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Morphology Systematics And Phylogenetic Relationships Among Frogs Of The Genus Atelopus Anura Bufonidae
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Book Synopsis Morphology, Systematics, and Phylogenetic Relationships Among Frogs of the Genus Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) by : Luis A. Coloma-Román
Download or read book Morphology, Systematics, and Phylogenetic Relationships Among Frogs of the Genus Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) written by Luis A. Coloma-Román and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Phylogenetic Relationships and Evolution of Bufonid Frogs Based on Molecular and Morphological Characters by : Anna Graybeal
Download or read book Phylogenetic Relationships and Evolution of Bufonid Frogs Based on Molecular and Morphological Characters written by Anna Graybeal and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Genera of Phyllomedusine Frogs (Anura: Hylidae) by : William Edward Duellman
Download or read book The Genera of Phyllomedusine Frogs (Anura: Hylidae) written by William Edward Duellman and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2022-09-04 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DigiCat Publishing presents to you this special edition of "The Genera of Phyllomedusine Frogs (Anura: Hylidae)" by William Edward Duellman. DigiCat Publishing considers every written word to be a legacy of humankind. Every DigiCat book has been carefully reproduced for republishing in a new modern format. The books are available in print, as well as ebooks. DigiCat hopes you will treat this work with the acknowledgment and passion it deserves as a classic of world literature.
Book Synopsis A New Frog of the Genus Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) from a Venezuelan Cloud Forest by : Enrique La Marca
Download or read book A New Frog of the Genus Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) from a Venezuelan Cloud Forest written by Enrique La Marca and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Phylogenetic Relationships of Extant Pelobatoid Frogs (Anura, Pelobatoidea) by : Anne M. Maglia
Download or read book Phylogenetic Relationships of Extant Pelobatoid Frogs (Anura, Pelobatoidea) written by Anne M. Maglia and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-12-20 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Phylogenetic Relationships of Extant Pelobatoid Frogs (Anura, Pelobatoidea): Evidence From Adult Morphology Fig. 1. Some of the various hypotheses of anuran relationships that include pelobatoid taxa (boldface). About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Hylid Frogs of the Genus Plectrohyla by : William Edward Duellman
Download or read book Hylid Frogs of the Genus Plectrohyla written by William Edward Duellman and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Phylogenetic Systematics of Dart-poison Frogs and Their Relatives (Amphibia:Athesphatanura:Dendrobatidae) by : Taran Grant
Download or read book Phylogenetic Systematics of Dart-poison Frogs and Their Relatives (Amphibia:Athesphatanura:Dendrobatidae) written by Taran Grant and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The known diversity of dart-poison frog species has grown from 70 in the 1960s to 247 at present, with no sign that the discovery of new species will wane in the foreseeable future. Although this growth in knowledge of the diversity of this group has been accompanied by detailed investigations of many aspects of the biology of dendrobatids, their phylogenetic relationships remain poorly understood. This study was designed to test hypotheses of dendrobatid diversification by combining new and prior genotypic and phenotypic evidence in a total evidence analysis. DNA sequences were sampled for five mitochondrial and six nuclear loci (approximately 6,100 base pairs [bp]; x̄[arithmetic mean] = 53,740 bp per terminal; total dataset composed of approximately 1.55 million bp), and 174 phenotypic characters were scored from adult and larval morphology, alkaloid profiles, and behavior. These data were combined with relevant published DNA sequences. Ingroup sampling targeted several previously unsampled