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Networking History
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Book Synopsis Networking History by : Hilton L. Root
Download or read book Networking History written by Hilton L. Root and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-19 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Root shows how the tools of network analysis can be used to understand great transitions in global economic history.
Book Synopsis How Not to Network a Nation by : Benjamin Peters
Download or read book How Not to Network a Nation written by Benjamin Peters and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-03-25 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How, despite thirty years of effort, Soviet attempts to build a national computer network were undone by socialists who seemed to behave like capitalists. Between 1959 and 1989, Soviet scientists and officials made numerous attempts to network their nation—to construct a nationwide computer network. None of these attempts succeeded, and the enterprise had been abandoned by the time the Soviet Union fell apart. Meanwhile, ARPANET, the American precursor to the Internet, went online in 1969. Why did the Soviet network, with top-level scientists and patriotic incentives, fail while the American network succeeded? In How Not to Network a Nation, Benjamin Peters reverses the usual cold war dualities and argues that the American ARPANET took shape thanks to well-managed state subsidies and collaborative research environments and the Soviet network projects stumbled because of unregulated competition among self-interested institutions, bureaucrats, and others. The capitalists behaved like socialists while the socialists behaved like capitalists. After examining the midcentury rise of cybernetics, the science of self-governing systems, and the emergence in the Soviet Union of economic cybernetics, Peters complicates this uneasy role reversal while chronicling the various Soviet attempts to build a “unified information network.” Drawing on previously unknown archival and historical materials, he focuses on the final, and most ambitious of these projects, the All-State Automated System of Management (OGAS), and its principal promoter, Viktor M. Glushkov. Peters describes the rise and fall of OGAS—its theoretical and practical reach, its vision of a national economy managed by network, the bureaucratic obstacles it encountered, and the institutional stalemate that killed it. Finally, he considers the implications of the Soviet experience for today's networked world.
Book Synopsis Computer Network Architectures and Protocols by : Carl A. Sunshine
Download or read book Computer Network Architectures and Protocols written by Carl A. Sunshine and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book about the bricks and mortar from which are built those edifices that will permeate the emerging information society of the future-computer networks. For many years such computer networks have played an indirect role in our daily lives as the hidden servants of banks, airlines, and stores. Now they are becoming more visible as they enter our offices and homes and directly become part of our work, entertainment, and daily living. The study of how computer networks function is a combined study of communication theory and computer science, two disciplines appearing to have very little in common. The modern communication scientist wishing to work in this area soon finds that solving the traditional problems of transmission, modulation, noise immunity, and error bounds in getting the signal from one point to another is just the beginning of the challenge. The communication must be in the right form to be routed properly, to be handled without congestion, and to be understood at various points in the network. As for the computer scientist, he finds that his discipline has also changed. The fraction of computers that belong to networks is increasing all the time. And for a typical single computer, the fraction of its execution load, storage occupancy, and system management problems that are in volved with being part of a network is also growing.
Book Synopsis A History of International Research Networking by : Howard Davies
Download or read book A History of International Research Networking written by Howard Davies and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-04-26 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book written and edited by the people who developed the Internet, this book deals with the history of creating universal protocols and a global data transfer network. The result is THE authoritative source on the topic, providing a vast amount of insider knowledge unavailable elsewhere. Despite the huge number of contributors, the text is uniform in style and level, and of interest to every scientist and a must-have for all network developers as well as agencies dealing with the Net.
Download or read book Pull written by Pamela Walker Laird and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2006-01-30 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In retelling success stories from Benjamin Franklin to Andrew Carnegie to Bill Gates, Laird goes beyond personality, upbringing, and social skills to reveal the critical common key--access to circles that control and distribute opportunity and information. She contrasts how Americans have prospered--or not--with how we have talked about prospering.
Download or read book Network Nation written by Richard R. John and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2015-10-05 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The telegraph and the telephone were the first electrical communications networks to become hallmarks of modernity. Yet they were not initially expected to achieve universal accessibility. In this pioneering history of their evolution, Richard R. John demonstrates how access to these networks was determined not only by technological imperatives and economic incentives but also by political decision making at the federal, state, and municipal levels. In the decades between the Civil War and the First World War, Western Union and the Bell System emerged as the dominant providers for the telegraph and telephone. Both operated networks that were products not only of technology and economics but also of a distinctive political economy. Western Union arose in an antimonopolistic political economy that glorified equal rights and vilified special privilege. The Bell System flourished in a progressive political economy that idealized public utility and disparaged unnecessary waste. The popularization of the telegraph and the telephone was opposed by business lobbies that were intent on perpetuating specialty services. In fact, it wasnÕt until 1900 that the civic ideal of mass access trumped the elitist ideal of exclusivity in shaping the commercialization of the telephone. The telegraph did not become widely accessible until 1910, sixty-five years after the first fee-for-service telegraph line opened in 1845. Network Nation places the history of telecommunications within the broader context of American politics, business, and discourse. This engrossing and provocative book persuades us of the critical role of political economy in the development of new technologies and their implementation.
