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Natural And Anthropogenic Influences On The Holocene Fire And Vegetation History Of The Willamette Valley Northwest Oregon And Southwest Washington
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Book Synopsis Natural and Anthropogenic Influences on the Holocene Fire and Vegetation History of the Willamette Valley, Northwest Oregon and Southwest Washington by : Megan Kathleen Walsh
Download or read book Natural and Anthropogenic Influences on the Holocene Fire and Vegetation History of the Willamette Valley, Northwest Oregon and Southwest Washington written by Megan Kathleen Walsh and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fire Ecology and Management: Past, Present, and Future of US Forested Ecosystems by : Cathryn H. Greenberg
Download or read book Fire Ecology and Management: Past, Present, and Future of US Forested Ecosystems written by Cathryn H. Greenberg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-01 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume presents original scientific research and knowledge synthesis covering the past, present, and potential future fire ecology of major US forest types, with implications for forest management in a changing climate. The editors and authors highlight broad patterns among ecoregions and forest types, as well as detailed information for individual ecoregions, for fire frequencies and severities, fire effects on tree mortality and regeneration, and levels of fire-dependency by plant and animal communities. The foreword addresses emerging ecological and fire management challenges for forests, in relation to sustainable development goals as highlighted in recent government reports. An introductory chapter highlights patterns of variation in frequencies, severities, scales, and spatial patterns of fire across ecoregions and among forested ecosystems across the US in relation to climate, fuels, topography and soils, ignition sources (lightning or anthropogenic), and vegetation. Separate chapters by respected experts delve into the fire ecology of major forest types within US ecoregions, with a focus on the level of plant and animal fire-dependency, and the role of fire in maintaining forest composition and structure. The regional chapters also include discussion of historic natural (lightning-ignited) and anthropogenic (Native American; settlers) fire regimes, current fire regimes as influenced by recent decades of fire suppression and land use history, and fire management in relation to ecosystem integrity and restoration, wildfire threat, and climate change. The summary chapter combines the major points of each chapter, in a synthesis of US-wide fire ecology and forest management into the future. This book provides current, organized, readily accessible information for the conservation community, land managers, scientists, students and educators, and others interested in how fire behavior and effects on structure and composition differ among ecoregions and forest types, and what that means for forest management today and in the future.
Book Synopsis Holocene Fire and Vegetation History of the Oregon Coast Range, USA by : Colin James Long
Download or read book Holocene Fire and Vegetation History of the Oregon Coast Range, USA written by Colin James Long and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Northwest Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecosystem Response to Holocene Fire and Climate Change at Hobart Lake, Southwestern Oregon by : Alicia Lauren White
Download or read book Ecosystem Response to Holocene Fire and Climate Change at Hobart Lake, Southwestern Oregon written by Alicia Lauren White and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oregon's southern Cascade Range contains one of the world's most biologically diverse forests. Past ecosystem responses to fire and climate change have been well studied in the Coast Range, the eastern Cascade Range, and the Klamath Mountains but the ecological and environmental histories of the southern Cascade Range are poorly understood. Therefore, an 8000-year-long record from Hobart Lake (42.09935°N, 122.48170°W, 1458m), Oregon in the southern Cascade Range was examined to better understand past changes in vegetation and fire activity, conifer biogeographic distributions, and regional climate variability. Hobart Lake is exceptional in that it has an unusually fast sedimentation rate, resulting in a detailed vegetation and fire records based on pollen and macroscopic charcoal data. From 8000 to 3500 cal yr BP, the dominance of xerophytic species, such as Pinus and Cupressaceae, and the high frequency of fires are consistent with a climate that was warm and dry. Late-Holocene vegetation from 3500 cal yr BP to the present day was characterized by an abundance of mesophytic taxa, such as Abies and Pseudotsuga, and the decline of xerophytic taxa such as Pinus. These changes, along with reduced fire frequency, suggest that the climate became cooler and wetter. In addition to the Hobart Lake record, changes in the abundance of Abies and Pseudotsuga pollen at multiple sites throughout Oregon and northern California were examined. Abies was abundant during the late glacial, its range and/or abundance contracted during the early Holocene, and it gradually became more widespread and abundant during the mid- and late-Holocene. Pseudotsuga became more abundant at northern low-elevation sites during the warm dry conditions of the early Holocene and then flourished in more southern mid-elevation sites when the climate became cooler and wetter in the late Holocene. The vegetation history at Hobart Lake and other sites is consistent with large-scale variations in regional climate related to slowly varying changes in the seasonal insolation cycle and the indirect effects of insolation on the size and strength of the northeastern Pacific subtropical high-pressure system.
