Daisy Petals and Mushroom Clouds

Download Daisy Petals and Mushroom Clouds PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807142964
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Daisy Petals and Mushroom Clouds by : Robert Mann

Download or read book Daisy Petals and Mushroom Clouds written by Robert Mann and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2011-11-07 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The grainy black-and-white television ad shows a young girl in a flower-filled meadow, holding a daisy and plucking its petals, which she counts one by one. As the camera slowly zooms in on her eye, a man's solemn countdown replaces hers. At zero the little girl's eye is engulfed by an atomic mushroom cloud. As the inferno roils in the background, President Lyndon B. Johnson's voice intones, "These are the stakes -- to make a world in which all of God's children can live, or to go into the dark. We must either love each other, or we must die." In this thought-provoking and highly readable book, Robert Mann provides a concise, engaging study of the "Daisy Girl" ad, widely acknowledged as the most important and memorable political ad in American history. Commissioned by Johnson's campaign and aired only once during Johnson's 1964 presidential contest against Barry Goldwater, it remains an iconic piece of electoral propaganda, intertwining cold war fears of nuclear annihilation with the increasingly savvy world of media and advertising. Mann presents a nuanced view of how Johnson's campaign successfully cast Barry Goldwater as a radical too dangerous to control the nation's nuclear arsenal, a depiction that sparked immediate controversy across the United States. Repeatedly analyzed in countless books and articles, the spot purportedly destroyed Goldwater's presidential campaign. Although that degree of impact on the Goldwater campaign is debatable, what is certain is that the ad ushered in a new era of political advertising using emotional appeals as a routine aspect of campaign strategy.

Mushroom Clouds and Mushroom Men

Download Mushroom Clouds and Mushroom Men PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781449027711
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (277 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mushroom Clouds and Mushroom Men by : Peter H. Brothers

Download or read book Mushroom Clouds and Mushroom Men written by Peter H. Brothers and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here, for the first time in English print, is the inspiring story of a humble and soft-spoken man who became one of the most-prolific directors in the history of fantasy films. Raised in a primitive Japanese village by a Buddhist monk, Ishiro Honda fell in love with films at a young age and soon enrolled in film school with the intent of one day becoming a director. Called to enlist in the Imperial Japanese Army druing World War II, he returned with a knowledge of the futility of war and a dread of the atomic age. A dedicated craftsman who directed over 80 films during a remarkable 60-plus year career, Honda is undeservedly remembered mostly as the "greatest director" of the famous Japanese monster film series; however, he was in fact much more. Utelizing a wide-variety of source material never before assembled into one volume, Mushroom Clouds and Mushroom Men is an objective critical analysis and definitve study of a man whose fantasy films -- when seen in their original versions -- are "beautiful nightmares" of quality and subtext which transcend the visceral thrill of watching monsters destroying cities. Honda's admirers include George Lucas, Martin Scorsese and Steven Spielberg and his films are masterpieces of entertainment that have enthralled audiences for generations . . . and will for generations to come.

Celluloid Mushroom Clouds

Download Celluloid Mushroom Clouds PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429981422
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Celluloid Mushroom Clouds by : Joyce Evans

Download or read book Celluloid Mushroom Clouds written by Joyce Evans and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-03-05 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Celluloid Mushroom Clouds is a historical account of how the movie industry responded to specific economic and political forces over the postwar years. Joyce Evans investigates the transformation of the imagery associated with atomic technology found in Hollywood film produced and distributed between 1947 and 1964. Incorporating qualitative and quantitative research methods, over 90 films are analyzed in terms of their historical context and the context of film production and distribution.The industry-focused approach presented in the book views cultural production as a material process unfolding under specific economic, political, and cultural conditions and emphasizes the ?pressures and limits? of production that are inscribed in cinematic texts. The study illustrates in concrete detail how the cinematic texts negotiated by audiences are produced in highly concentrated industries and are constructed as a result of often contradictory determinants. These determinants work to shape the texts produced by encouraging, for example, the production of particular genres and by privileging a specific set of images over others. Evans argues that through these images, Hollywood articulated a limited critique of the Cold War ideology, which it also helped to create. She concludes that Hollywood's overall ideological effect has been to restrict the discursive means available for defining social reality.

