Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441914277
Total Pages : 3643 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning by : Norbert M. Seel

Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning written by Norbert M. Seel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 3643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences.

Motor-cognitive Dual Task Performance

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (123 download)

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Book Synopsis Motor-cognitive Dual Task Performance by : Erika C. S. Künstler

Download or read book Motor-cognitive Dual Task Performance written by Erika C. S. Künstler and published by . This book was released on 2020* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although an inherent part of everyday life, motor-cognitive dual-tasking - the ability to perform a cognitive and motor task simultaneously - still has many open questions. The mechanisms underlying these abilities are not well understood, and terms such as "attention" often make no clear distinction between various attentional sub-processes. This is especially true of the age-related decline in dual-tasking abilities, in which the visual task demands have been shown to become increasingly exigent. Two studies are presented in this dissertation. Study 1 introduced a novel paradigm to objectively measure motor-cognitive dual-task performance, whilst Study 2 used this new paradigm to investigate the impact of the aging process and of the cognitive load of a task on dual-tasking abilities. These studies combined a simple, continuous, and repetitive motor task with a whole report task based on the Theory of Visual Attention (TVA). This measures different parametric estimates of attentional performance, and shows how these were affected by a concurrent motor task. Each task was carried out separately as a single task, as well as simultaneously in a dual-task condition. Study 1 demonstrated that the visual processing rate and visual short-term memory (VSTM) storage capacity showed a dual-task-related decline in middle-aged adults. Study 2 indicated that older adults performing a simple motor task showed similar declines in performance as younger adults who carried out a more complex motor task. Taken together, the studies show that even a relatively simple motor task utilises a central attentional capacity, suggesting that motor-cognitive dual-tasking is conducted in a capacity sharing manner. Furthermore, the VSTM appears to be the constraining mechanism which underlies dual-tasking ability, and it is this central capacity which is negatively impacted in a qualitatively similar manner by both increased age in older adults, as well as by the task load in younger adults.

Cognitive-Motor Interference in Multi-Tasking Research

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Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889631702
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive-Motor Interference in Multi-Tasking Research by : Karen Zentgraf

Download or read book Cognitive-Motor Interference in Multi-Tasking Research written by Karen Zentgraf and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cognitive Training

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319426621
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Training by : Tilo Strobach

Download or read book Cognitive Training written by Tilo Strobach and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-16 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together a cutting edge international team of contributors to critically review the current knowledge regarding the effectiveness of training interventions designed to improve cognitive functions in different target populations. There is substantial evidence that cognitive and physical training can improve cognitive performance, but these benefits seem to vary as a function of the type and the intensity of interventions and the way training-induced gains are measured and analyzed. This book further fulfills the need for clarification of the mechanisms underlying cognitive and neural changes occurring after training. This book offers a comprehensive overview of empirical findings and methodological approaches of cognitive training research in different cognitive domains (memory, executive functions, etc.), types of training (working memory training, video game training, physical training, etc.), age groups (from children to young and older adults), target populations (children with developmental disorders, aging workers, MCI patients etc.), settings (laboratory-based studies, applied studies in clinical and educational settings), and methodological approaches (behavioral studies, neuroscientific studies). Chapters feature theoretical models that describe the mechanisms underlying training-induced cognitive and neural changes. Cognitive Training: An Overview of Features and Applications will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, students, and professors in the fields of psychology and neuroscience.

