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Download or read book Natural Rubber/styrene Butadiene Rubber Blends Prepared by Ultrasonically Aided Extrusion written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jaesun Choi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)
Download or read book Ultrasonically Aided Extrusion of Rubber Nanocomposites and Rubber Blends written by Jaesun Choi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dispersion of nanofillers in rubber nanocomposites and distribution of components and their interaction in rubber blends is known to significantly affect their rheology and performance characteristics. Application of ultrasonic waves during extrusion is considered a possible means to influence compounding of polymer nanocomposites and polymer blends. The present study is devoted to the ultrasonically aided extrusion of natural rubber (NR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds filled with carbon black (CB), carbon nanotube (CNT) and carbon nanofiber (CNF) and NR/SBR blends. The ultrasonic treatment was found to provide a better processibility leading to a significant reduction of the die pressure during extrusion. For SBR nanocomposites, an increase of the ultrasonic amplitude up to certain values caused an increase of the gel fraction and viscosity of compounds, minimum and maximum torques during their curing. Due to the gel formation in SBR under ultrasonic treatment, an increase of the crosslink density, modulus and tensile strength of vulcanizates was observed. In contrast to SBR nanocomposites, the gel formation in NR nanocomposites under ultrasonic treatment was absent, and their properties were little affected by the treatment till an amplitude of 5.0 [micron]m. The ultrasonic treatment of SBR and NR nanocomposites at an amplitude of 7.5 [micron]m led to a decrease of their properties, due to the dominant effect of chain scission. The ultrasonic treatment of SBR/CB and SBR/CNT nanocomposites led to a decrease of the electrical percolation threshold of their vulcanizates due to the ultrasonically induced uneven distribution of fillers as observed by the optical microscopy. The latter was caused by the gel formation in SBR affecting flow behavior of their compounds. The AFM analysis of SBR vulcanizates indicated that the ultrasonic treatment of SBR/CB and SBR/CNT nanocomposites led to a penetration of SBR chains into filler agglomerates. Interestingly, at the same apparent crosslink density, the modulus at 300 % of the ultrasonically treated SBR/CB and SBR/CNT vulcanizates was higher than that of the untreated vulcanizates. The ultrasonic treatment at an amplitude of 5.0 [micron]m led to an increase of both the tensile strength and elongation at break of SBR/CB vulcanizates at a loading of 60 phr. These observations are an indication of a reinforcing effect by the ultrasonic treatment, possibly due to a better SBR-filler interaction via the chemical reaction between SBR macroradicals created by the ultrasonic treatment and active sites of fillers. For ultrasonically treated NR/CB and NR/CNT nanocomposites, the uneven distribution of fillers and penetration of NR chains into agglomerates were not observed. The optical microscopy and AFM studies showed that the ultrasonic treatment of NR/CNT nanocomposite at a loading of 25 phr led to a breakdown of agglomerates and a better distribution of individual CNTs. Such morphological changes are associated with the strong Payne effect and the increase in hardness. A quantitative AFM analysis of vulcanizates showed that the ultrasonic treatment of NR/CB nanocomposites led to a better micro-dispersion. It is believed that the ultrasonically induced pulsating cavities in compounds transfer the vibration energy to surrounding molecules, leading to a breakdown of agglomerates. At the same time, it is believed that the ultrasonic treatment induces oxidation of NR leading to a chain scission and preventing a rubber gel formation and rubber-filler chemical reaction.The ultrasonic treatment of NR/SBR blends at an amplitude of 5.0 [micron]m led to an increase of both the tensile strength and elongation at break, with the modulus at 100 % being maintained. The phase contrast optical microscopy and AFM analysis of ultrasonically treated NR/SBR blend indicated a significant reduction of size of rubber phases. However, the ultrasonic treatment at an amplitude of 10 [micron]m led to a significant chain scission, decreasing the modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break.