species, including Aromobates nocturnus, which was hypothesized previously to be the sister of all other dendrobatids. Undescribed and problematic species were sampled from multiple localities when possible. The final dataset consisted of 414 terminals: 367 ingroup terminals of 156 species and 47 outgroup terminals of 46 species. Direct optimization parsimony analysis of the equally weighted evidence resulted in 25,872 optimal trees. Forty nodes collapse in the strict consensus, with all conflict restricted to conspecific terminals. Dendrobatids were recovered as monophyletic, and their sister group consisted of Crossodactylus, Hylodes, and Megaelosia, recognized herein as Hylodidae. Among outgroup taxa, Centrolenidae was found to be the sister group of all athesphatanurans except Hylidae, Leptodactyidae was polyphyletic, Thoropa was nested within Cycloramphidae, and Ceratophryinae was paraphyletic with respect to Telmatobiinae. Among dendrobatids, the monophyly and content of Mannophryne and Phyllobates were corroborated. Aromobates nocturnus and Colostethus saltuensis were found to be nested within Nephelobates, and Minyobates was paraphyletic and nested within Dendrobates. Colostethus was shown to be rampantly nonmonophyletic, with most species falling into two unrelated cis- and trans-Andean clades. A morphologically and behaviorally diverse clade of median lingual process-possessing species was discovered. In light of these findings and the growth in knowledge of the diversity of this large clade over the past 40 years, we propose a new, monophyletic taxonomy for dendrobatids, recognizing the inclusive clade as a superfamily (Dendrobatoidea) composed of two families (one of which is new), six subfamilies (three new), and 16 genera (four new). Although poisonous frogs did not form a monophyletic group, the three poisonous lineages are all confined to the revised family Dendrobatidae, in keeping with the traditional application of this name. We also propose changes to achieve a monophyletic higher-level taxonomy for the athesphatanuran outgroup taxa. Analysis of character evolution revealed multiple origins of phytotelm-breeding, parental provisioning of nutritive oocytes for larval consumption (larval oophagy), and endotrophy. Available evidence indicates that transport of tadpoles on the dorsum of parent nurse frogs--a dendrobatid synapomorphy--is carried out primitively by male nurse frogs, with three independent origins of female transport and five independent origins of biparental transport. Reproductive amplexus is optimally explained as having been lost in the most recent common ancestor of Dendrobatoidea, with cephalic amplexus arising independently three times.
Book Synopsis Phylogenetic Systematics, Ecology, and Conservation of Marsupial Frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) from the Andes of Southern Ecuador, with Descriptions of Four New Biphasic Species by : Sofía Carvajal-Endara
Download or read book Phylogenetic Systematics, Ecology, and Conservation of Marsupial Frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) from the Andes of Southern Ecuador, with Descriptions of Four New Biphasic Species written by Sofía Carvajal-Endara and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We review the systematics of the species of Gastrotheca (Anura: Hemiphractidae) in the highlands of the southern Ecuadorian Andes. We analyzed phylogenetic, morphological, ecological, and acoustic data from populations in the region. We provide an updated phylogenetic hypothesis inferred from a database that contains 42 species of Gastrotheca, and sequences from mitochondrial (12S, 16S, and ND1) and nuclear (POMC and RAG-1) genes. We describe four new endemic biphasic species for Ecuador (Gastrotheca cuencana, G. elicioi, G. turnerorum, and G. yacuri). In addition, we redefine G. lojana, recently resurrected from the synonymy of G. monticola, and redescribe G. litonedis. Furthermore, we describe the tadpoles and ontogenetic color changes in six species (G. cuencana, G. elicioi, G. litonedis, G. lojana, G. pseustes, and G. turnerorum). Also, we describe the calls of seven species (G. cuencana, G. elicioi, G. litonedis, G. lojana, G. pseustes, G. testudinea, and G. yacuri).
