Moral Responsibility And The Boundaries Of Community

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Moral Responsibility and the Boundaries of Community

Author : Marion Smiley
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226763250
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Responsibility and the Boundaries of Community by : Marion Smiley

Download or read book Moral Responsibility and the Boundaries of Community written by Marion Smiley and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-09-15 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of responsibility plays a critical role not only in our attempts to resolve social and political problems, but in our very conceptions of what those problems are. Who, for example, is to blame for apartheid in South Africa? Is the South African government responsible? What about multinational corporations that do business there? Will uncovering the "true facts of the matter" lead us to the right answer? In an argument both compelling and provocative, Marion Smiley demonstrates how attributions of blame—far from being based on an objective process of factual discovery—are instead judgments that we ourselves make on the basis of our own political and social points of view. She argues that our conception of responsibility is a singularly modern one that locates the source of blameworthiness in an individual's free will. After exploring the flaws inherent in this conception, she shows how our judgments of blame evolve out of our configuration of social roles, our conception of communal boundaries, and the distribution of power upon which both are based. The great strength of Smiley's study lies in the way in which it brings together both rigorous philosophical analysis and an appreciation of the dynamics of social and political practice. By developing a pragmatic conception of moral responsibility, this work illustrates both how moral philosophy can enhance our understanding of social and political practices and why reflection on these practices is necessary to the reconstruction of our moral concepts.

Moral Responsibility: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide

Author : Oxford University Press
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199808996
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Responsibility: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide by : Oxford University Press

Download or read book Moral Responsibility: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide written by Oxford University Press and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010-06-01 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ebook is a selective guide designed to help scholars and students of social work find reliable sources of information by directing them to the best available scholarly materials in whatever form or format they appear from books, chapters, and journal articles to online archives, electronic data sets, and blogs. Written by a leading international authority on the subject, the ebook provides bibliographic information supported by direct recommendations about which sources to consult and editorial commentary to make it clear how the cited sources are interrelated related. This ebook is a static version of an article from Oxford Bibliographies Online: Philosophy, a dynamic, continuously updated, online resource designed to provide authoritative guidance through scholarship and other materials relevant to the study Philosophy. Oxford Bibliographies Online covers most subject disciplines within the social science and humanities, for more information visit www.oxfordbibligraphies.com.

Responsibility and Christian Ethics

Author : William Schweiker
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521657099
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis Responsibility and Christian Ethics by : William Schweiker

Download or read book Responsibility and Christian Ethics written by William Schweiker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-03-11 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schweiker develops a powerful new theory of responsibility articulated in terms of Christian faith.

Accountability for Killing

Author : Neta C. Crawford
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199981744
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Accountability for Killing by : Neta C. Crawford

Download or read book Accountability for Killing written by Neta C. Crawford and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unintended deaths of civilians in war are too often dismissed as unavoidable, inevitable, and accidental. And despite the best efforts of the U.S. to avoid them, civilian casualties in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Pakistan have been a regular feature of the United States' wars after 9/11. In Accountability for Killing, Neta C. Crawford focuses on the causes of these many episodes of foreseeable collateral damage and the moral responsibility for them. The dominant paradigm of legal and moral responsibility in war today stresses both intention and individual accountability. Deliberate killing of civilians is outlawed and international law blames individual soldiers and commanders for such killing. An individual soldier may be sentenced life in prison or death for deliberately killing even a small number of civilians, but the large scale killing of dozens or even hundreds of civilians may be forgiven if it was unintentional--"incidental"--to a military operation. The very law that protects noncombatants from deliberate killing may allow many episodes of unintended killing. Under international law, civilian killing may be forgiven if it was unintended and incidental to a militarily necessary operation. Given the nature of contemporary war, where military organizations-training, and the choice of weapons, doctrine, and tactics-create the conditions for systemic collateral damage, Crawford contends that placing moral responsibility for systemic collateral damage on individuals is misplaced. She develops a new theory of organizational moral agency and responsibility, and shows how the US military exercised moral agency and moral responsibility to reduce the incidence of collateral damage in America's most recent wars. Indeed, when the U.S. military and its allies saw that the perception of collateral damage killing was causing it to lose support in the war zones, it moved to a "population centric" doctrine, putting civilian protection at the heart of its strategy. Trenchant, original, and ranging across security studies, international law, ethics, and international relations, Accountability for Killing will reshape our understanding of the ethics of contemporary war.

