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Necessity Essence And Individuation
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Book Synopsis Necessity, Essence, and Individuation by : Alan Sidelle
Download or read book Necessity, Essence, and Individuation written by Alan Sidelle and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-15 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alan Sidelle's Necessity, Essence, and Individuation is a sustained defense of empiricism—or, more generally, conventionalism—against recent attacks by realists. Sidelle focuses his attention on necessity a posteriori, a kind of necessity which contemporary realists have taken to support realism over empiricism. Turning the tables against the realists, Sidelle argues that if there are in fact truths necessary a posteriori, it is not realism, but rather empiricism which provides the best explanation for them.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Spinoza by : Michael Della Rocca
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Spinoza written by Michael Della Rocca and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until recently, Spinoza's standing in Anglophone studies of philosophy has been relatively low and has only seemed to confirm Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi's assessment of him as a dead dog. However, an exuberant outburst of excellent scholarship on Spinoza has of late come to dominate work on early modern philosophy. This resurgence is due in no small part to the recent revival of metaphysics in contemporary philosophy and to the increased appreciation of Spinoza's role as an unorthodox, pivotal figure - indeed, perhaps the pivotal figure - in the development of Enlightenment thinking. Spinoza's penetrating articulation of his extreme rationalism makes him a demanding philosopher who offers deep and prescient challenges to all subsequent, inevitably less radical approaches to philosophy. While the twenty-six essays in this volume - by many of the world's leading Spinoza specialists - grapple directly with Spinoza's most important arguments, these essays also seek to identify and explain Spinoza's debts to previous philosophy, his influence on later philosophers, and his significance for contemporary philosophy and for us.
Book Synopsis Essence and Necessity by : Daniel James Vecchio
Download or read book Essence and Necessity written by Daniel James Vecchio and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-10-18 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is a critical and historical account of Aristotelian essentialism and modal logic. In Chapter One, ancient and contemporary interpretations and claims of inconsistency in Aristotle’s modal syllogistic are examined. A more consistent model is developed through attention to Aristotle’s comments on negation. In Chapter Two, proofs for each of the mixed apodictic syllogisms are analyzed and diagrammed. Chapter Three explores how Aristotle’s modal metaphysics fits within the context of the Posterior Analytics. Chapter Four contrasts Aristotelian modal logic to contemporary modal metaphysics and argues for ways in which a return to Aristotle may spark intriguing thought in contemporary discussions of the philosophy of science and in debate over the metaphysics of identity.
Book Synopsis Naming, Necessity and More by : Jonathan Berg
Download or read book Naming, Necessity and More written by Jonathan Berg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-03 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Saul Kripke's Naming and Necessity was one of the most influential philosophical works of the twentieth century. In this collection of essays leading specialists explore issues arising from this and other works of Kripke's.
Book Synopsis Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 13 by : Karen Bennett
Download or read book Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 13 written by Karen Bennett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-02-23 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the most interesting work in philosophy today is metaphysical in character. Oxford Studies in Metaphysics is a forum for the best new work in this flourishing field. OSM offers a broad view of the subject, featuring not only the traditionally central topics such as existence, identity, modality, time, and causation, but also the rich clusters of metaphysical questions in neighbouring fields, such as philsophy of mind and philosophy of science. Besides independent essays, volumes will often contain a critical essay on a recent book, or a symposium that allows participants to respond to one another's criticisms and questions. Anyone who wants to know what's happening in metaphysics can start here.
Book Synopsis Thinking of Necessity by : Jessica Leech
Download or read book Thinking of Necessity written by Jessica Leech and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-03-28 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinking of Necessity: A Kantian Account of Modal Thought and Modal Metaphysics sets out a Kant-inspired theory of modality, i.e., possibility and necessity. The theory is driven by a methodology which takes seriously questions about the function of modal judgment, i.e., the role or purpose of judgments of possibility and necessity, as a guide to a metaphysics of modality. Kant is a good example for how to develop this methodological approach since, for Kant, modal concepts play an important role in our capacity for thought and experience of the world. The book argues that we need logical modal concepts as a condition on our ability to think, and metaphysical modal concepts as a condition on our ability to think objectively, i.e., to think about the world. Concordant with this, it argues that logical necessity has its source in the laws of thought and that metaphysical necessity is relative to conditions on objective thought. This account of metaphysical necessity, which is termed "Modal Transcendentalism", is then further developed, covering questions concerning necessary and contingent existence, de re necessity, essentialism, and modal epistemology. The theory of modality developed in the book is inspired by aspects of Kant's writings on modality, but the development and defence of the theory is undertaken mostly independently of Kant.
