Negations

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What is Negation?

Author : Dov M. Gabbay
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792355694
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (556 download)

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Book Synopsis What is Negation? by : Dov M. Gabbay

Download or read book What is Negation? written by Dov M. Gabbay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-03-31 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The properties of negation, in combination with those of other logical operations and structural features of the deductibility relation, serve as gateways among logical systems. Negation therefore plays an important role in selecting logical systems for particular applications. This volume provides a thorough treatment of this concept, based on contributions written by authors from various branches of logic. The resulting 14 research papers address a variety of topics including negation in relevant logics; a defense of dialetheic theory of negation; stable negation in logic programming; antirealism and falsity; and negation, denial, and language change in philosophical logic. Suited to scholars and graduate students in the fields of philosophy, logic mathematics, computer science, and linguistics. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Constructive Negations and Paraconsistency

Author : Sergei Odintsov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402068670
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Constructive Negations and Paraconsistency by : Sergei Odintsov

Download or read book Constructive Negations and Paraconsistency written by Sergei Odintsov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-19 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is an account of recent investigations into the two main concepts of negation developed in the constructive logic: the negation as reduction to absurdity, and the strong negation. These concepts are studied in the setting of paraconsistent logic.

Negation and Negative Dependencies

Author : Hedde Zeijlstra
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198833237
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Negation and Negative Dependencies by : Hedde Zeijlstra

Download or read book Negation and Negative Dependencies written by Hedde Zeijlstra and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-10 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a novel overarching account of negation and negative dependencies, based on novel data from language variation, language acquisition, and language change. Negation is a universal property of natural language, but languages can significantly differ in how they express it:there is variation in the form and position of negative elements, the number of manifestations of negative morphemes, and in the restrictions on the use of Negative and Positive Polarity Items. In this volume, Hedde Zeijlstra explores the hypothesis that all known syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, andlexical ways of encoding dependencies should be also be attested in the domain of negation, unless they are independently ruled out. He shows that the pluriform landscape of negative dependencies and markers of negation that emerges has broader implications for theories of syntax and semantics andtheir interface.

What is Negation?

Author : Dov M. Gabbay
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401593094
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis What is Negation? by : Dov M. Gabbay

Download or read book What is Negation? written by Dov M. Gabbay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notion of negation is one of the central logical notions. It has been studied since antiquity and has been subjected to thorough investigations in the development of philosophical logic, linguistics, artificial intelligence and logic programming. The properties of negation-in combination with those of other logical operations and structural features of the deducibility relation-serve as gateways among logical systems. Therefore negation plays an important role in selecting logical systems for particular applications. At the moment negation is a 'hot topic', and there is an urgent need for a comprehensive account of this logical key concept. We therefore have asked leading scholars in various branches of logic to contribute to a volume on "What is Negation?". The result is the present neatly focused collection of re search papers bringing together different approaches toward a general characteri zation of kinds of negation and classifications thereof. The volume is structured into four interrelated thematic parts. Part I is centered around the themes of Models, Relevance and Impossibility. In Chapter 1 (Negation: Two Points of View), Arnon Avron develops two characteri zations of negation, one semantic the other proof-theoretic. Interestingly and maybe provokingly, under neither of these accounts intuitionistic negation emerges as a genuine negation. J. Michael Dunn in Chapter 2 (A Comparative Study of Various Model-theoretic Treatments of Negation: A History of Formal Negation) surveys a detailed correspondence-theoretic classifcation of various notions of negation in terms of properties of a binary relation interpreted as incompatibility.

Negation

Author : Heinrich Wansing
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110876809
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Negation by : Heinrich Wansing

Download or read book Negation written by Heinrich Wansing and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2010-11-05 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Negation: A Notion in Focus (Perspectives in Analytical Philosophy, Bd 7).

Expression and Interpretation of Negation

Author : Henriëtte de Swart
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048131634
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Expression and Interpretation of Negation by : Henriëtte de Swart

Download or read book Expression and Interpretation of Negation written by Henriëtte de Swart and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-03 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study in cross-linguistic semantics deploys the framework of bi-directional Optimality Theory to develop a typology of the relationship between syntax and semantics in negation markers and negation indefinites.

The Oxford Handbook of Negation

Author : Viviane Déprez
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019256627X
Total Pages : 955 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Negation by : Viviane Déprez

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Negation written by Viviane Déprez and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 955 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, international experts in negation provide a comprehensive overview of cross-linguistic and philosophical research in the field, as well as accounts of more recent results from experimental linguistics, psycholinguistics, and neuroscience. The volume adopts an interdisciplinary approach to a range of fundamental questions ranging from why negation displays so many distinct linguistic forms to how prosody and gesture participate in the interpretation of negative utterances. Following an introduction from the editors, the chapters are arranged in eight parts that explore, respectively, the fundamentals of negation; issues in syntax; the syntax-semantics interface; semantics and pragmatics; negative dependencies; synchronic and diachronic variation; the emergence and acquisition of negation; and experimental investigations of negation. The volume will be an essential reference for students and researchers across a wide range of disciplines, and will facilitate further interdisciplinary work in the field.