Communicating Moral Concern

Author : Elise Springer
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262018942
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Communicating Moral Concern by : Elise Springer

Download or read book Communicating Moral Concern written by Elise Springer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern moral theories have crystallized around the logic of individual choices, abstracted from social and historical context. Yet most action, including moral theorizing, can equally be understood as a response, conscious or otherwise, to the social world out of which it emerges. In this novel account of moral agency, Elise Springer accords central importance to how we intervene in activity around us. To notice and address what others are doing with their moral agency is to exercise what Springer calls critical responsiveness

Judging and Understanding

Author : Dr Pedro Alexis Tabensky
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 1409485129
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Judging and Understanding by : Dr Pedro Alexis Tabensky

Download or read book Judging and Understanding written by Dr Pedro Alexis Tabensky and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2012-10-01 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection embodies a debate that explores what could be characterised as the tension between judging and understanding. It seems that after a particular threshold of understanding of the basic facts leading to a given moral transgression, the more we understand the context and motives leading to crime, the more likely we are to abstain from harsh retributive judgement. Martha Nussbaum’s essay ‘Equity and Mercy’, included in this collection, is the philosophical starting point of this debate, and Bernhard Schlink’s novel The Reader - a novel exploring the tension between judging and understanding, among other things - is used as a case study by most contributors. Some contributors, situated at one end of the spectrum of views represented in this collection, argue for the wholesale elimination of our practices of retribution in the light of the tension between judging and understanding, while contributors on the other side of the spectrum argue that the tension does not actually exist. A whole array of intermediate positions, including Nussbaum’s, are represented. This anthology is comprised of nearly all specially commissioned essays bringing together work dealing with the moral, metaphysical, epistemological and phenomenological issues required for properly understanding whether in fact there is a tension between judging and understanding and what the moral and legal implications may be of accepting or rejecting this tension.

Applied Ethics

Author : Larry May
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351576313
Total Pages : 607 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Applied Ethics by : Larry May

Download or read book Applied Ethics written by Larry May and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This best-selling text continues to fill an existing gap in the literature taught in applied ethics courses. As a growing number of courses that include the perspectives of diverse cultures are being added to the university curriculum, texts are needed that represent more multicultural and diverse histories and backgrounds. This new edition enhances gender coverage, as nearly half of the pieces are now authored by women. The new edition also increases the percentage of pieces written by those who come from a non-Western background. It offers twelve up-to-date articles (not found in previous editions) on human rights, environmental ethics, poverty, war and violence, gender, race, euthanasia, and abortion; all of these topics are addressed from Western and non-Western perspectives.

Against Moral Responsibility

Author : Bruce N. Waller
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262016591
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Against Moral Responsibility by : Bruce N. Waller

Download or read book Against Moral Responsibility written by Bruce N. Waller and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-10-14 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A vigorous attack on moral responsibility in all its forms argues that the abolition of moral responsibility will be liberating and beneficial. In Against Moral Responsibility, Bruce Waller launches a spirited attack on a system that is profoundly entrenched in our society and its institutions, deeply rooted in our emotions, and vigorously defended by philosophers from ancient times to the present. Waller argues that, despite the creative defenses of it by contemporary thinkers, moral responsibility cannot survive in our naturalistic-scientific system. The scientific understanding of human behavior and the causes that shape human character, he contends, leaves no room for moral responsibility. Waller argues that moral responsibility in all its forms—including criminal justice, distributive justice, and all claims of just deserts—is fundamentally unfair and harmful and that its abolition will be liberating and beneficial. What we really want—natural human free will, moral judgments, meaningful human relationships, creative abilities—would survive and flourish without moral responsibility. In the course of his argument, Waller examines the origins of the basic belief in moral responsibility, proposes a naturalistic understanding of free will, offers a detailed argument against moral responsibility and critiques arguments in favor of it, gives a general account of what a world without moral responsibility would look like, and examines the social and psychological aspects of abolishing moral responsibility. Waller not only mounts a vigorous, and philosophically rigorous, attack on the moral responsibility system, but also celebrates the benefits that would result from its total abolition.

