Motown Encyclopedia

Download Motown Encyclopedia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : AC Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1311441549
Total Pages : 811 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (114 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Motown Encyclopedia by : Graham Betts

Download or read book Motown Encyclopedia written by Graham Betts and published by AC Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-02 with total page 811 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motown means different things to different people. The mere mention of perhaps the most iconic record label in history is often enough to invoke memories and mental images of Marvin Gaye, Diana Ross, Stevie Wonder, The Temptations, The Jackson 5, The Supremes and numerous others. With each group recalled, there is an accompanying piece of music of the mind, from Baby Love, My Girl, Signed Sealed Delivered, I Heard It Through The Grapevine, ABC and Tears Of A Clown and countless more. Quite often, you can ask people what kind of music they like and they will simply answer ‘Motown’, and both they, and you, know exactly what is meant. Or rather, what is implied. The Motown they are invariably thinking of is the label that dominated the charts in the mid 1960s with a succession of radio friendly, dance orientated hits, most of which were written and produced by the trio of Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier and Eddie Holland. This period is referred to, naturally enough, as the Golden Era, when Motown was not only the dominant force in its home city of Detroit but carried The Sound of Young America all around the world. The kind of music that had them Dancing In the Street from Los Angeles to London, Miami to Munich and San Francisco to Sydney. It was the kind of music that attracted scores of imitators; some good, some not so good. The kind of music that appealed to the public and presidents alike, and still does. It was that Motown that this book was intended to be about. However, when you start digging deeper into the Motown story, you realise that throughout its life (which, for the purposes of this book, is its formation in 1959 through to its sale in 1988) it was constantly trying other musical genres, looking to grab hits out of jazz, country, pop, rock, middle of the road and whatever else might be happening at the time. Of course it wasn’t particularly successful at some of the other genres, although those who claim Motown never did much in the rock market conveniently overlook the healthy sales figures achieved by Rare Earth, the group, and focus instead on the total sales achieved on Rare Earth, the label. This book, therefore, contains biographies of all 684 artists who had releases on Motown and their various imprints, as well as biographies of 16 musicians, 23 producers, 19 writers and 13 executives. There are also details of the 50 or so labels that Motown owned, licensed to or licensed from. All nine films and the 17 soundtracks are also featured. Every Motown single and album and EP that made the Top Ten of the pop charts in either the US or UK also have their own entries, with 222 singles, 84 albums and five EPs being featured. Finally, there are 36 other entries, covering such topics as the Hollywood Walk of Fame, the Motortown Revues, Grammy Awards and the most played Motown songs on radio. The 1,178 entries cover every aspect of Motown and more – of the link between Granny in The Beverly Hillbillies and Wonder Woman, of the artists from Abbey Tavern Singers to Zulema, and the hits from ABC to You Really Got A Hold On Me. The Motown Encyclopedia is the story of Motown Records; Yesterday, Today, Forever.

Motown

Download Motown PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Random House
ISBN 13 : 0307538621
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (75 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Motown by : Gerald Posner