Monsters, Mushroom Clouds, and the Cold War

Download Monsters, Mushroom Clouds, and the Cold War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313073627
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Monsters, Mushroom Clouds, and the Cold War by : M. Keith Booker

Download or read book Monsters, Mushroom Clouds, and the Cold War written by M. Keith Booker and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2001-05-30 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1950s are widely regarded as the golden age of American science fiction. This book surveys a wide range of major science fiction novels and films from the long 1950s--the period from 1946 to 1964--when the tensions of the Cold War were at their peak. The American science fiction novels and films of this period clearly reflect Cold War anxieties and tensions through their focus on such themes as alien invasion and nuclear holocaust. In this sense, they resemble the observations of social and cultural critics during the same period. Meanwhile, American science fiction of the long 1950s also engages its historical and political contexts through an interrogation of phenomena, such as alienation and routinization, that can be seen as consequences of the development of American capitalism during this period. This economic trend is part of the rise of the global phenomenon that Marxist theorists have called late capitalism. Thus, American science fiction during this period reflects the rise of late capitalism and participates in the beginnings of postmodernism, described by Frederic Jameson as the cultural logic of late capitalism.

Mushroom Clouds

Download Mushroom Clouds PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 9780367694890
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (948 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mushroom Clouds by : Simon C. Estok

Download or read book Mushroom Clouds written by Simon C. Estok and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mushroom Clouds: Ecocritical Approaches to Militarization and the Environment in East Asia examines the growing significance of the eco-implications of the increasing militarism of East Asia. As a transcultural image and metaphor, mushroom clouds signify anthropogenic violence and destruction, as exemplified by wars and nuclear bombings. Immediately evoking memories of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the mushroom clouds metaphor has deep roots and implications in East Asia, and this volume explores these roots and implications from the perspectives of a variety of scholars and artists from different parts of East Asia. The chapters that comprise Mushroom Clouds respond to the increasingly dangerous developments in the world that led up to and have occurred since the 2016 presidential election of Donald Trump, developments that threaten the stability of the region and the world. In the wake of the 70th anniversary of the division of Korea, increasing attention has been focused on the legacy of the Cold War, on the one hand, and on the continuing militarization of East Asia, on the other. After the nuclear bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, after the truce across the 38th parallel, after the shelling of Kinmen and Matsu, East Asia became (and remains) one of the most densely militarized regions in the world. Under the shadow of war, however, the concern about environmental impacts has been growing, not only in social discourse but also in literature and the visual arts. The first of its kind, Mushroom Clouds gathers ecocritics from East Asia to examine issues such as militarization, militarized islands, military tourism, military villages, post-war environments, nuclear accidents, and the demilitarized sone (DMZ) wildlife, among others, in East Asia.

Restricted Data

Download Restricted Data PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226833445
Total Pages : 558 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Restricted Data by : Alex Wellerstein

Download or read book Restricted Data written by Alex Wellerstein and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2024-04-23 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first full history of US nuclear secrecy, from its origins in the late 1930s to our post–Cold War present. The American atomic bomb was born in secrecy. From the moment scientists first conceived of its possibility to the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and beyond, there were efforts to control the spread of nuclear information and the newly discovered scientific facts that made such powerful weapons possible. The totalizing scientific secrecy that the atomic bomb appeared to demand was new, unusual, and very nearly unprecedented. It was foreign to American science and American democracy—and potentially incompatible with both. From the beginning, this secrecy was controversial, and it was always contested. The atomic bomb was not merely the application of science to war, but the result of decades of investment in scientific education, infrastructure, and global collaboration. If secrecy became the norm, how would science survive? Drawing on troves of declassified files, including records released by the government for the first time through the author’s efforts, Restricted Data traces the complex evolution of the US nuclear secrecy regime from the first whisper of the atomic bomb through the mounting tensions of the Cold War and into the early twenty-first century. A compelling history of powerful ideas at war, it tells a story that feels distinctly American: rich, sprawling, and built on the conflict between high-minded idealism and ugly, fearful power.

