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Multiscale X Ray Analysis Of Biological Cells And Tissues By Scanning Diffraction And Coherent Imaging
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Book Synopsis Multiscale X-Ray Analysis of Biological Cells and Tissues by Scanning Diffraction and Coherent Imaging by : Jan-David Nicolas
Download or read book Multiscale X-Ray Analysis of Biological Cells and Tissues by Scanning Diffraction and Coherent Imaging written by Jan-David Nicolas and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past 70 years of muscle research have profoundly shaped our current understanding of the structure and function of muscle. X-ray diffraction became a key method in its structural analysis and yielded valuable insights into the molecular arrangement of the contraction apparatus. This work employs an extension of the X-ray diffraction methodology, scanning X-ray diffraction, for structural imaging of biological cells and tissue. With this technique periodicites in a structure on the order of several nanometers can be detected and, by raster scanning of the X-ray beam over the sample, imag...
Book Synopsis Multiscale X-Ray Analysis of Biological Cells and Tissues by Scanning Diffraction and Coherent Imaging by : Jan-David Nicolas
Download or read book Multiscale X-Ray Analysis of Biological Cells and Tissues by Scanning Diffraction and Coherent Imaging written by Jan-David Nicolas and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the intricate details of muscle contraction has a long-standing tradition in biophysical research. X-ray diffraction has been one of the key techniques to resolve the nanometer-sized molecular machinery involved in force generation. Modern, powerful X-ray sources now provide billions of X-ray photons in time intervals as short as microseconds, enabling fast time-resolved experiments that shed further light on the complex relationship between muscle structure and function. Another approach harnesses this power by repeatedly performing such an experiment at different locations in a sample. With millions of repeated exposures in a single experiment, X-ray diffraction can seamlessly be turned into a raster imaging method, neatly combining real- and reciprocal space information. This thesis has focused on the advancement of this scanning scheme and its application to soft biological tissue, in particular muscle tissue. Special emphasis was placed on the extraction of meaningful, quantitative structural parameters such as the interfilament distance of the actomyosin lattice in cardiac muscle. The method was further adapted to image biological samples on a range of scales, from isolated cells to millimeter-sized tissue sections. Due to the ‘photon-hungry’ nature of the technique, its full potential is often exploited in combination with full-field imaging techniques. From the vast set of microscopic tools available, coherent full-field X-ray imaging has proven to be particularly useful. This multimodal approach allows to correlate two- and three-dimensional images of cells and tissue with diffraction maps of structure parameters. With the set of tools developed in this thesis, scanning X-ray diffraction can now be efficiently used for the structural analysis of soft biological tissues with overarching future applications in biophysical and biomedical research.
Book Synopsis Multiscale X-ray Structural Analysis of Cardiac Cells and Tissues by : Marius Reichardt
Download or read book Multiscale X-ray Structural Analysis of Cardiac Cells and Tissues written by Marius Reichardt and published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen. This book was released on 2022 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cardiac function relies on an intricate molecular and cellular three-dimensional (3d) architecture of a complex, dense and co-dependent cellular network. Structural alterations of the cardiac structure can affect its essential function and lead to severe dysfunction of the organ. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide with a rising incidence. However, it is not possible to give a generalized answer how the heart is formed. Up to now, cardiac structure as well as physiologic and disease-related tissue alterations of the tissue are mainly investigated by established 2d imaging methods such as optical microscopy or electron microscopy. This work presents a multiscale and multimodal X-ray imaging approach, which allows to probe the heart structure from the scale of entire intact murine hearts to the molecular organisation of the sarcomer structure. While the molecular structure of the actomyosin complex is probed by scanning X-ray diffraction, the 3d arrangement of the cellular network is investigated by propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast tomography. In this context, the concept of 3d virtual histology of cardiac tissue by X-ray phase-contrast tomography using laboratory sources as well as highly coherent synchrotron radiation is being further developed.