Download or read book Motown written by Gerald Posner and published by Random House. This book was released on 2009-04-02 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1959, twenty-nine-year-old Berry Gordy, who had already given up on his dream to be a champion boxer, borrowed eight hundred dollars from his family and started a record company. A run-down bungalow sandwiched between a funeral home and a beauty shop in a poor Detroit neighborhood served as his headquarters. The building’s entrance was adorned with a large sign that improbably boasted “Hitsville U.S.A.” The kitchen served as the control room, the garage became the two-track studio, the living room was reserved for bookkeeping, and sales were handled in the dining room. Soon word spread that any youngster with a streak of talent should visit the only record label that Detroit had seen in years. The company’s name was Motown. Motown cuts through decades of unsubstantiated rumors and speculation to tell the true behind-the-scenes narrative of America’s most exciting musical dynasty. It follows the company and its amazing roster of stars from the tumultuous growth years in Detroit, to the drama and intrigue of Hollywood in the 1970s, to resurgence in 2002. Set against the civil rights movement, the decay of America’s northern industrial cities, and the social upheaval of the 1960s, Motown is a tale of the incredible entrepreneurship of Berry Gordy. But it also features the moving stories of kids from Detroit’s inner-city projects who achieved remarkable success and then, in many cases, found themselves fighting the demons that so often come with stardom—drugs, jealousy, sexual indulgence, greed, and uncontrollable ambition. Motown features an extraordinary cast of characters, including Diana Ross, Michael Jackson, Marvin Gaye, Smokey Robinson, and Stevie Wonder. They are presented as they lived and worked: a clan of friends, lovers, competitors, and sometimes vicious foes. Motown reveals how the hopes and dreams of each affected the lives of the others and illustrates why this singular story is a made-in-America Greek tragedy, the rise and fall of a supremely talented yet completely dysfunctional extended family. Based on numerous original interviews and extensive documentation, Motown benefits particularly from the thousands of pages of files crammed into the basement of downtown Detroit’s Wayne County Courthouse. Those court records provide the unofficial—and hitherto largely untold—history of Motown and its stars, since almost every relationship between departing singers, songwriters, producers, and the label ended up in litigation. From its peaks in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when Motown controlled the pop charts and its stars were sought after even by the Beatles, through the inexorable slide caused by their failure to handle their stardom, Motown is a riveting and troubling look inside a music label that provided the unofficial soundtrack to an entire generation.

Icons of R&B and Soul [2 volumes]

Download Icons of R&B and Soul [2 volumes] PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313088071
Total Pages : 571 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Icons of R&B and Soul [2 volumes] by : Bob Gulla

Download or read book Icons of R&B and Soul [2 volumes] written by Bob Gulla and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2007-12-30 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawn from a mosaic of influences, including folk, gospel, and blues, R&B represents both everything that came before and nothing that was heard before. This is the music that bridged the gap between audiences and helped, at the very height of racism in America, to dismantle racial barriers. So much of today's music is derived directly from the highly influential and critically important sounds of R&B that without it we would have never known the classic soul of the late '50s and '60s, the glory days of the genre. Similarly, rock n' roll as seen through the eyes of Bill Haley and Elvis Presley would have never evolved without the foundation laid by their R&B predecessors. Through substantial entries on the chief architects and innovators, Icons of R&B and Soul offers a vibrant overview of the music's impact in American culture and how it reflected contemporary society's politics, trends, and social issues. Numerous sidebars highlight Motown, prominent record labels, hit songs, related singers and songwriters, key events, and significant aspects of the music industry. Also included is a list of important print and Web resources, as well as a list of selected recordings. An essential reference for high school and public libraries, this encyclopedia will help students explore the historical and cultural framework of R&B and soul music through the musicians who have come to define the genre. Among the featured: -Ray Charles -Little Richard -Fats Domino & New Orleans R&B -Ruth Brown -Sam Cooke -Etta James -James Brown -Aretha Franklin -The Supremes -Otis Redding -Ike & Tina Turner -Curtis Mayfield -Berry Gordy -Stevie Wonder -Marvin Gaye -Smokey Robinson -The Temptations -Prince

Motown

Download Motown PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Geographic Books
ISBN 13 : 0500294852
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Motown by : Adam White

Download or read book Motown written by Adam White and published by National Geographic Books. This book was released on 2019-01-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in paperback, the definitive visual history of Motown, the Detroit-based record company that became a music powerhouse. The music of Motown defined an era. From the Jackson 5 and Diana Ross to Stevie Wonder and Smokey Robinson, Berry Gordy and his right-hand man, Barney Ales, built the most successful independent record label in the world. Not only did Motown represent the most iconic recording artists of its time and produce countless global hits—it created a cultural institution that redefined pop and gave us the vision of a new America: vibrant, innovative, and racially equal. This new paperback edition of the first official visual history of the label includes a dazzling array of images, and unprecedented access to the archives of the makers and stars of Motown. Extensive specially commissioned photography of treasures extracted from the Motown archives, as well as the personal collections of Barney Ales and Motown stars, lends new insight into the lives of the legends. Motown also draws on interviews with key players from the label’s colorful history, including Motown founder Berry Gordy; Barney Ales; Smokey Robinson; Mary Wilson, founding member of the Supremes; and many more.

