sheds light on the evolution and inner workings of cognitive control. He examines issues from multitasking and willpower to habitual errors and bad decision making, as well as what happens as our brains develop in childhood and change as we age—and what happens when cognitive control breaks down. Ultimately, Badre shows that cognitive control affects just about everything we do. A revelatory look at how billions of neurons collectively translate abstract ideas into concrete plans, On Task offers an eye-opening investigation into the brain’s critical role in human behavior.
Author : Raymond J. Dolan
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123814316
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)
Download or read book Neuroscience of Preference and Choice written by Raymond J. Dolan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most pressing questions in neuroscience, psychology and economics today is how does the brain generate preferences and make choices? With a unique interdisciplinary approach, this volume is among the first to explore the cognitive and neural mechanisms mediating the generation of the preferences that guide choice. From preferences determining mundane purchases, to social preferences influencing mating choice, through to moral decisions, the authors adopt diverse approaches to answer the question. Chapters explore the instability of preferences and the common neural processes that occur across preferences. Edited by one of the world's most renowned cognitive neuroscientists, each chapter is authored by an expert in the field, with a host of international contributors. Emphasis on common process underlying preference generation makes material applicable to a variety of disciplines - neuroscience, psychology, economics, law, philosophy, etc. Offers specific focus on how preferences are generated to guide decision making, carefully examining one aspect of the broad field of neuroeconomics and complementing existing volumes Features outstanding, international scholarship, with chapters written by an expert in the topic area