Distribution of Responsibilities in International Law

Author : André Nollkaemper
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107107083
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Distribution of Responsibilities in International Law by : André Nollkaemper

Download or read book Distribution of Responsibilities in International Law written by André Nollkaemper and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-18 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring theoretical foundations for the distribution of shared responsibility, this book provides a basis for the development of international law.

Responsibility from the Margins

Author : David Shoemaker
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198715676
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Responsibility from the Margins by : David Shoemaker

Download or read book Responsibility from the Margins written by David Shoemaker and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study develops a pluralistic quality of will theory of responsibility, motivated by our ambivalence to real life cases of marginal agency, such as those with clinical depression, scrupulosity, psychopathy, autism, intellectual disability, and more. Our ambivalent responses suggest that such agents are responsible in some ways but not others. A tripartite theory is developed to account for this fact of our ambivalence via exploration of the appropriateness conditions of three distinct categories of our pan-cultural emotional responsibility responses: attributability, answerability, and accountability.

In Face of the Facts

Author : Richard Wightman Fox
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521628877
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (288 download)

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Book Synopsis In Face of the Facts by : Richard Wightman Fox

Download or read book In Face of the Facts written by Richard Wightman Fox and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-11-07 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently there has been a renewed interest in moral inquiry among American scholars in a variety of disciplines. This collection of accessible essays by scholars in philosophy, political theory, psychology, history, literary studies, sociology, religious studies, anthropology, and legal studies affords a view of the current state of moral inquiry in the American academy, and it offers fresh departures for ethically informed, interdisciplinary scholarship. Seeking neither to reduce values to facts nor facts to values, these essays aim to foster discussion about inquiry and moral judgment, and demonstrate that moral inquiry need not be either dispassionate and value-free or moralistic and preachy.

International Intervention in the Post-Cold War World

Author : Michael C. Davis
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315498154
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis International Intervention in the Post-Cold War World by : Michael C. Davis

Download or read book International Intervention in the Post-Cold War World written by Michael C. Davis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International intervention on humanitarian grounds has been a contentious issue for decades. First, it pits the principle of state sovereignty against claims of universal human rights. Second, the motivations of intervening states may be open to question when avowals of moral action are arguably the fig leaf covering an assertion of power for political advantage. These questions have been salient in the context of the Balkan and African wars and U.S. policy in the Middle East. This volume undertakes a serious, systematic, and broadly international review of the issues.

More Than Victims

Author : Donald Alexander Downs
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226161600
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (616 download)

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Book Synopsis More Than Victims by : Donald Alexander Downs

Download or read book More Than Victims written by Donald Alexander Downs and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1998-10 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Donald Downs offers an analysis of the injustices behind the logic of battered woman syndrome, concluding that this very logic harms those it is trying to protect. This work seeks to rethink the criminal justice system.

Thomas Szasz

Author : C. V. Haldipur
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192543210
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Thomas Szasz by : C. V. Haldipur