A Central Capacity Sharing Model of Dual-task Performance [microform] : Theory and Data

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Publisher : National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN 13 : 9780612849358
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (493 download)

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Book Synopsis A Central Capacity Sharing Model of Dual-task Performance [microform] : Theory and Data by : Michael Tombu

Download or read book A Central Capacity Sharing Model of Dual-task Performance [microform] : Theory and Data written by Michael Tombu and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2003 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Neuroimaging of Traumatic Brain Injury

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319043552
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroimaging of Traumatic Brain Injury by : Natalia Zakharova

Download or read book Neuroimaging of Traumatic Brain Injury written by Natalia Zakharova and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of this book is to present emerging neuroimaging data in order to define the role of primary and secondary structural and hemodynamic disturbances in different phases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to analyze the potential of diffusion tensor MRI, tractography and CT perfusion imaging in evaluating the dynamics of TBI. The authors present a new MRI classification of brain stem and hemispheric cortical/subcortical damage localization that is of significant prognostic value. New data are provided regarding the pathogenesis and dynamics of diffuse and focal brain injuries and qualitative and quantitative changes in the brain white matter tracts. It is shown that diffuse axonal injury can be considered a clinical model of multidimensional “split brain” with commissural, association and projection fiber disorders. The book will be of interest for neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, neurologists and others with an interest in the subject.

Handbook of Neurolinguistics

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080533132
Total Pages : 815 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Neurolinguistics by : Harry A. Whitaker

Download or read book Handbook of Neurolinguistics written by Harry A. Whitaker and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-02-04 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Neurolinguistics is a state-of-the-art reference and resource book; it describes current research and theory in the many subfields of neurolinguistics and its clinical application. Thorough and clearly written, the handbook provides an excellent overview of the field of neurolinguistics and its development. The book is organized into five parts covering the history of neurolinguistics, methods in clinical and experimental neurolinguistics, experimental neurolinguistics, clinical neurolinguistics, and resources in neurolinguistics. The first four parts contain a wide range of topics which discuss all important aspects of the many subfields of neurolinguistics. Also included are the relatively new and fast developing areas of research in discourse, pragmatics, and recent neuroimaging techniques. The resources section provides currently available resources, both traditional and modern. The handbook is useful to the newcomer to the field, as well as the expert searching for the latest developments in neurolinguistics. - Clearly written and well organized - Provides extensive resources - Discusses both history and current research - Covers the many subfields of neurolinguistics as well the developing areas of research

Clinical Neuropsychology of Attention

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Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780195063738
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (637 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical Neuropsychology of Attention by : Adriaan H. Zomeren

Download or read book Clinical Neuropsychology of Attention written by Adriaan H. Zomeren and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1994 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book does not adopt a particular theoretical orientation but tries to clarify the various conceptualizations of attention that are encountered in the literature. Throughout, the book critically reviews the literature on attentional deficits in frequently occurring neurological conditions such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. This material is organized according to the types of tasks used to investigate attention, such as tests of focused, divided, and sustained attention.

Cognitive Limitations in Aging and Psychopathology

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107320615
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Limitations in Aging and Psychopathology by : Randall W. Engle

Download or read book Cognitive Limitations in Aging and Psychopathology written by Randall W. Engle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-17 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the major progress made in recent psychological science in understanding the cognitive control of thought, emotion, and behavior and what happens when that control is diminished as a result of aging, depression, developmental disabilities, or psychopathology. Each chapter of this volume reports the most recent research by a leading researcher on the international stage. Topics include the effects on thought, emotion, and behavior by limitations in working memory, cognitive control, attention, inhibition, and reasoning processes. Other chapters review standard and emerging research paradigms and new findings on limitations in cognitive functioning associated with aging and psychopathology. The explicit goal behind this volume was to facilitate cross-area research and training by familiarizing researchers with paradigms and findings in areas different from but related to their own.

Control of Cognitive Processes

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262133678
Total Pages : 810 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (336 download)

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Book Synopsis Control of Cognitive Processes by : Stephen Monsell

Download or read book Control of Cognitive Processes written by Stephen Monsell and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thirty-two contributions discuss evidence from psychological experiments with healthy and brain-damaged subjects, functional imaging, electrophysiology, and computational modeling.