Book Synopsis Modality and Anti-Metaphysics by : Stephen K. McLeod
Download or read book Modality and Anti-Metaphysics written by Stephen K. McLeod and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2001. Modality and Anti-Metaphysics critically examines the most prominent approaches to modality among analytic philosophers in the twentieth century, including essentialism. Defending both the project of metaphysics and the essentialist position that metaphysical modality is conceptually and ontologically primitive, Stephen McLeod argues that the logical positivists did not succeed in banishing metaphysical modality from their own theoretical apparatus and he offers an original defence of metaphysics against their advocacy of its elimination. Seeking to assuage the sceptical worries which underlie modal anti-realism, McLeod provides an original contribution to essentialist epistemology, engaging with current debates about modality and suggesting that standard essentialist approaches to some issues in the philosophies of logic and language require revision. This book offers valuable insights to professional philosophers, postgraduates and advanced undergraduates interested in metaphysics, philosophy of logic or the history of twentieth-century analytic philosophy.
Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Essence in Philosophy by : Kathrin Koslicki
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Essence in Philosophy written by Kathrin Koslicki and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-05-15 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essences have been assigned important but controversial explanatory roles in philosophical, scientific, and social theorizing. Is it possible for the same organism to be first a caterpillar and then a butterfly? Is it impossible for a human being to transform into an insect like Gregor Samsa does in Kafka’s The Metamorphosis? Is it impossible for Lot’s wife to survive being turned into a pillar of salt? Traditionally, essences (or natures) have been thought to help answer such central questions about existence, identity, persistence, and modality. These questions are not only of great philosophical interest, they also are of great interest to society at large. This Handbook surveys the state of the art on essence. Core issues about essence are discussed in 33 chapters, all of them written exclusively for this volume by leading experts. They are organized into the following four major parts, each with its own introduction that provides a summary and comparison of the part’s chapters: History Essence and Essentialisms: Themes and Variations Applications Anti-Essentialist Challenges. The volume is accessible enough for students while also providing enough details to make it a valuable reference for researchers. While the notion of essence has been targeted for sustained criticisms since antiquity, recent work has renewed interest in the topic. This Handbook explains and synthesizes much of this current interest, placing essence within its historical context and drawing connections to many contemporary areas of philosophy as well as to scholarly work in other disciplines. With cross-references in each chapter and a comprehensive index, The Routledge Handbook of Essence in Philosophy is a useful resource and essential reading for anyone, whether in or out of academic philosophy, seeking clarification on one of philosophy’s most distinctive and notorious notions.
Book Synopsis Analytical Legal Naturalism by : Samuel Zinaich, Jr.
Download or read book Analytical Legal Naturalism written by Samuel Zinaich, Jr. and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-07-15 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In legal jurisprudence, the phenomenon of “hard cases” presents itself as a dilemma between the legal positivists and the natural law realists. Of the former, without the metaphysical underpinnings of an objective legal or moral standard, the legal positivists cannot supply convincing arguments to supplant the sovereign as the origin and authority of law. The natural law realists face the problem of justifying the natural law. Against both views, S. Zinaich Jr. defends a middle position, Analytical Legal Naturalism (ALN). It represents an analytic norm, both necessarily true and known a posteriori. Against the legal positivists, it supplies an objective legal standard by removing--at least for hard cases--the necessity of the will of a sovereign authority. Against the natural law realists, ALN provides a nonmoral standard which, because of its analyticity and necessity, avoids the need for metaethical speculation. Finally, ALN provides a standard that not only supplies the universalizable punch to avoid political subjectivism, but does so in a conventional manner. Thus, ALN does not require a moral or modal reality as truth-making characteristics. Rather, it makes what is legally valuable or disvaluable dependent upon empirically verifiable facts that are legally relevant.
