Mortality And Lifetime Income

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The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030931710X
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-17 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. population is aging. Social Security projections suggest that between 2013 and 2050, the population aged 65 and over will almost double, from 45 million to 86 million. One key driver of population aging is ongoing increases in life expectancy. Average U.S. life expectancy was 67 years for males and 73 years for females five decades ago; the averages are now 76 and 81, respectively. It has long been the case that better-educated, higher-income people enjoy longer life expectancies than less-educated, lower-income people. The causes include early life conditions, behavioral factors (such as nutrition, exercise, and smoking behaviors), stress, and access to health care services, all of which can vary across education and income. Our major entitlement programs - Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security, and Supplemental Security Income - have come to deliver disproportionately larger lifetime benefits to higher-income people because, on average, they are increasingly collecting those benefits over more years than others. This report studies the impact the growing gap in life expectancy has on the present value of lifetime benefits that people with higher or lower earnings will receive from major entitlement programs. The analysis presented in The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income goes beyond an examination of the existing literature by providing the first comprehensive estimates of how lifetime benefits are affected by the changing distribution of life expectancy. The report also explores, from a lifetime benefit perspective, how the growing gap in longevity affects traditional policy analyses of reforms to the nation's leading entitlement programs. This in-depth analysis of the economic impacts of the longevity gap will inform debate and assist decision makers, economists, and researchers.

Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309217105
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries by : National Research Council

Download or read book Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last 25 years, life expectancy at age 50 in the United States has been rising, but at a slower pace than in many other high-income countries, such as Japan and Australia. This difference is particularly notable given that the United States spends more on health care than any other nation. Concerned about this divergence, the National Institute on Aging asked the National Research Council to examine evidence on its possible causes. According to Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries, the nation's history of heavy smoking is a major reason why lifespans in the United States fall short of those in many other high-income nations. Evidence suggests that current obesity levels play a substantial part as well. The book reports that lack of universal access to health care in the U.S. also has increased mortality and reduced life expectancy, though this is a less significant factor for those over age 65 because of Medicare access. For the main causes of death at older ages-cancer and cardiovascular disease-available indicators do not suggest that the U.S. health care system is failing to prevent deaths that would be averted elsewhere. In fact, cancer detection and survival appear to be better in the U.S. than in most other high-income nations, and survival rates following a heart attack also are favorable. Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries identifies many gaps in research. For instance, while lung cancer deaths are a reliable marker of the damage from smoking, no clear-cut marker exists for obesity, physical inactivity, social integration, or other risks considered in this book. Moreover, evaluation of these risk factors is based on observational studies, which-unlike randomized controlled trials-are subject to many biases.

International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309157331
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages by : National Research Council

Download or read book International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-02-27 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1950 men and women in the United States had a combined life expectancy of 68.9 years, the 12th highest life expectancy at birth in the world. Today, life expectancy is up to 79.2 years, yet the country is now 28th on the list, behind the United Kingdom, Korea, Canada, and France, among others. The United States does have higher rates of infant mortality and violent deaths than in other developed countries, but these factors do not fully account for the country's relatively poor ranking in life expectancy. International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages: Dimensions and Sources examines patterns in international differences in life expectancy above age 50 and assesses the evidence and arguments that have been advanced to explain the poor position of the United States relative to other countries. The papers in this deeply researched volume identify gaps in measurement, data, theory, and research design and pinpoint areas for future high-priority research in this area. In addition to examining the differences in mortality around the world, the papers in International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages look at health factors and life-style choices commonly believed to contribute to the observed international differences in life expectancy. They also identify strategic opportunities for health-related interventions. This book offers a wide variety of disciplinary and scholarly perspectives to the study of mortality, and it offers in-depth analyses that can serve health professionals, policy makers, statisticians, and researchers.

High and Rising Mortality Rates Among Working-Age Adults

Author : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309684736
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (847 download)

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Book Synopsis High and Rising Mortality Rates Among Working-Age Adults by : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine

Download or read book High and Rising Mortality Rates Among Working-Age Adults written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Paychecks and Playchecks

Author : Tom Hegna
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780984217380
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Paychecks and Playchecks by : Tom Hegna

Download or read book Paychecks and Playchecks written by Tom Hegna and published by . This book was released on 2011-12-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Paychecks and playchecks is a guide for retirement that is built for uncertain markets like the one we are in today. The strategy is a mathematically and scientifically proven approach that will enable you to create a secure retirement, no matter how long you live."--Page 4 of cover.