Book Synopsis A Study on New Approaches in Coherent X-ray Microscopy of Biological Specimens by : Klaus Giewekemeyer
Download or read book A Study on New Approaches in Coherent X-ray Microscopy of Biological Specimens written by Klaus Giewekemeyer and published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen. This book was released on 2011 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of coherent x rays for microscopic imaging has seen a rapid and ongoing development within the past decade, driven by an increasing availability of highly brilliant and coherent sources worldwide. Accordingly, novel methods have been developed, which replace the microscope‘s objective lens by a numerical reconstruction scheme. The aim of the present work is to study how very recent experimental and algorithmic developments in the field can be implemented towards a highly sensitive and fully quantitative microscopy method for imaging of biological cells. To this end, different experimental approaches are studied, based on coherent far-field as well as near-field diffraction. At first, an application of the novel ptychographic imaging method to single biological cells is presented. In particular, it is demonstrated how weakly scattering biological specimens can be imaged with fully quantitative density contrast. Alongside, a sueccessful extension of the method towards soft x-ray energies is described.In the second part of the work it is shown how x-ray waveguides can be used as a point source for propagation-based microscopy of single cells in the hard x-ray regime. The specifically devised iterative reconstruction scheme allows for full quantitativity and high sensitivity and thus enables an application to single biological cells. The work contains a thorough introduction into the x-ray optical methods applied and aims at a useful and self-contained overview on aspects of signal and Fourier theory relevant for the used numerical propagation schemes.
Book Synopsis Coherent X-ray diffractive imaging on the single-cell-level of microbial samples by : Robin Niklas Wilke
Download or read book Coherent X-ray diffractive imaging on the single-cell-level of microbial samples written by Robin Niklas Wilke and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its first experimental demonstration in 1999, Coherent X-Ray Diffractive Imaging has become one of the most promising high resolution X-Ray imaging techniques using coherent radiation produced by brilliant synchrotron storage rings. The ability to directly invert diffraction data with the help of advanced algorithms has paved the way for microscopic investigations and wave-field analyses on the spatial scale of nanometres without the need for inefficient imaging lenses. X-Ray phase contrast which is a measure of the electron density is an important contrast mode of soft biological specimens. For the case of many dominant elements of soft biological matter, the electron density can be converted into an effective mass density offering a unique quantitative information channel which may shed light on important questions such as DNA compaction in the bacterial nucleoid through ‚weighing with light‘. In this work X-Ray phase contrast maps have been obtained from different biological samples by exploring different methods. In particular, the techniques Ptychography and Waveguide-Holographic-Imaging have been used to obtain twodimensional and three-dimensional mass density maps on the single-cell-level of freeze-dried cells of the bacteria Deinococcus radiodurans, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis allowing, for instance, to estimate the dry weight of the bacterial genome in a near native state. On top of this, reciprocal space information from coherent small angle X-Ray scattering (cellular Nano-Diffraction) of the fine structure of the bacterial cells has been recorded in a synergistic manner and has been analysed down to a resolution of about 2.3/nm exceeding current limits of direct imaging approaches. Furthermore, the dynamic range of present detector technology being one of the major limiting factors of ptychographic phasing of farfield diffraction data has been significantly increased. Overcoming this problem for the case of the very intense X-Ray beam produced by Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors has been explored by using semi-transparent central stops.
Book Synopsis Scanning X-ray nano-diffraction on eukaryotic cells by : Britta Weinhausen
Download or read book Scanning X-ray nano-diffraction on eukaryotic cells written by Britta Weinhausen and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-rays provide an ideal probe for studying structures at the nano-scale and are routinely employed for investigating the structure and the composition of biological systems, making use of the variety of different techniques. By raster scanning the sample with a small beam, structural information obtained from individual scattering patterns in reciprocal space can be combined with positional information in real space. In this work, scanning X-ray diffraction using a nano-focused beam was applied to samples of biological cells in order to probe the structure of cytoskeletal bundles and networks of keratin intermediate filaments. Cellular samples were prepared using different methods, starting from well-established freeze-dried samples and going on to fixed-hydrated and finally living cells. In this context, the development of X-ray compatible microfluidic devices allowing for measurements on living cellular samples was an important aspect. Comparing the scattering signal from freeze-dried, fixed-hydrated and living cells, differences between the sample types at length scales of several tens of nanometers were determined. The successful application to hydrated and living cells further demonstrates the potential for structural analysis at hardly accessible length scales in native samples. Published: 2014
Book Synopsis Cone-beam X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography of Biological Samples by : Matthias Bartels
Download or read book Cone-beam X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography of Biological Samples written by Matthias Bartels and published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen. This book was released on 2013 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three-dimensional information of entire objects can be obtained by the remarkable technique of computed tomography (CT). In combination with phase sensitive X-ray imaging high contrast for soft tissue structures can be achieved as opposed to CT based on classical radiography. In this work biological samples ranging from micrometer sized single cells over multi-cellular nerve tissue to entire millimeter sized organs are investigated by use of cone-beam propagationbased X-ray phase contrast. Optimization with respect to contrast, resolution and field of view is achieved by addressing instrumentation, sample preparation and phase reconstruction techniques. By using laboratory sources functional soft tissue within the bony capsule of mouse cochleae is visualized in 3D with unprecedented image quality. At synchrotron storage rings the technique reveals more than 1000 axons running in parallel within a mouse nerve and enables doseefficient three-dimensional cellular imaging as well as two-dimensional imaging at high resolutions below 50 nm.