Download or read book Necessary Beings written by Bob Hale and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-09-19 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Necessary Beings is concerned with two central areas of metaphysics: modality—the theory of necessity, possibility, and other related notions; and ontology—the general study of what kinds of entities there are. Bob Hale's overarching purpose is to develop and defend two quite general theses about what is required for the existence of entities of various kinds: that questions about what kinds of things there are cannot be properly understood or adequately answered without recourse to considerations about possibility and necessity, and that, conversely, questions about the nature and basis of necessity and possibility cannot be satisfactorily tackled without drawing on what might be called the methodology of ontology. Taken together, these two theses claim that ontology and modality are mutually dependent upon one another, neither more fundamental than the other. Hale defends a broadly Fregean approach to metaphysics, according to which ontological distinctions among different kinds of things (objects, properties, and relations) are to be drawn on the basis of prior distinctions between different logical types of expression. The claim that facts about what kinds of things exist depend upon facts about what is possible makes little sense unless one accepts that at least some modal facts are fundamental, and not reducible to facts of some other, non-modal, sort. He argues that facts about what is absolutely necessary or possible have this character, and that they have their source or basis, not in meanings or concepts nor in facts about alternative 'worlds', but in the natures or essences of things.
Book Synopsis A Companion to the Philosophy of Language, 2 Volume Set by : Bob Hale
Download or read book A Companion to the Philosophy of Language, 2 Volume Set written by Bob Hale and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-04-24 with total page 1189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Providing up-to-date, in-depth coverage of the central question, and written and edited by some of the foremost practitioners in the field, this timely new edition will no doubt be a go-to reference for anyone with a serious interest in the philosophy of language.” Kathrin Glüer-Pagin, Stockholm University Now published in two volumes, the second edition of the best-selling Companion to the Philosophy of Language provides a complete survey of contemporary philosophy of language. The Companion has been greatly extended and now includes a monumental 17 new essays – with topics chosen by the editors, who curated suggestions from current contributors – and almost all of the 25 original chapters have been updated to take account of recent developments in the field. In addition to providing a synoptic view of the key issues, figures, concepts, and debates, each essay introduces new and original contributions to ongoing debates, as well as addressing a number of new areas of interest, including two-dimensional semantics, modality and epistemic modals, and semantic relationism. The extended “state-of-the-art” chapter format allows the authors, all of whom are internationally eminent scholars in the field, to incorporate original research to a far greater degree than competitor volumes. Unrivaled in scope, this volume represents the best contemporary critical thinking relating to the philosophy of language.
Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Metametaphysics by : Ricki Bliss
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Metametaphysics written by Ricki Bliss and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-07-14 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophical questions regarding the nature and methodology of philosophical inquiry have garnered much attention in recent years. Perhaps nowhere are these discussions more developed than in relation to the field of metaphysics. The Routledge Handbook of Metametaphysics is an outstanding reference source to this growing subject. It comprises thirty-eight chapters written by leading international contributors, and is arranged around five themes: • The history of metametaphysics • Neo-Quineanism (and its objectors) • Alternative conceptions of metaphysics • The epistemology of metaphysics • Science and metaphysics. Essential reading for students and researchers in metaphysics, philosophical methodology, and ontology, The Routledge Handbook of Metametaphysics will also be of interest to those in closely related subjects such as philosophy of language, logic, and philosophy of science.
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Companion to Christian Philosophical Theology by : Charles Taliaferro
Download or read book The Cambridge Companion to Christian Philosophical Theology written by Charles Taliaferro and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Companion offers an up-to-date overview of the beliefs, doctrines, and practices of the key philosophical concepts at the heart of Christian theology. The sixteen chapters, commissioned specially for this volume, are written by an internationally recognized team of scholars and examine topics such as the Trinity, God's necessary existence, simplicity, omnipotence, omniscience, omnipresence, goodness, eternity and providence, the incarnation, resurrection, atonement, sin and salvation, the problem of evil, church rites, revelation and miracles, prayer, and the afterlife. Written in non-technical, accessible language, they not only offer a synthesis of scholarship on these topics but also suggest questions and topics for further investigation.