Teaching Information Literacy in Higher Education

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Publisher : Chandos Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081010052
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Teaching Information Literacy in Higher Education by : Mariann Lokse

Download or read book Teaching Information Literacy in Higher Education written by Mariann Lokse and published by Chandos Publishing. This book was released on 2017-03-22 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do we teach information literacy? This book argues that the main purpose of information literacy teaching in higher education is to enhance student learning. With the impact of new technologies, a proliferation of information sources and a change in the student demography, information literacy has become increasingly important in academia. Also, students that know how to learn have a better chance of adapting their learning strategies to the demands of higher education, and thus completing their degree. The authors discuss the various aspects of how academic integrity and information literacy are linked to learning, and provide examples on how our theories can be put into practice. The book also provides insight on the normative side of higher education, namely academic formation and the personal development process of students. The cognitive aspects of the transition to higher education, including learning strategies and critical thinking, are explored; and finally the book asks how information literacy teaching in higher education might be improved to help students meet contemporary challenges. - Presents critical thinking and learning strategies as a basic foundation for information literacy - Covers information literacy as a way into deep learning/higher order thinking - Provides self-regulation, motivation, and self-respect as tools in learning - Emphasizes the interdependence of learning, academic integrity, critical thinking, and information literacy - A practical guide to teaching information literacy based on an increased focus on the learning process, an essential for Information literacy graduate students and higher education teaching staff in relevant fields

Measurement and Training of Dual-task of Gait in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Measurement and Training of Dual-task of Gait in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis by : Gregory A. Brusola

Download or read book Measurement and Training of Dual-task of Gait in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis written by Gregory A. Brusola and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) present with a wide variability of motor, sensory, and cognitive symptoms that affect their ability to engage in and perform their daily activities. Walking is a motor task that is known to be widely affected by the symptoms of MS and individuals with MS demonstrate difficulties with their ability to ambulate even early on in their disease process. Although it is broadly accepted that walking is heavily influenced by motor and sensory symptoms, recent studies in the area of cognitive-motor interference have identified a relationship between cognitive functioning and motor performance in individuals with MS. The concurrent performance of a motor and cognitive task (dual-task) has been found to adversely affect the gait mechanics of individuals with MS, effectually increasing their risk for falling. Physical therapists often rely on outcome measures to help quantify an individual’s physical performance; however, there is a lack of a standardized dual-task outcome measure that not only measures overall dual-task performance but also measures the single-task performance of the motor and cognitive task. The modified Walking and Remembering Test (mWART) is one such dual-task outcome measure that quantifies dual-task performance relative to the single-task performance of the motor and the cognitive task. Additionally, the mWART adjusts the difficulty of the dual-task cognitive task relative to the individual’s single-task cognitive performance. As we continue to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of cognitive-motor interference and the anatomical correlates of dual-task performance, studies have emerged to study methods by which we can improve dual-task ability. Although there has been a substantial growth of research in individuals with Parkinson disease, stroke, or dementia, more studies are needed, especially in individuals with MS. Three studies comprise this dissertation. The first study determined the test-retest reliability and discriminant validity of the mWART. The second study assessed the feasibility and effects of a six-week gait-specific dual-task training intervention on gait velocity, cadence, and step length. Finally, the third study evaluated the effects of the training intervention on walking capacity, self-perceived walking ability, and subjective fatigue. The participants were tested on two separate days to collect the average baseline data for studies one and two. Participants were randomly allocated to a six-week dual-task training group or a six-week single-task training group for studies two and three. Study one results revealed good to excellent test-retest reliability of the mWART for single-task gait velocity (ICC2,k = .961, p

Work Across the Lifespan

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128127562
Total Pages : 664 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Work Across the Lifespan by : Boris Baltes

Download or read book Work Across the Lifespan written by Boris Baltes and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-01-30 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work Across the Lifespan coalesces lifespan theoretical and lifespan-based empirical perspectives on aging and work. The books examines human development theories that explain patterns of growth, trajectories of change and maintenance of continuities across the entirety of life. Using the implicit focus of these theories on aging as a guide to intra-individual change and goal-based self-regulation processes, the book examines the relationship between work and aging. Drawing upon developmental psychology, life course sociology, microeconomics, and critical gerontology, this authoritative reference brings together the collective thinking of researchers who study aging and working, and aging and careers. Summarizes key tenets of lifespan theories Draws upon theories from work and organizational psychology, organizational behavior, and human resources management Applies theories to work, organizational life and careers Examines age and work-related processes Provides an exclusive lifespan focus on work and aging Focuses on aging as a continuous intraindividual change process