Book Synopsis Nanoscale Photonic Imaging by : Tim Salditt
Download or read book Nanoscale Photonic Imaging written by Tim Salditt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, edited and authored by a team of world-leading researchers, provides a broad overview of advanced photonic methods for nanoscale visualization, as well as describing a range of fascinating in-depth studies. Introductory chapters cover the most relevant physics and basic methods that young researchers need to master in order to work effectively in the field of nanoscale photonic imaging, from physical first principles, to instrumentation, to mathematical foundations of imaging and data analysis. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how these cutting edge methods are applied to a variety of systems, including complex fluids and biomolecular systems, for visualizing their structure and dynamics, in space and on timescales extending over many orders of magnitude down to the femtosecond range. Progress in nanoscale photonic imaging in Göttingen has been the sum total of more than a decade of work by a wide range of scientists and mathematicians across disciplines, working together in a vibrant collaboration of a kind rarely matched. This volume presents the highlights of their research achievements and serves as a record of the unique and remarkable constellation of contributors, as well as looking ahead at the future prospects in this field. It will serve not only as a useful reference for experienced researchers but also as a valuable point of entry for newcomers.
Book Synopsis X-ray Microscopy by : Ping-chin Cheng
Download or read book X-ray Microscopy written by Ping-chin Cheng and published by Springer. This book was released on 1987 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Visualizing Chemistry by : National Research Council
Download or read book Visualizing Chemistry written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-06-01 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists and engineers have long relied on the power of imaging techniques to help see objects invisible to the naked eye, and thus, to advance scientific knowledge. These experts are constantly pushing the limits of technology in pursuit of chemical imagingâ€"the ability to visualize molecular structures and chemical composition in time and space as actual events unfoldâ€"from the smallest dimension of a biological system to the widest expanse of a distant galaxy. Chemical imaging has a variety of applications for almost every facet of our daily lives, ranging from medical diagnosis and treatment to the study and design of material properties in new products. In addition to highlighting advances in chemical imaging that could have the greatest impact on critical problems in science and technology, Visualizing Chemistry reviews the current state of chemical imaging technology, identifies promising future developments and their applications, and suggests a research and educational agenda to enable breakthrough improvements.
Book Synopsis Modern Diagnostic X-Ray Sources by : Rolf Behling
Download or read book Modern Diagnostic X-Ray Sources written by Rolf Behling and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-04-18 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gives an up-to-date summary of X-ray source design for applications in modern diagnostic medical imaging. Lays a sound groundwork for education and advanced training in the physics of X-ray production and X-ray interactions with matter. Includes a historical overview of X-ray tube and generator development, including key achievements leading up to the current technological and economic state of the field.
Book Synopsis Coherent X-Ray Optics by : David Paganin
Download or read book Coherent X-Ray Optics written by David Paganin and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-01-12 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a thorough treatment of the rapidly-expanding field of coherent x-ray optics, which has recently experienced something of a renaissance with the availability of third-generation synchrotron sources. It is the first book of its kind. The author begins with a treatment of the fundamentals of x-ray diffraction for both coherent and partially coherent radiation, together with the interactions of x-rays with matter. X-ray sources, optics elements and detectors are then discussed, with an emphasis on their role in coherent x-ray optics. Various facets of coherent x-ray imaging are then discussed, including holography, interferometry, self imaging, phase contrast and phase retrieval. Lastly, the foundations of the new field of singular x-ray optics are examined. Most topics are developed from first principles, with numerous references given to the contemporary research literature. This book will be useful to x-ray physicists and students, together with optical physicists and engineers who wish to learn more about the fascinating subject of coherent x-ray optics.