Mushroom Clouds

Download Mushroom Clouds PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100033371X
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mushroom Clouds by : Simon C. Estok

Download or read book Mushroom Clouds written by Simon C. Estok and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-03-28 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mushroom Clouds: Ecocritical Approaches to Militarization and the Environment in East Asia examines the growing significance of the eco-implications of the increasing militarism of East Asia. As a transcultural image and metaphor, mushroom clouds signify anthropogenic violence and destruction, as exemplified by wars and nuclear bombings. Immediately evoking memories of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the mushroom clouds metaphor has deep roots and implications in East Asia, and this volume explores these roots and implications from the perspectives of a variety of scholars and artists from different parts of East Asia. The chapters that comprise Mushroom Clouds respond to the increasingly dangerous developments in the world that led up to and have occurred since the 2016 presidential election of Donald Trump, developments that threaten the stability of the region and the world. In the wake of the 70th anniversary of the division of Korea, increasing attention has been focused on the legacy of the Cold War, on the one hand, and on the continuing militarization of East Asia, on the other. After the nuclear bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, after the truce across the 38th parallel, after the shelling of Kinmen and Matsu, East Asia became (and remains) one of the most densely militarized regions in the world. Under the shadow of war, however, the concern about environmental impacts has been growing, not only in social discourse but also in literature and the visual arts. The first of its kind, Mushroom Clouds gathers ecocritics from East Asia to examine issues such as militarization, militarized islands, military tourism, military villages, post-war environments, nuclear accidents, and the demilitarized sone (DMZ) wildlife, among others, in East Asia.

Skybourne

Download Skybourne PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Boom! Studios
ISBN 13 : 1613986572
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (139 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Skybourne by : Frank Cho

Download or read book Skybourne written by Frank Cho and published by Boom! Studios. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arthurian legend is alive and well in the modern world, including mythical creatures, fantastical locales, and the one true sword of the king, Excalibur. But when the evil Merlin returns to lay claim to the impossible weapon, only one man can stand in his way—the immortal Thomas Skybourne. Written and illustrated by industry legend Frank Cho (Liberty Meadows, Savage Wolverine), Skybourne is a thrilling blend of fantasy and espionage action that updates the legends of King Arthur for a modern-day reader.

Paper Cranes and Mushroom Clouds

Download Paper Cranes and Mushroom Clouds PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443898376
Total Pages : 115 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Paper Cranes and Mushroom Clouds by : Alexandra Perry

Download or read book Paper Cranes and Mushroom Clouds written by Alexandra Perry and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-17 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bernard Williams begins his skeptical look at the history of ethical theory with a reminder of where it began, with Socrates’ question, “how should one live?” If ethics aims to address the question of “how one should live”, then the work of historians may just be our greatest source of what Mill called “experiments in living” or narratives about the different ways in which humans have lived. Williams claimed that distance establishes a relativism that prevents us from looking to the distant past and asking whether that is “how one should live”, or whether a particular historical practice constituted “living well.” In contrast, R.G. Collingwood claimed that it is not only possible, but necessary, to hold the beliefs of distant agents in order to avoid “scissors and paste” history, or history that makes use of inductive generalization. Surveying seven decades worth of historical writing on the conflict between the US and Japan during World War II, this book explores the ways in which historians use moral statements in their writing, and particularly in their accounts of political leadership. Specifically, it identifies six distinct modes of moral reasoning used in history, and contrasts these modes of reasoning with the Kantian, Utilitarian, and Aristotelian modes of reasoning found in traditional moral philosophy. Finally, drawing on the philosophy of history of both Williams and Collingwood, the book reconciles skepticism with the possibility of using the past to understand how one should live with the historian’s need to avoid scissors and paste history.