Book Synopsis Phylogenetic Relationships Among Tree Frogs of the Genera Polypedates and Rhacophorus by : Chantip Inthara
Download or read book Phylogenetic Relationships Among Tree Frogs of the Genera Polypedates and Rhacophorus written by Chantip Inthara and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cladistic analyses of morphological data support a monophyletic group for Polypedates but do not support a monophyletic group for Rhacophorus. Five groups of Rhacophorus are recognized:(1) Group I: R. appendiculatus; R. verrucosus; R. bisacculus; R. everetti; R. baliogaster and R. cavirostris. DIAGNOSIS: post cloacal region with tubercles and/or papillae; skin on dorsum with glandular warts; tip of fingers and toes round; webbing between fingers III-IV small; dermal ridge running along outer edge of fourth finger crenulated; presence of numerous small papillae on heel; dermal ridge running along outer edge of tarsus crenulated; and webbing on toes medium or large. (2) Group II: R. jarujini; R. lateralis; R. turpes; R. edentulus; R. monticola and R. poecilonotus. DIAGNOSIS: presence of two papillae on heel; inner metatarsal tubercle elongate; and webbing between toe I-II large or complete.(3) Group III: R. hoanglienensis; R. orlovi; R. margaritifer; R. gauni; R. bimaculatus; R. angulirostris; R. baluensis; R. calcaneus and R. pleurostictus. DIAGNOSIS: absence of vomerine ridge; dermal ridge along forearm smooth; absence of dermal ridge or flap running along outer edge of tarsus; webbing between fingers II-III small; and webbing between toe II-III complete.(4) Group IV: R. reinwardtii; R. nigropalmatus; R. malabaricus; R. exechopygus; R. prominanus; R. dulitensis; R. htunwini; R. kio; R. bipunctatus; R. rhodopus; R. annamensis; R. pardalis; R. harrissoni; R. fasciatus; R. rufipes and R. robinsoni. DIAGNOSIS: distance from tip of snout to nostril equal to distance from nostril to eyes; presence of dermal flap along forearm; webbing between fingers II-III almost complete or complete; webbing between fingers III-IV complete; presence of dermal flap running along outer edge of fourth finger; presence of ridge or flap on heel; webbing on toes complete; presence of supra-cloacal fold or flap; post cloacal region with ridge or flap. (5) Group V: R. dennysi; R. feae; R. maximus; R. schlegelii; R. dorsoviridis; R. viridis; R. moltrechti; R. arboreus; R. burmanus; R. arvalis; R. chenfui; R. taipeianus; R. owstoni; R. minimus; R. taronensis; R. duboisi; R. dugritei; and R. omeimontis. DIAGNOSIS: head shape in dorsal view sub-elliptical or semicircular; webbing on hand small or medium; webbing between fingers II-III medium; and snout shape in lateral view round or obtuse.(6) Group VI: Polypedates: P. nasutus; P. eques; P. otilophus; P. megacephalus; P. leucomystax; P. macrotis; P. maculatus; P. zed; P. colletti; P. mutus; and P. cruciger. DIAGNOSIS: presence or absence of co-ossified skin between eyes; webbing between toes I-II long; webbing between fingers III-IV rudimentary; and tympanum shape oval.Genera names available: Group I - Aquixalus; Groups II-V currently are members of genus Rhacophorus but cladistic analysis of morphological data show that groups are different based on several morphological characters; Group III - Leptomantis; Group IV - Rhacophorus.