Book Synopsis Metaphysics and the Tri-Personal God by : William Hasker
Download or read book Metaphysics and the Tri-Personal God written by William Hasker and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-08-02 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first full-length study of the doctrine of the Trinity from the standpoint of analytic philosophical theology. William Hasker reviews the evidence concerning fourth-century pro-Nicene trinitarianism in the light of recent developments in the scholarship on this period, arguing for particular interpretations of crucial concepts. He then reviews and criticizes recent work on the issue of the divine three-in-oneness, including systematic theologians such as Barth, Rahner, Moltmann, and Zizioulas, and analytic philosophers of religion such as Leftow, van Inwagen, Craig, and Swinburne. In the final part of the book he develops a carefully articulated social doctrine of the Trinity which is coherent, intelligible, and faithful to scripture and tradition.
Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Modality by : Otávio Bueno
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Modality written by Otávio Bueno and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modality - the question of what is possible and what is necessary - is a fundamental area of philosophy and philosophical research. The Routledge Handbook of Modality is an outstanding reference source to the key topics, problems and debates in this exciting subject and is the first collection of its kind. Comprising thirty-five chapters by a team of international contributors the Handbook is divided into seven clear parts: worlds and modality essentialism, ontological dependence, and modality modal anti-realism epistemology of modality modality in science modality in logic and mathematics modality in the history of philosophy. Within these sections the central issues, debates and problems are examined, including possible worlds, essentialism, counterfactuals, ontological dependence, modal fictionalism, deflationism, the integration challenge, conceivability, a priori knowledge, laws of nature, natural kinds, and logical necessity. The Routledge Handbook of Modality is essential reading for students and researchers in epistemology, metaphysics and philosophy of language. It will also be very useful for those in related fields in philosophy such as philosophy of mathematics, logic and philosophy of science.
Book Synopsis Modal Epistemology After Rationalism by : Bob Fischer
Download or read book Modal Epistemology After Rationalism written by Bob Fischer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection highlights the new trend away from rationalism and toward empiricism in the epistemology of modality. Accordingly, the book represents a wide range of positions on the empirical sources of modal knowledge. Readers will find an introduction that surveys the field and provides a brief overview of the work, which progresses from empirically-sensitive rationalist accounts to fully empiricist accounts of modal knowledge. Early chapters focus on challenges to rationalist theories, essence-based approaches to modal knowledge, and the prospects for naturalizing modal epistemology. The middle chapters present positive accounts that reject rationalism, but which stop short of advocating exclusive appeal to empirical sources of modal knowledge. The final chapters mark a transition toward exclusive reliance on empirical sources of modal knowledge. They explore ways of making similarity-based, analogical, inductive, and abductive arguments for modal claims based on empirical information. Modal epistemology is coming into its own as a field, and this book has the potential to anchor a new research agenda.
Download or read book Anselm's Argument written by Brian Leftow and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Anselm of Canterbury gave the first modal "ontological" argument for God's existence. Yet, despite its distinct originality, philosophers have mostly avoided the question of what modal concepts the argument uses, and whether Anselm's metaphysics entitles him to use them. Here, Brian Leftow sets out Anselm's modal metaphysics. He argues that Anselm has an "absolute", "broadly logical", or "metaphysical" modal concept, and that his metaphysics provides acceptable truth makers for claims in this modality. He shows that his modal argument is committed (in effect) to the Brouwer system of modal logic, and defends the claim that Brouwer is part of the logic of "absolute" or "metaphysical" modality. He also defends Anselm's premise that God would exist with absolute necessity against all extant objections, providing new arguments in support of it and ultimately defending all but one premise of Anselm's best argument for God's existence"--