Multiple Task Performance

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780850667578
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (675 download)

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Book Synopsis Multiple Task Performance by : D Damos

Download or read book Multiple Task Performance written by D Damos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-10-07 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection combines contributions from academics and human factor specialists upon the theme of multiple-task performance - the ability of the mind to control several actions simultaneously.

Looking Down on Human Intelligence

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019852417X
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Looking Down on Human Intelligence by : Ian J. Deary

Download or read book Looking Down on Human Intelligence written by Ian J. Deary and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are some people more mentally able than others ? In an authoritative, critical and intergrated series of review essays Professor Ian Deary inquires after the cognitive and biological foundations of human mental ability differences. Many accounts of intelligence have examined the structureand number of human mental ability differences and whether they can predict sucess in education,work and social life. Few books have taken psychometric intelligence differences as a starting point and brought together the reductionistic attempts to explain them.New to the highly acclaimed OxfordPsychology Series, Looking Down on Human Intelligence appraises the search for the origins of psychometric intelligence differences in terms of brain function parameters. The book provides an original and thought provoking guide to ancient and modern research on one of the most compelling questionsin human psychology.

Multitasking: Executive Functioning in Dual-Task and Task Switching Situations

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Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889454533
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Multitasking: Executive Functioning in Dual-Task and Task Switching Situations by : Tilo Strobach

Download or read book Multitasking: Executive Functioning in Dual-Task and Task Switching Situations written by Tilo Strobach and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-03-27 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multitasking refers to performance of multiple tasks. The most prominent types of multitasking are situations including either temporal overlap of the execution of multiple tasks (i.e., dual tasking) or executing multiple tasks in varying sequences (i.e., task switching). In the literature, numerous attempts have aimed at theorizing about the specific characteristics of executive functions that control interference between simultaneously and/or sequentially active component of task-sets in these situations. However, these approaches have been rather vague regarding explanatory concepts (e.g., task-set inhibition, preparation, shielding, capacity limitation), widely lacking theories on detailed mechanisms and/ or empirical evidence for specific subcomponents. The present research topic aims at providing a selection of contributions on the details of executive functioning in dual-task and task switching situations. The contributions specify these executive functions by focusing on (1) fractionating assumed mechanisms into constituent subcomponents, (2) their variations by age or in clinical subpopulations, and/ or (3) their plasticity as a response to practice and training.

Ergonomics and Human Factors

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146124756X
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Ergonomics and Human Factors by : Leonard S. Mark

Download or read book Ergonomics and Human Factors written by Leonard S. Mark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: And Applications To The Human-Computer Interface Michael E. Fotta AT&T Communications 16th FIr. Atrium II, Cincinnati, OH 45202 Artificial intelligence (AI) programs represent knowledge in a fashion similar to human knowledge and the activities of an AI system are closer to human behavior than that of traditional systems. Thus, AI enables the computer to act more like a human instead of making the human think and act more like a computer. This capability combined with applying human factors concepts to the interface can greatly improve the human-computer interface. This paper provides an intro duction to artificial intelligence and then proposes a number of methods for using AI to improve the human-machine inter action. AN INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Definition There are many definitions of artificial intelligence (AI) running from the very general to the very detailed. Perhaps the most well accepted general definition is that by Elaine Rich: "Artificial intelligence is the study of how to make computers do things at which, at the moment, people are better", (Rich, 1983). A good example of a detailed definition is provided by the Brattle Research Corporation; "In simplified terms, artificial intelligence works with pattern matching methods which attempt to describe objects, events or pro cesses in terms of their qualitative features and logical and compu tational relationships," (Mishkoff, 1985).