Book Synopsis Phylogenetic Relationships of the West Indian Frogs of the Genus Eleutherodactylus by : Rafael L. Joglar
Download or read book Phylogenetic Relationships of the West Indian Frogs of the Genus Eleutherodactylus written by Rafael L. Joglar and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular Systematics, Evolution, and Ecology of Sri Lankan Shrub-frogs (Rhacophorinae: Pseudophilautus). by : Madhava Meegaskumbura
Download or read book Molecular Systematics, Evolution, and Ecology of Sri Lankan Shrub-frogs (Rhacophorinae: Pseudophilautus). written by Madhava Meegaskumbura and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sri Lanka is home to a recently discovered, large endemic radiation of shrub frogs. I use a well-resolved molecular phylogeny (constructed using six nuclear and mitochondrial DNA fragments) of Sri Lankan shrub frogs to examine the evolutionary, systematic and biogeographic relationships of the group. My findings demonstrate that: (1) Sri Lanka is a global amphibian diversity hotspot; (2) Despite several ancient terrestrial connections between Sri Lanka and India, there has been little dispersal between the two landmasses, resulting in clade level endemicity in many faunal groups; (3) There are only two Rhacophorid genera in Sri Lanka (as opposed to the previously conceived four genera), one characterized by direct development ( Pseudophilautus) and the other by foam nesting (Polypedates ); (4) Pseudophilautus is highly speciose with nearly 100 species, of which about 85% are new to science (of which I describe eight as new species); (5) Many new species are montane forms that are threatened by impending climate change; (6) Sri Lankan and Indian Pseudophilautus are distinct from Southeast Asian Philautus , the genus in which they were previously placed; (7) A remarkable degree of extinctions of Pseudophilautus species (19 species, of which I describe two as new) has occurred; (8) Phylogenetic relationships among Rhacophorid genera indicate that direct-development has evolved twice within the family; (9) The Sri Lankan Pseudophilautus are characterized by two unique reproductive behaviors: nesting in excavations made in soil, and laying eggs on the underside of leaves; (10) Direct development in Pseudophilautus is similar to Eleutherodactylus in many ways, but also differs, suggesting that direct development can evolve in different ways; (11) The diversification of the major Rhacophorid lineages occurred after the late Cretaceous (KT) mass extinction (65 MYA); (12) The basal Rhacophorids are Southeast Asian in origin, and the extant Rhacophorid fauna of Sri Lanka and India seems to be later arrivals to the sub-continent; (13) The radiation of Pseudophilautus in Sri Lanka shows ecomorphological structure, with strong correlation between morphology, behavior and habitat use; (14) There are many instances of morphological and ecological convergence within the Sri Lankan radiation; (15) Species typically show a pattern of diversification across the three mountain massifs in Sri Lanka; (16) Pseudophilautus of Sri Lanka are highly threatened, and needs immediate conservation intervention to prevent further extinctions.
Book Synopsis Phylogenetic Systematics of Egg-brooding Frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) and the Evolution of Direct Development by :
Download or read book Phylogenetic Systematics of Egg-brooding Frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) and the Evolution of Direct Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Egg-brooding frogs (Hemiphractidae) are a group of 105 currently recognized Neotropical species, with a remarkable diversity of developmental modes, from direct development to free-living and exotrophic tadpoles. Females carry their eggs on the back and embryos have unique bell-shaped gills. We inferred the evolutionary relationships of these frogs and used the resulting phylogeny to review their taxonomy and test hypotheses on the evolution of developmental modes and bell-shaped gills. Our inferences relied on a total evidence parsimony analysis of DNA sequences of up to 20 mitochondrial and nuclear genes (analyzed under tree-alignment), and 51 phenotypic characters sampled for 83% of currently valid hemiphractid species. Our analyses rendered a well-resolved phylogeny, with both Hemiphractidae (sister of Athesphatanura) and its six recognized genera being monophyletic. We also inferred novel intergeneric relationships [((Cryptobatrachus, Flectonotus), (Stefania, (Fritziana, (Hemiphractus, Gastrotheca))))], the non-monophyly of all species groups previously proposed within Gastrotheca and Stefania, and the existence of several putative new species within Fritziana and Hemiphractus. Contrary to previous hypotheses, our results support the most recent common ancestor of hemiphractids as a direct-developer. Free-living aquatic tadpoles apparently evolved from direct-developing ancestors three to eight times. Embryos of the sister taxa Cryptobatrachus and Flectonotus share a pair of single gills derived from branchial arch I, while embryos of the clade including the other four genera have two pairs of gills derived from branchial arches I and II respectively. Furthermore, in Gastrotheca the fusion of the two pairs of gills is a putative synapomorphy. We propose a revised taxonomy concordant with our optimal topologies.