Author : Sabu Thomas
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527645616
Total Pages : 972 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)
Download or read book Characterization of Polymer Blends written by Sabu Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-10-28 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filling the gap for a reference dedicated to the characterization of polymer blends and their micro and nano morphologies, this book provides comprehensive, systematic coverage in a one-stop, two-volume resource for all those working in the field. Leading researchers from industry and academia, as well as from government and private research institutions around the world summarize recent technical advances in chapters devoted to their individual contributions. In so doing, they examine a wide range of modern characterization techniques, from microscopy and spectroscopy to diffraction, thermal analysis, rheology, mechanical measurements and chromatography. These methods are compared with each other to assist in determining the best solution for both fundamental and applied problems, paying attention to the characterization of nanoscale miscibility and interfaces, both in blends involving copolymers and in immiscible blends. The thermodynamics, miscibility, phase separation, morphology and interfaces in polymer blends are also discussed in light of new insights involving the nanoscopic scale. Finally, the authors detail the processing-morphology-property relationships of polymer blends, as well as the influence of processing on the generation of micro and nano morphologies, and the dependence of these morphologies on the properties of blends. Hot topics such as compatibilization through nanoparticles, miscibility of new biopolymers and nanoscale investigations of interfaces in blends are also addressed. With its application-oriented approach, handpicked selection of topics and expert contributors, this is an outstanding survey for anyone involved in the field of polymer blends for advanced technologies.
Author : Jingyi Yuen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781681175010
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (75 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Styrene Butadiene Rubber written by Jingyi Yuen and published by . This book was released on 2016-04-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is one of the most versatile copolymer rubber compounds. It consists of the organic compound styrene and the chemical budatiene, with the amount of budatiene usually being about three times more than the amount of styrene. SBR is a stable synthetic rubber that is resistant to abrasion. It is used in a wide variety of products, such as automobile tires, childrens toys, shoe soles and even chewing gum. SBR is produced either through ionic polymerization of a solution or as an emulsion through free radical polymerisation. Also known as emulsion stryrenebutadiene rubber (E-SBR), this product was first developed in the 1930s by I.G. Farbenindustrie in Germany. It was created through an emulsion procedure that used polymerization as the means of producing a material that had a low reaction viscosity but had all the attribute of natural rubber. SBR was very cost-effective and was used to stretch dwindling natural rubber resources, especially in tire manufacturing at a time when tires were made of solid rubber.
Author : H. Ismail
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (969 download)
Download or read book Styrene Butadiene/epoxidezed Natural Rubber Blends written by H. Ismail and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Avraam I. Isayev
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 352731931X
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Polymer Blends, Volume 3 written by Avraam I. Isayev and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-13 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete and timely overview of the topic, this Encyclopedia imparts knowledge of fundamental principles and their applications for academicians, scientists and researchers, while informing engineers, industrialists and entrepreneurs of the current state of the technology and its utilization. The most comprehensive source on polymer blends available on the market Offers a complete and timely overview of the topic Each article presents up to date research & development on a topic and its basic principles and applications, integrates case studies, laboratory and pilot plant experiments, and gives due reference to published and patented literature Equips academics, scientists and researchers with knowledge of fundamentals principles and their applications, and informs the engineers, industrialists and entrepreneurs about the state of the art technology and its applications
Author : Nik Zakaria Nik Yahya
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Characterization and Properties of Natural Rubber/styrene Butadiene Rubber/recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NR/SBR/rNBR) Blends written by Nik Zakaria Nik Yahya and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this research are to determine the optimum blend ratio for natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber/recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NR/SBR/rNBR) blends, and its characteristics and properties. To determine the effects of different particle sizes of rNBR on characteristics and properties of NR/SBR/rNBR blends. To investigate the effects of epoxidised natural rubber (ENR-50) as compatibilizer on characteristics and properties of NR/SBR/rNBR blends. To determine the effects of carbon black (CB), rice husk (RH) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) respectively, as filler on properties of NR/SBR/rNBR blends.
Author : Nikhil K. Singha
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323986382
Total Pages : 656 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)
Download or read book Advances in Thermoplastic Elastomers written by Nikhil K. Singha and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-01-26 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Thermoplastic Elastomers: Challenges and Opportunities brings together the state-of-the-art in thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), covering innovative materials, synthesis techniques, processing methods and sustainability. Sections outline thermoplastic elastomers, rubber elastic, and thermoplastic vulcanizates, and review the current landscape, from research and published literature, to commercialization and patents. Subsequent chapters offer methodical coverage of different categories of advanced thermoplastic elastomer materials, including areas such as polyolefin-based TPEs and high performance TPEs. The final chapters in the book examine options for sustainability, including bio-based, bio-resourced, and biodegradable TPEs, as well as circular economy and recycling of TPEs.Finally, outlook and future market and research trends are reviewed. This is a valuable book for researchers and advanced students working with elastomers, polymer science, materials chemistry, and materials engineering. In an industrial setting, this is an essential resource for R&D professionals, scientists, and engineers looking to utilize thermoplastic elastomers in a range of advanced applications. Focuses on novel materials, such as polyolefin-based TPEs, fluorinated TPEs, silicone-based TPEs, and ionic TPEs Discusses sustainability in terms of bio-based or biocompatible TPEs, recycling and the circular economy Helps bridge the gap between research and commercialization, reviewing patents, literature, trends, and market.