Book Synopsis Holocene Environmental History of the Willamette Valley, Oregon by : Christopher Andrew Pearl
Download or read book Holocene Environmental History of the Willamette Valley, Oregon written by Christopher Andrew Pearl and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Temporal and Spatial Variability of Historic Fire Frequency in the Southern Willamette Valley Foothills of Oregon by : Danielle Robbins
Download or read book Temporal and Spatial Variability of Historic Fire Frequency in the Southern Willamette Valley Foothills of Oregon written by Danielle Robbins and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A crossdated fire history was reconstructed for a 1562 km2 area in the southern Willamette foothills of Oregon, using fire scars and tree origin years from twelve sites. The purpose of this study was to determine fire frequency for each site and to quantify temporal and spatial variability of fire frequency. Fire frequency distributions were related to climate history and the patterns of human settlement, and compared with other regional fire histories. Dendrochronological methods were used to assign calendar years to fire scars and pith dates. General Land Office maps and surveyor notes were used to determine site and study area level changes in vegetation and Euro-American land use patterns. Climatic influence on fire over time was determined using superposed epoch analysis. Forty-three fire dates were reconstructed for the 290 year period from 1700 to 1990. The minimum and maximum fire intervals were two years and 191 years; the study area mean fire return interval was 49 years. Over two-thirds of all site level fire intervals were less than 40 years, and less than one-fifth were longer than 80 years. Fire frequency differed between the east and west sides of the Willamette Valley. West side sites experienced more frequent fires on average than the east side sites: 57% of all west side site fire intervals were less than 20 years, while 68% of all east side site fire intervals were less than 40 years. Both human and vegetative factors were potentially influencing the fire regimes of each side of the valley. West side sites were within, or adjacent to, woodland forest cover types and were closer to earlier and more intensive Euro-American settlement. Fire frequency throughout the study area did not change substantially over time. Fire occurred every decade or so, with occasional longer fire intervals, until after 1905, at which time fire occurred roughly every 15 to 20 years until 1979. Unlike other regional fire history studies, this study found no statistically significant differences in the number of fires by time periods of varying land use and climate. When the rule set for defining fire events was modified, fire frequency could be shown to be weakly significantly associated with these time periods. This indicates that methodology can appreciably influence the results of fire history reconstruction. Moreover, the sample size of trees dating from the 1 700s was small, so the estimate of fire frequency for the 1 700s is uncertain. Fire frequency was not related to drought over the whole study period (1700- 1990), but fire was more likely to occur three years following a drought year over the period from 1700 to 1849, whereas after 1850, fire was significantly associated with drought years. Fire occurrence was as expected (but not significantly so) during the period 1700 to 1800, slightly higher than expected (but not significantly) for the period 1800 to 1850, higher than expected (but not significantly) after 1850, and lower than expected (but not significantly) after 1925. Several hypotheses could explain these findings: (1) the relationship between wildfire and drought is different during cooler, wetter periods than warm, dry periods; (2) Native Americans influenced fire during the 1700-1849 period, obscuring the relationship between fire and drought; (3) European settlement of the Willamette Valley in the mid to late 1 800s increased the occurrence of fire and enhanced the effects of a warming climate, and (4) fire suppression after 1920 resulted in a decrease in fire occurrence. More sampling of older stumps in the Willamette Valley foothills would likely lend credibility to the record of fire frequency before 1800 and would increase the sample depth for use in the Superposed Epoch Analysis of the fire-drought relationship. Sampling along transects extending from the foothills into the Cascades and Coast Ranges would foster a better understanding of the spatial scope to which Native American burning influenced forests adjacent to the valley floor.
Book Synopsis A Late Holocene History of Vegetation, Fire, and Climate from a Desert Wetland in Southwest North America by : Shawn D. Blissett
Download or read book A Late Holocene History of Vegetation, Fire, and Climate from a Desert Wetland in Southwest North America written by Shawn D. Blissett and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fire and Climatic Change in Temperate Ecosystems of the Western Americas by : Thomas T. Veblen
Download or read book Fire and Climatic Change in Temperate Ecosystems of the Western Americas written by Thomas T. Veblen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-10 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both fire and climatic variability have monumental impacts on the dynamics of temperate ecosystems. These impacts can sometimes be extreme or devastating as seen in recent El Nino/La Nina cycles and in uncontrolled fire occurrences. This volume brings together research conducted in western North and South America, areas of a great deal of collaborative work on the influence of people and climate change on fire regimes. In order to give perspective to patterns of change over time, it emphasizes the integration of paleoecological studies with studies of modern ecosystems. Data from a range of spatial scales, from individual plants to communities and ecosystems to landscape and regional levels, are included. Contributions come from fire ecology, paleoecology, biogeography, paleoclimatology, landscape and ecosystem ecology, ecological modeling, forest management, plant community ecology and plant morphology. The book gives a synthetic overview of methods, data and simulation models for evaluating fire regime processes in forests, shrublands and woodlands and assembles case studies of fire, climate and land use histories. The unique approach of this book gives researchers the benefits of a north-south comparison as well as the integration of paleoecological histories, current ecosystem dynamics and modeling of future changes.