Book Synopsis Second Harmonic Generation Imaging by : Francesco S. Pavone
Download or read book Second Harmonic Generation Imaging written by Francesco S. Pavone and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has shown great promise for imaging live cells and tissues, with applications in basic science, medical research, and tissue engineering. Second Harmonic Generation Imaging offers a complete guide to this optical modality, from basic principles, instrumentation, methods, and image analysis to biomedical a
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers by : Eberhard J. Jaeschke
Download or read book Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers written by Eberhard J. Jaeschke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardly any other discovery of the nineteenth century did have such an impact on science and technology as Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen’s seminal find of the X-rays. X-ray tubes soon made their way as excellent instruments for numerous applications in medicine, biology, materials science and testing, chemistry and public security. Developing new radiation sources with higher brilliance and much extended spectral range resulted in stunning developments like the electron synchrotron and electron storage ring and the freeelectron laser. This handbook highlights these developments in fifty chapters. The reader is given not only an inside view of exciting science areas but also of design concepts for the most advanced light sources. The theory of synchrotron radiation and of the freeelectron laser, design examples and the technology basis are presented. The handbook presents advanced concepts like seeding and harmonic generation, the booming field of Terahertz radiation sources and upcoming brilliant light sources driven by laser-plasma accelerators. The applications of the most advanced light sources and the advent of nanobeams and fully coherent x-rays allow experiments from which scientists in the past could not even dream. Examples are the diffraction with nanometer resolution, imaging with a full 3D reconstruction of the object from a diffraction pattern, measuring the disorder in liquids with high spatial and temporal resolution. The 20th century was dedicated to the development and improvement of synchrotron light sources with an ever ongoing increase of brilliance. With ultrahigh brilliance sources, the 21st century will be the century of x-ray lasers and their applications. Thus, we are already close to the dream of condensed matter and biophysics: imaging single (macro)molecules and measuring their dynamics on the femtosecond timescale to produce movies with atomic resolution.
Book Synopsis MicroComputed Tomography by : Stuart R. Stock
Download or read book MicroComputed Tomography written by Stuart R. Stock and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the availability of commercial laboratory systems and the emergence of user facilities at synchrotron radiation sources, studies of microcomputed tomography or microCT have increased exponentially. MicroComputed Technology provides a complete introduction to the technology, describing how to use it effectively and understand its results. The first part of the book focuses on methodology, covering experimental methods, data analysis, and visualization approaches. The second part addresses various microCT applications, including porous solids, microstructural evolution, soft tissue studies, multimode studies, and indirect analyses. The author presents a sufficient amount of fundamental material so that those new to the field can develop a relative understanding of how to design their own microCT studies. One of the first full-length references dedicated to microCT, this book provides an accessible introduction to field, supplemented with application examples and color images.
Book Synopsis Fourier Ptychographic Imaging by : Guoan Zheng
Download or read book Fourier Ptychographic Imaging written by Guoan Zheng and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2016-06-30 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates the concept of Fourier ptychography, a new imaging technique that bypasses the resolution limit of the employed optics. In particular, it transforms the general challenge of high-throughput, high-resolution imaging from one that is coupled to the physical limitations of the optics to one that is solvable through computation. Demonstrated in a tutorial form and providing many MATLAB® simulation examples for the reader, it also discusses the experimental implementation and recent developments of Fourier ptychography. This book will be of interest to researchers and engineers learning simulation techniques for Fourier optics and the Fourier ptychography concept.
Book Synopsis Imaging Living Cells by : Rosario Rizzuto
Download or read book Imaging Living Cells written by Rosario Rizzuto and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for bench-top use, this lab manual is suitable for both scientists and graduate students, since it combines an update on the most advanced imaging procedures with detailed protocols. Examples, carefully selected from the wide repertoire of cell pyhsiology, cover such different functional aspects as distribution of multiple ions, electrical activity, exo-endocytosis, gene expression, and the cell cycle.