Author : Mohd Hazizul Hamzah
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)
Download or read book Mechanical Properties of Styrene Butadiene Rubber with Oil Palm Trunk Fiber as Filler written by Mohd Hazizul Hamzah and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic rubber on the other hand is a rubber which is synthesized chemically. Styrene-butadiene rubber is one of them. The synthetic rubber gives different properties from natural rubber in every aspect. The objectives of this research are to investigate the mechanical properties changes in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) filled with oil palm trunks as fillers and to check the differences in properties between the amounts of fillers used. The purpose of this research is to investigate the properties of styrene butadiene rubber blending with oil palm trunk fiber as filler. The research is based on experimental lab research. The contribution of oil palm trunk as a filler in rubber compound will decrease the burning activities and reducing environmental issues. Many researches have been done in rubber/natural filler blending in order to improve the properties of rubber with economically. The methods in this research are divided into three sections; mixing, molding, and testing. Mixing required two roll mills as a device blending rubber with filler, accelerator and vulcanizing agent. Molding required hot and cold press molding to form a sheet of product before testing. Testing required a universal testing machine to test the tensile properties of the rubber blend. Two chemical used in this swelling test; kerosene and diesel. The samples were put into two different bottles with kerosene inside one bottle and diesel inside another bottle. The time taken to complete the test was 24 hours - exactly one day. The result from testing showed that increasing amount of fillers will actually decrease the tensile strength, increase the tensile modulus and increase swelling behavior of the rubber blend. As conclusion, most of mechanical properties decrease with increasing of filler content. As recommendation, increasing the filler content might give the better result, and giving more information about capability of styrene butadiene rubber to consume more filler.
Author : Society of Plastics Engineers. Technical Conference
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1292 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Conference Proceedings written by Society of Plastics Engineers. Technical Conference and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : British Standards Institute Staff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780580418518
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (185 download)
Download or read book Natural Rubber Compounds for Extrusion. Specification written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 2003-06-18 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural rubber, Extruding, Vulcanized rubber, Composition, Physical properties of materials, Ageing (materials), Grades (quality), Additives, Compounding ingredients (rubber)
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789741767595
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (675 download)
Download or read book Preparation of Rubber and Poly(vinyl Chloride) Blends Reinforced by in Situ Silica written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In situ silica filling of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), natural rubber (NR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) was carried out by sol-gel process using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and ethylpolysilicate (EPS). The rubber film cast from latex was soaked in TEOS and EPS solution and in an aqueous solution of ethylenediamine as catalyst. The effect of the dilution ratio of ethanol/water, TEOS and EPS concentration, swelling time and temperature in TEOS and EPS solution on the degree of swelling and silica content were investigated. The effects of catalyst concentration on silica content were reported. Ethylenediamine concentration slightly affected the silica content in the rubber. The in situ silica filled NBR/PVC blends were prepared and exhibited the reinforcing properties.