The Oxford Handbook of Negation

Author : Viviane Déprez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0198830521
Total Pages : 889 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Negation by : Viviane Déprez

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Negation written by Viviane Déprez and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers reviews of cross-linguistic research on the major classic issues in negation, as well as accounts of more recent results from experimental linguistics, psycholinguistics, and neuroscience. The volume will be an essential reference on the topic of negation for students and researchers across a wide range of disciplines.

Negation and Polarity

Author : Laurence R. Horn
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198238746
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (982 download)

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Book Synopsis Negation and Polarity by : Laurence R. Horn

Download or read book Negation and Polarity written by Laurence R. Horn and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Negation is a central feature of language and cognition, interacting with all areas of grammar as well as with the philosophy of language. Whereas there is a cross-linguistic uniformity in logical and semantic aspects of negation, there is a diversity of syntactic and morphological forms andrules. This asymmetry in function and form poses problems for syntactic and universal grammar theory and for the study of the interface between syntax and discourse. It is particularly evident in negative polarity-words and phrases which can appear only in negative sentences. The exploration ofnegation and negative polarity phenomena and their implications for linguistic theory are the main themes of this book.

The Pragmatics of Negation

Author : Malin Roitman
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9027264945
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis The Pragmatics of Negation by : Malin Roitman

Download or read book The Pragmatics of Negation written by Malin Roitman and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2017-12-14 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Negation is one of the most discussed phenomena within linguistics, on all language levels though it never seems to be exhausted. This operator establishes complex sentence structures and constantly challenges – from a cognitive, syntactical, semantic and morphologic viewpoint – presuppositions on language internal relations as rational and logic. It therefore arouses interest through all fields within language sciences. From a pragmatic perspective, where negation is conceived a marked structure, using negation often produces meanings beyond the one of a reversed affirmation "it is not the case that X”. This book explores the various uses and pragmatic meanings of negation in authentic communication, in different text types and in different languages, predominately romance languages. The multilingual composition marries a macro-micro perspective where aspects of genre, sociocultural context, memory, rhetoric and argumentation interplay with the negative morpheme’s nature and embedded instructions. This broad approach makes this book a unique contribution to negation studies and to pragmatics in general. The book is important and enriching reading for scholars in all linguistic domains, but particularly for researchers in semantics, pragmatics, argumentation and, discourse analysis.

Negation and Knowledge of God: Neoplatonism and Christianity

Author : Daniel Jugrin
Publisher : Scholars' Press
ISBN 13 : 6202302046
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Negation and Knowledge of God: Neoplatonism and Christianity by : Daniel Jugrin

Download or read book Negation and Knowledge of God: Neoplatonism and Christianity written by Daniel Jugrin and published by Scholars' Press. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is not soul, not intellect, not imagination, opinion, reason and not understanding, not logos, not intellection, not spoken, not thought, not number, not order, not greatness, not smallness, not equality, not inequality, not likeness, not unlikeness, not having stood, not moved, not at rest, not powerful, not intepowerful, not light, not living, not life, not eternity, not time, not intellectual contact with it, not knowledge, not truth, not kingship, not wisdom, not one, not unity, not divinity, not goodness, not spirit , not sonhood, not fatherhood, ..., not something among what is not, not something among what is, not known as it is by beings, not a knower of beings as they are. There is neither logos, name, or knowledge of it. It is neither dark nor light, not error, and not truth. There is universally neither postulation nor abstraction of it. While there are produced postulations and abstractions of those after it, we neither postulate nor abstract it. Since beyond all postulation is the all-complete and single Cause of all; beyond all abstraction: the preeminence of that absolutely free of all and beyond the whole. (Dionysius the Areopagite, De mystica theologia V).

Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics: Mundas-Phrygians

Author : James Hastings
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 964 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics: Mundas-Phrygians by : James Hastings

Download or read book Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics: Mundas-Phrygians written by James Hastings and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Literature and Negation

Author : Maire Jaanus
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780231043434
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (434 download)

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Book Synopsis Literature and Negation by : Maire Jaanus