Chris Drury

Download Chris Drury PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Center for American Places
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Chris Drury by : Ann M. Wolfe

Download or read book Chris Drury written by Ann M. Wolfe and published by Center for American Places. This book was released on 2009 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "British artist Chris Drury has been lauded for his many installations and site-specific works that investigate themes related to the environment." "In Mushrooms/Clouds, a series of artworks commissioned by the Nevada Museum of Art in Reno, Drury brought an international perspective to topics ranging from land and water appropriation to nuclear testing in the American West. In many of these works, Drury utilizes materials collected from such places as Pyramid Lake, Donner State Park, and the Nevada Test Site to engage viewers in the many connections between art and the environment at the micro and macro scales. Drury's embrace of metaphor and analogy also offers multiple meanings with the objects and artwork he creats. He makes visual the myriad connections between the natural and built environment and the historical interface of culture, ecology, economists, and politics on a place." --Book Jacket.

Daisy Petals and Mushroom Clouds

Download Daisy Petals and Mushroom Clouds PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807142956
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Daisy Petals and Mushroom Clouds by : Robert Mann

Download or read book Daisy Petals and Mushroom Clouds written by Robert Mann and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2011-11-07 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly analyzes the controversial "Daisy Girl" ad run by Lyndon B. Johnson's presidential campaign in 1964, which painted Barry Goldwater as a radical who would lead the United States into nuclear annihilation -- provided by publisher.

Arts of Living on a Damaged Planet

Download Arts of Living on a Damaged Planet PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 1452954496
Total Pages : 709 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (529 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Arts of Living on a Damaged Planet by : Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing

Download or read book Arts of Living on a Damaged Planet written by Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2017-05-30 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Living on a damaged planet challenges who we are and where we live. This timely anthology calls on twenty eminent humanists and scientists to revitalize curiosity, observation, and transdisciplinary conversation about life on earth. As human-induced environmental change threatens multispecies livability, Arts of Living on a Damaged Planet puts forward a bold proposal: entangled histories, situated narratives, and thick descriptions offer urgent “arts of living.” Included are essays by scholars in anthropology, ecology, science studies, art, literature, and bioinformatics who posit critical and creative tools for collaborative survival in a more-than-human Anthropocene. The essays are organized around two key figures that also serve as the publication’s two openings: Ghosts, or landscapes haunted by the violences of modernity; and Monsters, or interspecies and intraspecies sociality. Ghosts and Monsters are tentacular, windy, and arboreal arts that invite readers to encounter ants, lichen, rocks, electrons, flying foxes, salmon, chestnut trees, mud volcanoes, border zones, graves, radioactive waste—in short, the wonders and terrors of an unintended epoch. Contributors: Karen Barad, U of California, Santa Cruz; Kate Brown, U of Maryland, Baltimore; Carla Freccero, U of California, Santa Cruz; Peter Funch, Aarhus U; Scott F. Gilbert, Swarthmore College; Deborah M. Gordon, Stanford U; Donna J. Haraway, U of California, Santa Cruz; Andreas Hejnol, U of Bergen, Norway; Ursula K. Le Guin; Marianne Elisabeth Lien, U of Oslo; Andrew Mathews, U of California, Santa Cruz; Margaret McFall-Ngai, U of Hawaii, Manoa; Ingrid M. Parker, U of California, Santa Cruz; Mary Louise Pratt, NYU; Anne Pringle, U of Wisconsin, Madison; Deborah Bird Rose, U of New South Wales, Sydney; Dorion Sagan; Lesley Stern, U of California, San Diego; Jens-Christian Svenning, Aarhus U.