Book Synopsis Riparian Areas by : National Research Council
Download or read book Riparian Areas written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-10-10 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that wetlands be protected from degradation because of their important ecological functions including maintenance of high water quality and provision of fish and wildlife habitat. However, this protection generally does not encompass riparian areasâ€"the lands bordering rivers and lakesâ€"even though they often provide the same functions as wetlands. Growing recognition of the similarities in wetland and riparian area functioning and the differences in their legal protection led the NRC in 1999 to undertake a study of riparian areas, which has culminated in Riparian Areas: Functioning and Strategies for Management. The report is intended to heighten awareness of riparian areas commensurate with their ecological and societal values. The primary conclusion is that, because riparian areas perform a disproportionate number of biological and physical functions on a unit area basis, restoration of riparian functions along America's waterbodies should be a national goal.
Book Synopsis Holocene Vegetation and Fire History of the Floristically Diverse Klamath Mountains, Northern California, USA by : Christy Elaine Briles
Download or read book Holocene Vegetation and Fire History of the Floristically Diverse Klamath Mountains, Northern California, USA written by Christy Elaine Briles and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Roles of Humans and Climatic Variation on the Fire History of Subalpine Meadows - Mount Rainer National Park (Washington) by : Michael Louis Lukens
Download or read book The Roles of Humans and Climatic Variation on the Fire History of Subalpine Meadows - Mount Rainer National Park (Washington) written by Michael Louis Lukens and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the United States by : Julie Koppel Maldonado
Download or read book Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the United States written by Julie Koppel Maldonado and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-04-05 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a long history and deep connection to the Earth’s resources, indigenous peoples have an intimate understanding and ability to observe the impacts linked to climate change. Traditional ecological knowledge and tribal experience play a key role in developing future scientific solutions for adaptation to the impacts. The book explores climate-related issues for indigenous communities in the United States, including loss of traditional knowledge, forests and ecosystems, food security and traditional foods, as well as water, Arctic sea ice loss, permafrost thaw and relocation. The book also highlights how tribal communities and programs are responding to the changing environments. Fifty authors from tribal communities, academia, government agencies and NGOs contributed to the book. Previously published in Climatic Change, Volume 120, Issue 3, 2013.
Book Synopsis Holocene Vegetation History and Human Impact in Western Lewis, Scotland by : Tim Matthew Lomax
Download or read book Holocene Vegetation History and Human Impact in Western Lewis, Scotland written by Tim Matthew Lomax and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Holocene Vegetation-fire-climate Linkages in Northern Yellowstone National Park, USA by : Mariana A. Huerta
Download or read book Holocene Vegetation-fire-climate Linkages in Northern Yellowstone National Park, USA written by Mariana A. Huerta and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yellowstone National Park has been an important location for paleoecologic studies that focus on the use of charcoal data to reconstruct past fire activity and on the role of climate variations in shaping past vegetation and fire regimes. One hypothesis, which has been explored in other parts of the western U.S., is the idea that present-day summer-dry and summer-wet precipitation regimes were intensified during the early Holocene as a result of greater-than-present summer insolation and its effect on atmospheric circulation patterns. In Yellowstone, this hypothesis was previously examined at two sites, one in summer-wet and one in summer-dry precipitation regions. The records showed variation in both fire and vegetation history that supported the hypothesis. We present a fire and vegetation history from Blacktail Pond, located in Pseudotsuga parkland in the transitional region. The Blacktail Pond data indicate the following ecological history: prior to 12,000 cal yr BP, the site supported tundra vegetation and fire episodes were infrequent. Between 12,000 and 11,000 cal yr BP, Picea-Pinus parkland was established and fire activity increased; these changes are consistent with increasing temperature, as a result of rising summer insolation. From 11,000 to 7600 cal yr BP, the presence of a closed forest of Pinus and some Picea is attributed to high levels of winter moisture, but high fire activity indicates that summers were drier than at present. After 7600 cal yr BP, the presence of forest and steppe vegetation in combination with high fire activity suggest that middle-Holocene conditions were warm and dry. The decrease in Picea and Betula in the last 4000 cal yr indicates continued drying in the late Holocene, although fire-episode frequency was relatively high until 2000 cal yr BP. The pollen data at Blacktail Pond and other low-elevation sites in the northern Rocky Mountains suggest a widespread vegetation response in summer-wet regions to effectively wetter conditions in the early Holocene and decreased moisture in the middle and late Holocene. In contrast, the more-variable fire history among the three sites implies either that (1) summer moisture stress and fire conditions are related to year-round moisture balance and not well predicted by the hypothesis, (2) the transitional area between summer-wet and summer-dry precipitation regimes experienced complicated shifts in effective moisture through time, and/or (3) fire-episode data have a limited source area that makes it difficult to separate local influences from regional climate changes in understanding long-term variations in fire-episode frequency.
Book Synopsis Human Impact on the Western Po Valley Vegetation in the Holocene by : Rosanna Caramiello
Download or read book Human Impact on the Western Po Valley Vegetation in the Holocene written by Rosanna Caramiello and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recent and Holocene Fire, Climate, and Vegetation Linkages in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA by : Mitchell J. Power
Download or read book Recent and Holocene Fire, Climate, and Vegetation Linkages in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA written by Mitchell J. Power and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