The SAGE Handbook of Social Gerontology

Author : Dale Dannefer
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1412934648
Total Pages : 713 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis The SAGE Handbook of Social Gerontology by : Dale Dannefer

Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Social Gerontology written by Dale Dannefer and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reflects the emergence of ageing as a global concern, including chapters by international scholars from Asia, Australasia, Europe and North America. It provides a comprehensive overview of key trends and issues in the field, drawing upon the full range of social science disciplines. The Handbook is organized into five parts, each exploring different aspects of research into social aspects of ageing: * Disciplinary overviews: summaries of findings from key disciplinary areas within social gerontology * Social relationships and social differences: topics include: social inequality, gender and ageing, the role of religion, inter-generational ties, social networks, and friendships in later life. * Individual characteristics and change in later life: chapters in this section examine different aspects of individual aging, including self and identity, cognitive processes, and biosocial interactions and their impact on physical and psychological aging. * Comparative perspectives and cultural innovations: topics in this section include: ageing and development, ageing in a global context, migration, and cross-cultural perspectives on grandparenthood. * Policy issues: The final section examines some of the main policy concerns affecting older people across the world. Topics include: developments in social policy, long-term care, technology and older people, end of life issues, work and retirement, crime and older people, and the politics of old age. This will be essential reading for all students, researchers and policy-makers concerned with the major issues influencing the lives of older people across the globe.

U.S. Health in International Perspective

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309264146
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Health in International Perspective by : National Research Council

Download or read book U.S. Health in International Perspective written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.

Demography of Aging

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309050855
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Demography of Aging by : National Research Council

Download or read book Demography of Aging written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the United States and the rest of the world face the unprecedented challenge of aging populations, this volume draws together for the first time state-of-the-art work from the emerging field of the demography of aging. The nine chapters, written by experts from a variety of disciplines, highlight data sources and research approaches, results, and proposed strategies on a topic with major policy implications for labor forces, economic well-being, health care, and the need for social and family supports.

Old and New Perspectives on Mortality Forecasting

Author : Tommy Bengtsson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030050750
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Old and New Perspectives on Mortality Forecasting by : Tommy Bengtsson

Download or read book Old and New Perspectives on Mortality Forecasting written by Tommy Bengtsson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes methods of mortality forecasting and discusses possible improvements. It contains a selection of previously unpublished and published papers, which together provide a state-of-the-art overview of statistical approaches as well as behavioural and biological perspectives. The different parts of the book provide discussions of current practice, probabilistic forecasting, the linearity in the increase of life expectancy, causes of death, and the role of cohort factors. The key question in the book is whether it is possible to project future mortality accurately, and if so, what is the best approach. This makes the book a valuable read to demographers, pension planners, actuaries, and all those interested and/or working in modelling and forecasting mortality.

Tontines: A Practitioner’s Guide to Mortality-Pooled Investments

Author : Richard K. Fullmer
Publisher : CFA Institute Research Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1944960767
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (449 download)

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Book Synopsis Tontines: A Practitioner’s Guide to Mortality-Pooled Investments by : Richard K. Fullmer

Download or read book Tontines: A Practitioner’s Guide to Mortality-Pooled Investments written by Richard K. Fullmer and published by CFA Institute Research Foundation. This book was released on 2019-07-10 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tontines and similar mortality-pooled investment arrangements offer a useful and unique value proposition to the global retirement challenge.

Health Inequalities and Welfare Resources

Author : Johan Fritzell
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 9781861347572
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (475 download)

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Book Synopsis Health Inequalities and Welfare Resources by : Johan Fritzell

Download or read book Health Inequalities and Welfare Resources written by Johan Fritzell and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreword by Lisa Berkman, Professor of Public Policy, Harvard UniversityHow welfare states influence population health and health inequalities has long been debated but less well tested by empirical research. This book presents new empirical evidence of the effects of Swedish welfare state structures and policies on the lives of Swedish citizens. The discussion, analysis and innovative theoretical approaches developed in the book have implications for health research and policy beyond Scandinavian borders. Drawing on a rich source of longitudinal data, the Swedish Level of Living Surveys (LNU), and other data, the authors shed light on a number of pertinent issues in health inequality research while at the same time showing how health inequalities have evolved in Sweden over several decades. Topics covered include vbTab]how structural conditions relating to family, socio-economic conditions and the welfare state are important in producing health inequalities; how health inequalities change over the lifecourse and the impact of environment on health inequalities - at home, at school, in the workplace.Health inequalities and welfare resources will be invaluable to researchers, students and practitioners in sociology, social epidemiology, public health and social policy interested in the interplay between society and health.