The Story of Motown

Download The Story of Motown PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Grove Press
ISBN 13 : 9780802142856
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (428 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Story of Motown by : Peter Benjaminson

Download or read book The Story of Motown written by Peter Benjaminson and published by Grove Press. This book was released on 1979 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motown was part of growing up in the 1960's and 70's. An amazing number of well-known stars worked for Motown: Diana Ross and the Supremes, Martha Reeves and the Vandellas, Gladys Knight and the Pips, Smokey Robinson and the Miracles, Jr Walker and the All Stars, Mary Wells, Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye, Tammi Terrell, Edwin Starr, David Ruffin, Eddie Kendricks, Lamont Dozier, Shorty Long, the Temptations, the Four Tops, the Fifth dimension, the Marvelettes, the Contours, the Isley Brothers, the Spinners, the Originals, the Jackson Five, the Commodores, Rare Earth, Rick James, and many others. Most were Motown stars. Many started and ended with Motown. Motown is important for other reasons. A black company, Motown made black music popular among Americans of all ages.

Encyclopedia of African American Music [3 volumes]

Download Encyclopedia of African American Music [3 volumes] PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313342008
Total Pages : 1267 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (133 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of African American Music [3 volumes] by : Tammy L. Kernodle

Download or read book Encyclopedia of African American Music [3 volumes] written by Tammy L. Kernodle and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2010-12-17 with total page 1267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African Americans' historical roots are encapsulated in the lyrics, melodies, and rhythms of their music. In the 18th and 19th centuries, African slaves, longing for emancipation, expressed their hopes and dreams through spirituals. Inspired by African civilization and culture, as well as religion, art, literature, and social issues, this influential, joyous, tragic, uplifting, challenging, and enduring music evolved into many diverse genres, including jazz, blues, rock and roll, soul, swing, and hip hop. Providing a lyrical history of our nation, this groundbreaking encyclopedia, the first of its kind, showcases all facets of African American music including folk, religious, concert and popular styles. Over 500 in-depth entries by more than 100 scholars on a vast range of topics such as genres, styles, individuals, groups, and collectives as well as historical topics such as music of the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Arts Movement, the Civil Rights Movement, and numerous others. Offering balanced representation of key individuals, groups, and ensembles associated with diverse religious beliefs, political affiliations, and other perspectives not usually approached, this indispensable reference illuminates the profound role that African American music has played in American cultural history. Editors Price, Kernodle, and Maxile provide balanced representation of various individuals, groups and ensembles associated with diverse religious beliefs, political affiliations, and perspectives. Also highlighted are the major record labels, institutions of higher learning, and various cultural venues that have had a tremendous impact on the development and preservation of African American music. Among the featured: Motown Records, Black Swan Records, Fisk University, Gospel Music Workshop of America, The Cotton Club, Center for Black Music Research, and more. With a broad scope, substantial entries, current coverage, and special attention to historical, political, and social contexts, this encyclopedia is designed specifically for high school and undergraduate students. Academic and public libraries will treasure this resource as an incomparable guide to our nation's African American heritage.

Motown: The Golden Years

Download Motown: The Golden Years PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1440225575
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Motown: The Golden Years by : Bill Dahl

Download or read book Motown: The Golden Years written by Bill Dahl and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2011-02-28 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the book for lovers of Motown! Author and Motown historian Bill Dahl has expertly compiled this comprehensive guide to the musical combination of pop and gospel, known as Motown. This new compilation features an A-to-Z listing and biography of nearly every Motown group since its beginning in 1959. Also included are never-before-published photos from former Motown promotions guru Weldon A. McDougal III. Enthusiasts will now have a chance to own a complete encyclopedia of groups and artists, along with information about their music, including a discography and price guide. • 32-page color section containing many never-before-published photos • Complete encyclopedia of groups, artists, plus discography and price guide for all Motown acts

Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World Volume 8

Download Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World Volume 8 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1441148744
Total Pages : 586 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (411 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World Volume 8 by : David Horn

Download or read book Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World Volume 8 written by David Horn and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2012-03-08 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Popular Music Volume 8 is one of six volumes within the 'Genre' strand of the series. This volume discusses the genres of North America in relation to their cultural, historical and geographic origins; technical musical characteristics; instrumentation and use of voice; lyrics and language; typical features of performance and presentation; historical development and paths and modes of dissemination; influence of technology, the music industry and political and economic circumstances; changing stylistic features; notable and influential performers; and relationships to other genres and sub-genres. This volume features over 100 in-depth essays on genres ranging from Adult Contemporary to Alternative Rock, from Barbershop to Bebop, and from Disco to Emo.

Ain't Too Proud to Beg

Download Ain't Too Proud to Beg PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Turner Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 0470632828
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (76 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ain't Too Proud to Beg by : Mark Ribowsky

Download or read book Ain't Too Proud to Beg written by Mark Ribowsky and published by Turner Publishing Company. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first and only definitive biography of legendary Motown group, the Temptations The Temptations are an incomparable soul group, with dozens of chart-topping hits such as My Girl and Papa Was a Rollin Stone. From the sharp suits, stylish choreography, and distinctive vocals that epitomized their onstage triumphs to the personal failings and psycho-dramas that played out behind the scenes, Ain't Too Proud to Beg tells the complete story of this most popular—and tragic—of all Motown super groups. Based on in-depth research and interviews with founding Temptations member Otis Williams and many others, the book reveals the highly individual, even mutually antagonistic, nature of the group's members. Venturing beyond the money and the fame, it shares the compelling tale of these sometime allies, sometime rivals and reveals the unique dynamic of push and pull and give and take that resulted in musical genius. The first book to tell the whole story of Motown's greatest group, with all-new interviews and previously undiscovered sources and photographs Gives the last word on enduring Motown mysteries, including the deaths of Paul Williams and David Ruffin and the truth behind Ruffin's tumultuous romance with Tammi Terrell Reveals the secret "can't miss" formula behind the Temptations' thirty-seven chart hits Draws on more than one hundred interviews with the group's associates, industry figures, family members, and most importantly, founding Temptation Otis Williams Ain't Too Proud to Beg takes a cohesive and penetrating look at the life and enduring legacy of one of the greatest groups in popular music. It is essential reading for fans of the Temptations, music lovers, and anyone interested in the history of American popular culture over the last fifty years.

Black Power Music!

Download Black Power Music! PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000594319
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Black Power Music! by : Reiland Rabaka

Download or read book Black Power Music! written by Reiland Rabaka and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-06-13 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black Power Music! Protest Songs, Message Music, and the Black Power Movement critically explores the soundtracks of the Black Power Movement as forms of "movement music." That is to say, much of classic Motown, soul, and funk music often mirrored and served as mouthpieces for the views and values, as well as the aspirations and frustrations, of the Black Power Movement. Black Power Music! is also about the intense interconnections between Black popular culture and Black political culture, both before and after the Black Power Movement, and the ways in which the Black Power Movement in many senses symbolizes the culmination of centuries of African American politics creatively combined with, and ingeniously conveyed through, African American music. Consequently, the term "Black Power music" can be seen as a code word for African American protest songs and message music between 1965 and 1975. "Black Power music" is a new concept that captures and conveys the fact that the majority of the messages in Black popular music between 1965 and 1975 seem to have been missed by most people who were not actively involved in, or in some significant way associated with, the Black Power Movement.

Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World, Volume 1

Download Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World, Volume 1 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 184714473X
Total Pages : 833 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (471 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World, Volume 1 by : John Shepherd

Download or read book Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World, Volume 1 written by John Shepherd and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2003-03-06 with total page 833 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Popular Music Volume 1 provides an overview of media, industry, and technology and its relationship to popular music. In 500 entries by 130 contributors from around the world, the volume explores the topic in two parts: Part I: Social and Cultural Dimensions, covers the social phenomena of relevance to the practice of popular music and Part II: The Industry, covers all aspects of the popular music industry, such as copyright, instrumental manufacture, management and marketing, record corporations, studios, companies, and labels. Entries include bibliographies, discographies and filmographies, and an extensive index is provided.

The History of R & B and Soul Music

Download The History of R & B and Soul Music PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Greenhaven Publishing LLC
ISBN 13 : 1420511335
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (25 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The History of R & B and Soul Music by : Stuart A. Kallen

Download or read book The History of R & B and Soul Music written by Stuart A. Kallen and published by Greenhaven Publishing LLC. This book was released on 2013-10-18 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rhythm and Blues, along with soul music has historically been written and produced by black Americans to reflect the African American experience in the United States. This book covers a range of styles within RandB, including boogie-woogie, Doo-Wop, jump blues, and 12-bar blues, Motown soul, 70s funk, urban contemporary, and hip hop soul.

Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World

Download Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 0826463215
Total Pages : 833 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (264 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World by :

Download or read book Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World written by and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2003-01-30 with total page 833 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ‘This is an extraordinary achievement and it will become an absolutely vital and trusted resource for everyone working in the field of popular music studies. Even more broadly, anyone interested in popular music or popular music culture more generally will enjoy - and find many uses for - the wealth of information and insight captured in this volume.' Lawrence Grossberg, Morris Davis Professor of Communication Studies and Cultural Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill The first comprehensive reference work on popular music of the world Contributors are the world's leading popular music scholars Includes extensive bibliographies, discographies, sheet music listings and filmographies. Popular music has been a major force in the world since the nineteenth century. With the advent of electronic and advanced technology it has become ubiquitous. This is the first volume in a series of encyclopedic works covering popular music of the world. Consisting of some 500 entries by 130 contributors from around the world. Entries range between 250 and 5000 words, and is arranged in two Parts: Part 1: Social and Cultural Dimensions, covering the social phenomena of relevance to the practice of popular music. Part II: The Industry, covers all aspects of the popular music industry, such as copyright, instrumental manufacture, management and marketing, record corporations, studios, companies, and labels. Entries include bibliographies, discographies and filmographies, and an extensive index is provided. For more information visit the website at: www.continuumpopmusic.com

The Encyclopedia of Popular Music

Download The Encyclopedia of Popular Music PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Omnibus Press
ISBN 13 : 0857125958
Total Pages : 1600 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (571 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Encyclopedia of Popular Music by : Colin Larkin

Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Popular Music written by Colin Larkin and published by Omnibus Press. This book was released on 2011-05-27 with total page 1600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents a comprehensive and up-to-date reference work on popular music, from the early 20th century to the present day.

Berry, Me, and Motown

Download Berry, Me, and Motown PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw-Hill/Contemporary
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Berry, Me, and Motown by : Raynoma Gordy Singleton

Download or read book Berry, Me, and Motown written by Raynoma Gordy Singleton and published by McGraw-Hill/Contemporary. This book was released on 1990 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ex-wife of Motown executive Berry Gordy, Jr., chronicles the years of her tumultuous marriage, her role at Motown, and the evolution of the company from a family business into a faceless corporation.

Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: O-T

Download Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: O-T PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0195167791
Total Pages : 2637 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: O-T by : Paul Finkelman

Download or read book Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: O-T written by Paul Finkelman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 2637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alphabetically-arranged entries from O to T that explores significant events, major persons, organizations, and political and social movements in African-American history from 1896 to the twenty-first-century.

Encyclopedia of the Blues: K-Z, index

Download Encyclopedia of the Blues: K-Z, index PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis US
ISBN 13 : 9780415927017
Total Pages : 746 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (27 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of the Blues: K-Z, index by : Edward M. Komara

Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Blues: K-Z, index written by Edward M. Komara and published by Taylor & Francis US. This book was released on 2006 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.