Download or read book Network Nations written by Michele Hilmes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-23 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Network Nations, Michele Hilmes reveals and re-conceptualizes the roots of media globalization through a historical look at the productive transnational cultural relationship between British and American broadcasting. Though frequently painted as opposites--the British public service tradition contrasting with the American commercial system--in fact they represent two sides of the same coin. Neither could have developed without the constant presence of the other, in terms not only of industry and policy but of aesthetics, culture, and creativity, despite a long history of oppositional rhetoric. Based on primary research in British and American archives, Network Nations argues for a new transnational approach to media history, looking across the traditional national boundaries within which media is studied to encourage an awareness that media globalization has a long and fruitful history. Placing media history in the framework of theories of nationalism and national identity, Hilmes examines critical episodes of transnational interaction between the US and Britain, from radio’s amateurs to the relationship between early network heads; from the development of radio features and drama to television spy shows and miniseries; as each other’s largest suppliers of programming and as competitors on the world stage; and as a network of creative, business, and personal relationships that has rarely been examined, but that shapes television around the world. As the global circuits of television grow and as global regions, particularly Europe, attempt to define a common culture, the historical role played by the British/US media dialogue takes on new significance.
Book Synopsis From Counterculture to Cyberculture by : Fred Turner
Download or read book From Counterculture to Cyberculture written by Fred Turner and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-10-15 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1960s, computers haunted the American popular imagination. Bleak tools of the cold war, they embodied the rigid organization and mechanical conformity that made the military-industrial complex possible. But by the 1990s—and the dawn of the Internet—computers started to represent a very different kind of world: a collaborative and digital utopia modeled on the communal ideals of the hippies who so vehemently rebelled against the cold war establishment in the first place. From Counterculture to Cyberculture is the first book to explore this extraordinary and ironic transformation. Fred Turner here traces the previously untold story of a highly influential group of San Francisco Bay–area entrepreneurs: Stewart Brand and the Whole Earth network. Between 1968 and 1998, via such familiar venues as the National Book Award–winning Whole Earth Catalog, the computer conferencing system known as WELL, and, ultimately, the launch of the wildly successful Wired magazine, Brand and his colleagues brokered a long-running collaboration between San Francisco flower power and the emerging technological hub of Silicon Valley. Thanks to their vision, counterculturalists and technologists alike joined together to reimagine computers as tools for personal liberation, the building of virtual and decidedly alternative communities, and the exploration of bold new social frontiers. Shedding new light on how our networked culture came to be, this fascinating book reminds us that the distance between the Grateful Dead and Google, between Ken Kesey and the computer itself, is not as great as we might think.
Book Synopsis The Battle of Prokhorovka by : Christopher A. Lawrence
Download or read book The Battle of Prokhorovka written by Christopher A. Lawrence and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-06-01 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Battle of Kursk was one of the defining moments of World War II. In July 1943, German forces under Erich von Manstein--one of Germany’s best generals--launched a massive attack in an offensive code-named Citadel. A week later, the Soviets counterattacked, sparking a huge clash of tanks at Prokhorovka, the largest armor battle in history, pitting more than 600 Soviet tanks against some 300 German panzers. Though the Germans gained a tactical victory, destroying huge numbers of Soviet tanks, they failed to achieve their objectives, and in the end the battle marked a turning point on the Eastern Front. The Red Army gained the strategic initiative and would not lose it.
Book Synopsis Social Network Analysis by : Christina Prell
Download or read book Social Network Analysis written by Christina Prell and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2011-10-26 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in a world that is paradoxically both small and vast; each of us is embedded in local communities and yet we are only a few 'links' away from anyone else in the world. This engaging book represents these interdependencies' positive and negative consequences, their multiple effects and the ways in which a local occurrence in one part of the world can directly affect the rest. Then it demonstrates precisely how these interactions and relationships form. This is a book for the social network novice learning how to study, think about and analyse social networks; the intermediate user, not yet familiar with some of the newer developments in the field; and the teacher looking for a range of exercises, as well as an up-to-date historical account of the field. It is divided into three clear sections: 1. historical & Background Concepts 2. Levels of Analysis 3. Advances, Extensions and Conclusions The book provides a full overview of the field - historical origins, common theoretical perspectives and frameworks; traditional and current analytical procedures and fundamental mathematical equations needed to get a foothold in the field. Available with Perusall—an eBook that makes it easier to prepare for class Perusall is an award-winning eBook platform featuring social annotation tools that allow students and instructors to collaboratively mark up and discuss their SAGE textbook. Backed by research and supported by technological innovations developed at Harvard University, this process of learning through collaborative annotation keeps your students engaged and makes teaching easier and more effective. Learn more.