Download or read book Literature and Negation written by Maire Jaanus and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1988-05-16 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveying the expanding conflict in Europe during one of his famous fireside chats in 1940, President Franklin Roosevelt ominously warned that "we know of other methods, new methods of attack. The Trojan horse. The fifth column that betrays a nation unprepared for treachery. Spies, saboteurs, and traitors are the actors in this new strategy." Having identified a new type of war--a shadow war--being perpetrated by Hitler's Germany, FDR decided to fight fire with fire, authorizing the formation of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) to organize and oversee covert operations. Based on an extensive analysis of OSS records, including the vast trove of records released by the CIA in the 1980s and '90s, as well as a new set of interviews with OSS veterans conducted by the author and a team of American scholars from 1995 to 1997, The Shadow War Against Hitler is the full story of America's far-flung secret intelligence apparatus during World War II. In addition to its responsibilities generating, processing, and interpreting intelligence information, the OSS orchestrated all manner of dark operations, including extending feelers to anti-Hitler elements, infiltrating spies and sabotage agents behind enemy lines, and implementing propaganda programs. Planned and directed from Washington, the anti-Hitler campaign was largely conducted in Europe, especially through the OSS's foreign outposts in Bern and London. A fascinating cast of characters made the OSS run: William J. Donovan, one of the most decorated individuals in the American military who became the driving force behind the OSS's genesis; Allen Dulles, the future CIA chief who ran the Bern office, which he called "the big window onto the fascist world"; a veritable pantheon of Ivy League academics who were recruited to work for the intelligence services; and, not least, Roosevelt himself. A major contribution of the book is the story of how FDR employed Hitler's former propaganda chief, Ernst "Putzi" Hanfstengl, as a private spy. More than a record of dramatic incidents and daring personalities, this book adds significantly to our understanding of how the United States fought World War II. It demonstrates that the extent, and limitations, of secret intelligence information shaped not only the conduct of the war but also the face of the world that emerged from the shadows.

The Complete French Grammar Course

Author : Dylane Moreau
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (572 download)

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Book Synopsis The Complete French Grammar Course by : Dylane Moreau

Download or read book The Complete French Grammar Course written by Dylane Moreau and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2021-08-15 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn the French grammar with this easy French textbook full of examples and exercises! This course is divided into 7 chapters and includes 200 exercises and free video lessons for each point. The method is simple: start from a simple sentence and add slowly more elements to it. Then practice after each new element with one or more exercises.

Standard Negation

Author : Matti Miestamo
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110197634
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Standard Negation by : Matti Miestamo

Download or read book Standard Negation written by Matti Miestamo and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-08-22 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first cross-linguistic study of clausal negation based on an extensive and systematic language sample. Methodological issues, especially sampling, are discussed at length. Standard negation – the basic structural means languages have for negating declarative verbal main clauses – is typologized from a new perspective, paying attention to structural differences between affirmatives and negatives. In symmetric negation affirmative and negative structures show no differences except for the presence of the negative marker(s), whereas in asymmetric negation there are further structural differences, i.e. asymmetries. A distinction is made between constructional and paradigmatic asymmetry; in the former the addition of the negative marker(s) is accompanied by further structural differences in comparison to the corresponding affirmative, and in the latter the correspondences between the members of (verbal etc.) paradigms used in affirmatives and negatives are not one-to-one. Cross-cutting the constructional-paradigmatic distinction, asymmetric negation can be further divided into subtypes according to the nature of the asymmetry. Standard negation structures found in the 297 sample languages are exemplified and discussed in detail. The frequencies of the different types and some typological correlations are also examined. Functional motivations are proposed for the structural types – symmetric negatives are language-internally analogous to the linguistic structure of the affirmative and asymmetric negatives are language-externally analogous to different asymmetries between affirmation and negation on the functional level. Relevant diachronic issues are also discussed. The book is of interest to language typologists, descriptive linguists and to all linguists interested in negation.

The Logic System of Concept Graphs with Negation

Author : Frithjof Dau
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540206078
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic System of Concept Graphs with Negation by : Frithjof Dau

Download or read book The Logic System of Concept Graphs with Negation written by Frithjof Dau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-11-24 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of contextual logic is to provide a formal theory of elementary logic, which is based on the doctrines of concepts, judgements, and conclusions. Concepts are mathematized using Formal Concept Analysis (FCA), while an approach to the formalization of judgements and conclusions is conceptual graphs, based on Peirce's existential graphs. Combining FCA and a mathematization of conceptual graphs yields so-called concept graphs, which offer a formal and diagrammatic theory of elementary logic. Expressing negation in contextual logic is a difficult task. Based on the author's dissertation, this book shows how negation on the level of judgements can be implemented. To do so, cuts (syntactical devices used to express negation) are added to concept graphs. As we can express relations between objects, conjunction and negation in judgements, and existential quantification, the author demonstrates that concept graphs with cuts have the expressive power of first-order predicate logic. While doing so, the author distinguishes between syntax and semantics, and provides a sound and complete calculus for concept graphs with cuts. The author's treatment is mathematically thorough and consistent, and the book gives the necessary background on existential and conceptual graphs.

Negation and Speculation Detection

Author : Noa P. Cruz Díaz
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9027262950
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Negation and Speculation Detection by : Noa P. Cruz Díaz

Download or read book Negation and Speculation Detection written by Noa P. Cruz Díaz and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Negation and speculation detection is an emerging topic that has attracted the attention of many researchers, and there is clearly a lack of relevant textbooks and survey texts. This book aims to define negation and speculation from a natural language processing perspective, to explain the need for processing these phenomena, to summarise existing research on processing negation and speculation, to provide a list of resources and tools, and to speculate about future developments in this research area. An advantage of this book is that it will not only provide an overview of the state of the art in negation and speculation detection, but will also introduce newly developed data sets and scripts. It will be useful for students of natural language processing subjects who are interested in understanding this task in more depth and for researchers with an interest in these phenomena in order to improve performance in other natural language processing tasks.