Ploughing the Clouds

Download Ploughing the Clouds PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : City Lights Books
ISBN 13 : 0872868915
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (728 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ploughing the Clouds by : Peter Lamborn Wilson

Download or read book Ploughing the Clouds written by Peter Lamborn Wilson and published by City Lights Books. This book was released on 2021-10-20 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rig Veda, written in India about 1500BC, praises a holy plant called Soma, which is sacrificed and consumed, granting the drinker an experience of enlightenment and ecstasy. The late Gordon Wasson identified Soma as a "magic mushroom," Amanita muscaria, and he and his followers discovered that such Indo-Europeans as the ancient Greeks, Iranians and Norse had also used a Soma-type plant. In Ploughing the Clouds Peter Lamborn Wilson investigates the probability of a Soma cult in ancient Ireland, tracing clues in Irish (and other Celtic) lore. By comparing Celtic folktales, romances, epics and topographic lore with the Rig Veda, he uncovers the Irish branch of the great Indo-European tradition of psychedelic (or "entheogenic") shamanism, and even reconstructs some of its secret rituals. He uses this comparative material to illuminate the deep meaning of the Soma-function in all cultures: the entheogenic origin of "poetic frenzy," the link between intoxication and inspiration.

The Nuclear Arms Race

Download The Nuclear Arms Race PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Companies
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 582 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Nuclear Arms Race by : Paul P. Craig

Download or read book The Nuclear Arms Race written by Paul P. Craig and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1990 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of a very current interdisciplinary book covers both technical material and social issues, to give readers of all backgrounds a sense of the overall implications of the arms race. Weapons are the primary focus of the book, with the history of their development and nuclear politics included in the introductory chapters. There is a thorough discussion of global nuclear exchange, which considers the consequences of an all-out nuclear war, the psychological impact of the threat and actual nuclear war; the atomic bombings of Japan; and the biological effects of radiation from nuclear weapons.

The Theory of Clouds

Download The Theory of Clouds PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
ISBN 13 : 9780151014286
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (142 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Theory of Clouds by : Stéphane Audeguy

Download or read book The Theory of Clouds written by Stéphane Audeguy and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 2007 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The novel tells the story of Akira Kumo, a retired couturier living in Paris, owner of the world's largest collection of books about clouds, and Virginie Latour, whom Kumo hires to help catalogue his library. While they work he tells her the story behind three figures in particular, all British, all obsessed by clouds: Luke Howard, a real-life Quaker who in 1802 wrote the first treatise classifying clouds (we still use it today); a painter named Carmichael, clearly based on John Constable, one of the most famous cloud painters of all time, and a fictional amateur meteorologist named Richard Abercrombie, who aspires to write the definitive book on cloud description, which would come to be known in cloud circles as the Abercrombie Protocol. Kumo sends Virginie Latour to London to buy the Protocol. By the end of the novel, we learn the Protocol's great secret; we understand what binds these men together; and and we learn that Kumo himself is a survivor of the Hiroshima blast, in whose cloud his family vanished.

Atomic Tunes

Download Atomic Tunes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253056179
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Atomic Tunes by : Tim Smolko

Download or read book Atomic Tunes written by Tim Smolko and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the soundtrack for a nuclear war? During the Cold War, over 500 songs were written about nuclear weapons, fear of the Soviet Union, civil defense, bomb shelters, McCarthyism, uranium mining, the space race, espionage, the Berlin Wall, and glasnost. This music uncovers aspects of these world-changing events that documentaries and history books cannot. In Atomic Tunes, Tim and Joanna Smolko explore everything from the serious to the comical, the morbid to the crude, showing the widespread concern among musicians coping with the effect of communism on American society and the threat of a nuclear conflict of global proportions. Atomic Tunes presents a musical history of the Cold War, analyzing the songs that capture the fear of those who lived under the shadow of Stalin, Sputnik, mushroom clouds, and missiles.

The Mushroom at the End of the World

Download The Mushroom at the End of the World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691220557
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Mushroom at the End of the World by : Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing

Download or read book The Mushroom at the End of the World written by Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A tale of diversity within our damaged landscapes, The Mushroom at the End of the World follows one of the strangest commodity chains of our times to explore the unexpected corners of capitalism. Here, we witness the varied and peculiar worlds of matsutake commerce: the worlds of Japanese gourmets, capitalist traders, Hmong jungle fighters, industrial forests, Yi Chinese goat herders, Finnish nature guides, and more. These companions also lead us into fungal ecologies and forest histories to better understand the promise of cohabitation in a time of massive human destruction."--Publisher's description.