Book Synopsis Systematic and Phylogenetic Analysis of Relationships Between the Members of the Southeast-Asian Frogs of the Raninae, with Particular Emphasis on the Thai Species by : Yodchaiy Chuaynkern
Download or read book Systematic and Phylogenetic Analysis of Relationships Between the Members of the Southeast-Asian Frogs of the Raninae, with Particular Emphasis on the Thai Species written by Yodchaiy Chuaynkern and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phylogenetics analysis of the relationships between the members of the Raninae sensu DUBOIS (1992) was studied based on morphological data. Seventy-one taxa were included in the analyses including members of the genera Limnonectes, Amolops, Rana, Staurois and Rhacophorus. Among them, four taxa were treated as outgroup (Rana angolensis, Rana fuscigula, Limnonectes kuhlii and Rhacophorus rhodopus). A total of 241 morphological characters (123 from external morphology, 1 from tadpole and 118 from morphometry) were scored. Gap-weighting and step-matrix gap-weighting methods were adopted to code polymorphic and morphometric characters by using values of frequencies and means, respectively. The analysis was performed by using PAUP* (version 4.0b10).Results from gap-weighting coding yielded 2 equally shortest parsimonious trees with a length of 7901 steps, a CI of 0.415 and a RI of 0.3300. The tree obtained from the Neighbor-joining search has received tree length of 8029 steps, a CI of 0.4443 and a RI of 0.3102. Results from step-matrix gap-weighting coding yielded a single shortest tree with a length of 29606 steps, a CI of 0.1851 and a RI of 0.5852. The tree from Neighbor-joining search is chosen for describing the relationships among the groups.Although the aim of this study was to determine the relationships among the members of the Raninae sensu DUBOIS (1992), the results only partially support previous hypotheses of relationships within some groups. Results of the present work suggest that in further intensive phylogenetic analysis attention should be paid to Babina and Nidirana, Rana humeralis, Rana montivaga, Rana luctuosa, Rana malabarica, Odorrana and Eburana, and Sylvirana.The results demonstrate the choice among different methods for dealing with characters is important and the application of different methods to the same data produces different trees. Further, using characters on external morphology and morphometry only should not be enough to find the relationship patterns. Other kinds of data such as musculature, skeleton, chromosomes, behavior, ecology, tadpoles maybe adopted for reconstruction the phylogeny as well as the molecular data.
Book Synopsis PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS MORPHOLO by : WIENS JOHN J
Download or read book PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS MORPHOLO written by WIENS JOHN J and published by Smithsonian Books (DC). This book was released on 2000-06-17 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biologists, some with specialties, and a paleontologist summarize research on selected topics relating to using a phylogenetic framework to understand how plants and animals, their traits, and interactions between species evolve. The eight studies are from the 1996 symposium Morphological Data in Phylogenetic Analysis: Recent Progress and Unresolved Problems, held in St. Louis, Missouri. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Threatened Amphibians of the World by : S. N. Stuart
Download or read book Threatened Amphibians of the World written by S. N. Stuart and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Amphibians are facing an extinction crisis, but getting to the facts has been difficult. "Threatened Amphibians of the World" is a visual journey through the first-ever comprehensive assessment of the conservation status of the world's 6,000 known species of frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians. All 1,900 species known to be threatened with extinction are covered, including a description of threats to each species and an evaluation of conservation measures in place or needed. Each entry includes a photograph or illustration of the species where available, a distribution map, and detailed information on range, population and habitat and ecology. Introductory chapters present a detailed analysis of the results, complemented by a series of short essays written by many of the world's leading herpetologists. Appendices include annoted lists of lower risk species and a country-by-country listing of threatened amphibians."--pub. desc.
Book Synopsis Systematics and Conservation of Neotropical Amphibians and Reptiles by : Alessandro Catenazzi
Download or read book Systematics and Conservation of Neotropical Amphibians and Reptiles written by Alessandro Catenazzi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes all 14 articles contributed to the Special Issue "Systematics and Conservation of Neotropical Amphibians and Reptiles” in the journal Diversity, originally published in 2019 and 2020.