Author : Ahmad Azrem Azmi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (959 download)
Download or read book The Properties of Styrene Butadiene Rubber written by Ahmad Azrem Azmi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of cure characteristics, physical and mechanical properties and morphological properties on styrene butadiene rubber/recycled chloroprene rubber (SBR/CRr) blends were investigated. SBR/CRr blends with blend ratios 95/5, 85/15, 75/25, 65/35 and 50/50 were prepared using two roll mill at room temperature and followed by compression moulding. The results on comparison of styrene butadiene rubber/virgin chloroprene rubber (SBR/CRv) blends with SBR/CRr blends showed that at similar blend ratios, particularly up to 15 phr, SBR/CRr blends exhibited improvement in tensile strength while the M100, hardness and crosslink density of SBR/CRr blends exhibited increment value in all blend ratios. The smallest size of CRr particles S1 (346-486 μm) in SBR/CRr blends showed a better cure characteristics and mechanical properties compared with all other blend ratios in S2 (664-891 μm) and S3 (0.3-0.7 mm). Futhermore, the processing become more efficient and the contact surface area increased which provided more efficient interfacial bonds. The compatibilization of SBR/CRr blends with 5 phr of trans-polyoctylene rubber (TOR) improved the adhesion between CRr and the SBR matrix, thus, improving the compatibility of SBR/CRr blends. Cure characteristics of compatibilised SBR/CRr blend have shorter scorch time, t2 and cure time, t90 than uncompatibilised SBR/CRr blends. Compatibilised SBR/CRr blends showed lower minimum torque (ML) compared to uncompatibilised SBR/CRr blends at all blend ratios. However, maximum torque (MH) of compatibilised SBR/CRr blends exhibit the opposite trend compared with the uncompatibilised SBR/CRr blends. The tensile strength, M100, hardness and crosslink density of compatibilised SBR/CRr blends also improved compared with uncompatibilised SBR/CRr blends. The cure time, t90 of SBR/CRr/CB blends and SBR/CRr/CaCO3 blends decreased with increasing CRr content in both blends. However, scorch time, t2, increased with increasing CRr content in both blends. SBR/CRr/CB blends showed higher minimum torque (ML) compared to SBR/CRr/CaCO3 blends at all blend ratios. However, maximum torque (MH) of SBR/CRr/CB blends exhibit the opposite trend compared with the SBR/CRr/CaCO3 blends. SBR/CRr/CB blends exhibited a better result in all mechanical and physical properties compared with SBR/CRr/CaCO3 blends at all blend ratios.
Author : Eshwaran Subramani Bhagavatheswaran
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Exploring the Piezoresistive Characteristics of Solution Styrene Butadiene Rubber Composites Under Static and Dynamic Conditions written by Eshwaran Subramani Bhagavatheswaran and published by . This book was released on 2019* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : D.C. Blackley
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401158487
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Polymer Latices written by D.C. Blackley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer Latices, Second Edition is a comprehensive update of the previous edition, High Polymer Latices, taking into account the many developments since it was first published in 1966. It is the only publication to provide such an outstanding and extensive review of latex science and technology, from background theory and principles, to modern day applications. It will prove an invaluable reference source for all those working in the area of latex science and technology, such as colloid chemists, polymer scientists, and materials processors.
Author : Sabu Thomas
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470823461
Total Pages : 729 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (78 download)
Download or read book Rubber Nanocomposites written by Sabu Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-04-09 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rubber Nanocomposites: Preparation, Properties and Applications focuses on the preparation, characterization and properties of natural and synthetic rubber nanocomposites. The book carefully debates the preparation of unmodified and modified nanofillers, various manufacturing techniques of rubber nanocomposites, structure, morphology and properties of nanocomposites. The text reviews the processing; characterization and properties of 0-, 1D and 2D nanofiller reinforced rubber nanocomposites. It examines the polymer/filler interaction, i.e., the compatibility between matrix and filler using unmodified and modified nanofillers. The book also examines the applications of rubber nanocomposites in various engineering fields, which include tyre engineering. The book also examines the current state of the art, challenges and applications in the field of rubber nanocomposites. The handpicked selection of topics and expert contributions make this survey of rubber nanocomposites an outstanding resource for anyone involved in the field of polymer materials design. A handy "one stop" reference resource for important research accomplishments in the area of rubber nanocomposites. Covers the various aspects of preparation, characterization, morphology, properties and applications of rubber nanocomposites. Summarizes many of the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of nanocomposites, in a comprehensive manner It covers an up to date record on the major findings and observations in the field
Author : Harold F. Giles Jr
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 1437734820
Total Pages : 638 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (377 download)
Download or read book Extrusion written by Harold F. Giles Jr and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2013-09-21 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Extrusion is designed to aid operators, engineers, and managers in extrusion processing in quickly answering practical day-to-day questions. The first part of the book provides the fundamental principles, for operators and engineers, of polymeric materials extrusion processing in single and twin screw extruders. The next section covers advanced topics including troubleshooting, auxiliary equipment, and coextrusion for operators, engineers, and managers. The final part provides applications case studies in key areas for engineers such as compounding, blown film, extrusion blow molding, coating, foam, and reprocessing. This practical guide to extrusion brings together both equipment and materials processing aspects. It covers basic and advanced topics, for reference and training, in thermoplastics processing in the extruder. Detailed reference data are provided on such important operating conditions as temperatures, start-up procedures, shear rates, pressure drops, and safety. A practical guide to the selection, design and optimization of extrusion processes and equipment Designed to improve production efficiency and product quality Focuses on practical fault analysis and troubleshooting techniques