Individual retirement arrangements (IRAs)

Author : United States. Internal Revenue Service
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (334 download)

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Book Synopsis Individual retirement arrangements (IRAs) by : United States. Internal Revenue Service

Download or read book Individual retirement arrangements (IRAs) written by United States. Internal Revenue Service and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Demography and the Economy

Author : John B. Shoven
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226754758
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis Demography and the Economy by : John B. Shoven

Download or read book Demography and the Economy written by John B. Shoven and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-01-15 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demographics is a vital field of study for understanding social and economic change and it has attracted attention in recent years as concerns have grown over the aging populations of developed nations. Demographic studies help make sense of key aspects of the economy, offering insight into trends in fertility, mortality, immigration, and labor force participation, as well as age, gender, and race specific trends in health and disability. Demography and the Economy explores the connections between demography and economics, paying special attention to what demographic trends can reveal about the sustainability of traditional social security programs and the larger implications for economic growth. The volume brings together some of the leading scholars working at the border between the two disciplines, and it provides an eclectic overview of both fields. Contributors also offer deeper analysis of a variety of issues such as the impact of greater wealth on choices about marriage and childbearing and the effects of aging populations on housing prices, Social Security, and Medicare.

Social Security Bulletin

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Security Bulletin by :

Download or read book Social Security Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Top Five Regrets of the Dying

Author : Bronnie Ware
Publisher : Hay House, Inc
ISBN 13 : 1401956009
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Top Five Regrets of the Dying by : Bronnie Ware

Download or read book Top Five Regrets of the Dying written by Bronnie Ware and published by Hay House, Inc. This book was released on 2019-08-13 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revised edition of the best-selling memoir that has been read by over a million people worldwide with translations in 29 languages. After too many years of unfulfilling work, Bronnie Ware began searching for a job with heart. Despite having no formal qualifications or previous experience in the field, she found herself working in palliative care. During the time she spent tending to those who were dying, Bronnie's life was transformed. Later, she wrote an Internet blog post, outlining the most common regrets that the people she had cared for had expressed. The post gained so much momentum that it was viewed by more than three million readers worldwide in its first year. At the request of many, Bronnie subsequently wrote a book, The Top Five Regrets of the Dying, to share her story. Bronnie has had a colourful and diverse life. By applying the lessons of those nearing their death to her own life, she developed an understanding that it is possible for everyone, if we make the right choices, to die with peace of mind. In this revised edition of the best-selling memoir that has been read by over a million people worldwide, with translations in 29 languages, Bronnie expresses how significant these regrets are and how we can positively address these issues while we still have the time. The Top Five Regrets of the Dying gives hope for a better world. It is a courageous, life-changing book that will leave you feeling more compassionate and inspired to live the life you are truly here to live.

Plagues upon the Earth

Author : Kyle Harper
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691224722
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Plagues upon the Earth by : Kyle Harper

Download or read book Plagues upon the Earth written by Kyle Harper and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-12 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sweeping germ’s-eye view of history from human origins to global pandemics Plagues upon the Earth is a monumental history of humans and their germs. Weaving together a grand narrative of global history with insights from cutting-edge genetics, Kyle Harper explains why humanity’s uniquely dangerous disease pool is rooted deep in our evolutionary past, and why its growth is accelerated by technological progress. He shows that the story of disease is entangled with the history of slavery, colonialism, and capitalism, and reveals the enduring effects of historical plagues in patterns of wealth, health, power, and inequality. He also tells the story of humanity’s escape from infectious disease—a triumph that makes life as we know it possible, yet destabilizes the environment and fosters new diseases. Panoramic in scope, Plagues upon the Earth traces the role of disease in the transition to farming, the spread of cities, the advance of transportation, and the stupendous increase in human population. Harper offers a new interpretation of humanity’s path to control over infectious disease—one where rising evolutionary threats constantly push back against human progress, and where the devastating effects of modernization contribute to the great divergence between societies. The book reminds us that human health is globally interdependent—and inseparable from the well-being of the planet itself. Putting the COVID-19 pandemic in perspective, Plagues upon the Earth tells the story of how we got here as a species, and it may help us decide where we want to go.

The Distributional Aspects of Social Security and Social Security Reform

Author : Martin Feldstein
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226241890
Total Pages : 481 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis The Distributional Aspects of Social Security and Social Security Reform by : Martin Feldstein

Download or read book The Distributional Aspects of Social Security and Social Security Reform written by Martin Feldstein and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social security is the largest and perhaps the most popular program run by the federal government. Given the projected increase in both individual life expectancy and sheer number of retirees, however, the current system faces an eventual overload. Alternative proposals have emerged, ranging from reductions in future benefits to a rise in taxrevenue to various forms of investment-based personal retirement accounts. As this volume suggests, the distributional consequences of these proposals are substantially different and may disproportionately affect those groups who depend on social security to avoid poverty in old age. Together, these studies persuasively show that appropriately designed investment-based social security reforms can effectively reduce the long-term burden of an aging society on future taxpayers, increase the expected future income of retirees, and mitigate poverty rates among the elderly.