Book Synopsis ANCIENT & MEDIEVAL INDIAN HISTORY BY IAS NETWORK by : IAS NETWORK
Download or read book ANCIENT & MEDIEVAL INDIAN HISTORY BY IAS NETWORK written by IAS NETWORK and published by IAS NETWORK. This book was released on with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ancient & Medieval Indian History Notes
Book Synopsis MODERN INDIAN HISTORY NOTES BY IAS NETWORK by : IAS.NETWORK
Download or read book MODERN INDIAN HISTORY NOTES BY IAS NETWORK written by IAS.NETWORK and published by IAS NETWORK. This book was released on with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Indian History Notes, To The Point Notes
Book Synopsis THE CULPER RING: The History of The American Revolutionary War's Spy Network by : History Titans
Download or read book THE CULPER RING: The History of The American Revolutionary War's Spy Network written by History Titans and published by Creek Ridge Publishing. This book was released on 2021-08-19 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of the Culper Ring wasn’t always as well-known as it is now, which was due to much of the information about it being classified for a long time. It wasn’t until the 20th century that the public gained insight into the existence and activities of this spy network. Since then, the Culper Ring has been the object of scholarly study and discussion, especially in the US. In time, we’ve learned about the ring’s founders, the context of its emergence, its key operatives, methods, and successes. This is a story that weaves its way through a relatively short but decisive period in American history. Behind the main events and the history that everyone is familiar with, the story of the Culper Ring is like a seldom-told chapter that serves as an important piece of the puzzle, regardless of how it might often be overlooked. That is, however, the story that this book will recount in a concise manner so that you can remind yourself of the revolutionary heroes that went unsung for a long time.
Book Synopsis Connections and Content by : Mark Monmonier
Download or read book Connections and Content written by Mark Monmonier and published by ESRI Press. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cartographic cogitator Mark Monmonier shares his insights about the relationships between networks and maps in a collection of essays.
Book Synopsis Times Change: a History of the Network of Sacred Heart Schools by : Susan Putman Maxwell RSCJ
Download or read book Times Change: a History of the Network of Sacred Heart Schools written by Susan Putman Maxwell RSCJ and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2017-08-04 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Times Change is an apt description of the developments in schools of the Society of the Sacred Heart and other Catholic schools throughout the world in the era since the Second Vatican Council of the Catholic Church. In this book, the author, who has played a significant role in these developments, offers her memoir of the turbulence and the triumphs of this piece of educational history. She traces the development of the vision statement of Sacred Heart education against the background of the educational philosophy of the society.
Book Synopsis Developing IP Multicast Networks by : Beau Williamson
Download or read book Developing IP Multicast Networks written by Beau Williamson and published by Cisco Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive guide to designing and deploying Cisco IP multicast networks Clear explanations of the concepts and underlying mechanisms of IP multicasting, from the fundamentals to advanced design techniques Concepts and techniques are reinforced through real-world network examples, each clearly illustrated in a step-by-step manner with detailed drawings Detailed coverage of PIM State Rules that govern Cisco router behavior In-depth information on IP multicast addressing, distribution trees, and multicast routing protocols Discussions of the common multimedia applications and how to deploy them Developing IP Multicast Networks, Volume I, covers an area of networking that is rapidly being deployed in many enterprise and service provider networks to support applications such as audio and videoconferencing, distance learning, and data replication. The concepts used in IP multicasting are unlike any other network protocol, making this book a critical tool for networking professionals who are implementing this technology. This book provides a solid foundation of basic IP multicast concepts, as well as the information needed to actually design and deploy IP multicast networks. Using examples of common network topologies, author Beau Williamson discusses the issues that network engineers face when trying to manage traffic flow.Developing IP Multicast Networks, Volume I, includes an in-depth discussion of the PIM protocol used in Cisco routers and detailed coverage of the rules that control the creation and maintenance of Cisco mroute state entries. The result is a comprehensive guide to the development and deployment of IP multicast networks using Cisco routers and switches.
Book Synopsis The Early History of Data Networks by : Gerard J. Holzmann
Download or read book The Early History of Data Networks written by Gerard J. Holzmann and published by Wiley-IEEE Computer Society Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of us would consider the emergence of large-scale communication networks to be a twentieth-century phenomenon. The first nationwide data networks, however, were built almost two hundred years ago. At the end of the eighteenth century, well before the electromagnetic telegraph was invented, many countries in Europe had fully operational data communications systems, with altogether close to one thousand network stations. This book gives a fascinating glimpse of the many documented attempts throughout history to develop effective means for long-distance communications. The oldest attempts date back to millennia before Christ, and include ingenious uses of homing pigeons, mirrors, flags, torches, and beacons. The book then shows how Claude Chappe, a French clergyman, started the information revolution in 1794, with the design and construction of the first true telegraph network in France. Another chapter contains the first English translation of a remarkable document on the design of optical telegraphs networks, originally written in 1796 by the Swedish nobleman Abraham Niclas Edelcrantz.