Download or read book Thomas Szasz written by C. V. Haldipur and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-24 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thomas Szasz wrote over thirty books and several hundred articles, replete with mordant criticism of psychiatry, in both scientific and popular periodicals. His works made him arguably one of the world's most recognized psychiatrists, albeit one of the most controversial. These writings have been translated into several languages and have earned him a worldwide following. Szasz was a man of towering intellect, sweeping historical knowledge, and deep-rooted, mostly libertarian, philosophical beliefs. He wrote with a lucid and acerbic wit, but usually in a way that is accessible to general readers. His books cautioned against the indiscriminate power of psychiatry in courts and in society, and against the apparent rush to medicalize all human folly. They have spawned an eponymous ideology that has influenced, to various degrees, laws relating to mental health in several countries and states. This book critically examines the legacy of Thomas Szasz - a man who challenged the very concept of mental illness and questioned several practices of psychiatrists. The book surveys his many contributions including those in psychoanalysis, which are very often overlooked by his critics. While admiring his seminal contribution to the debate, the book will also point to some of his assertions that merit closer scrutiny. Contributors to the book are drawn from various disciplines, including Psychiatry, Philosophy and Law; and are from various countries including the United States, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Some contributors knew Thomas Szasz personally and spent many hours with him discussing issues he raised in his books and articles. The book will be fascinating reading for anyone interested in matters of mental health, human rights, and ethics.

Nationalism, Ethnicity and Boundaries

Author : Jennifer Jackson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317599993
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Nationalism, Ethnicity and Boundaries by : Jennifer Jackson

Download or read book Nationalism, Ethnicity and Boundaries written by Jennifer Jackson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-11-13 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nationalism and ethnicity have become, across time and space, a force in the construction of boundaries. This book analyses geographical and physical borders and symbolic, political and socio-economic boundaries, and how they impact upon nationalism and ethnic identity. Geographic and other tangible borders are critical components in the making and unmaking of boundaries. However, symbolic or intangible boundaries along national, ethnic, political or socio-economic criteria are equally significant. Organised into three sections on theory, national and transnational case studies, this book both introduces existing approaches to the study of boundaries and illustrates how it is possible to apply renewed boundary approaches to better understand nationalism and ethnicity in contemporary contexts. Expert contributors in the field present detailed case studies on the UK, Israel, Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan, and draw upon further examples from more than a dozen countries to provide a critical evaluation of the use of borders, boundaries and boundary-making in the study of nationalism and ethnicity. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of International Politics, Nationalism, Racial and Ethnic Politics, Ethnic Identity and Sociology.

Evil Matters

Author : Zachary J. Goldberg
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000423034
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Evil Matters by : Zachary J. Goldberg

Download or read book Evil Matters written by Zachary J. Goldberg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-08-06 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an inquiry into particular matters concerning the nature, normativity, and aftermath of evil action. It combines philosophical conceptual analysis with empirical studies in psychology and discussions of historical events to provide an innovative analysis of evil action. The book considers unresolved questions belonging to metaethical, normative, and practical characteristics of evil action. It begins by asking whether Kant’s historical account of evil is still relevant for contemporary thinkers. Then it addresses features of evil action that distinguish it from mundane wrongdoing, thereby placing it as a proper category of philosophical inquiry. Next, the author inquires into how evil acts affect moral relationships and challenge Strawsonian accounts of moral responsibility. He then draws conceptual and empirical connections between evil acts such as genocide, torture, and slavery and collective agency, and asks why evil acts are often collective acts. Finally, the author questions both the possibility and propriety of forgiveness and vengeance in the aftermath of evil and discusses how individuals ought to cope with the pervasiveness of evil in human interaction. Evil Matters: A Philosophical Inquiry will be of interest to advanced students and researchers in philosophy working on the concept of evil, moral responsibility, collective agency, vengeance, and forgiveness.

Communities of Respect

Author : Bennett W. Helm
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198801866
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Communities of Respect by : Bennett W. Helm

Download or read book Communities of Respect written by Bennett W. Helm and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Communities of respect are communities of people sharing common practices or a (partial) way of life; they include families, clubs, religious groups, and political parties. This book develops a detailed account of such communities in terms of the rational structure of their members' reactive attitudes: emotions like resentment, gratitude, guilt, approbation, and indignation, whereby people hold each other responsible to certain norms. Helm argues that these communities are fundamental in three interrelated ways to understanding what it is to be a person. First, it is only by being a member of a community of respect that one can be a responsible agent having dignity; such an agent therefore has certain rights as well as the authority to demand that fellow members recognize her dignity and follow the norms of the community, compliance with which norms they likewise have the authority to demand from her. Second, by prescribing or proscribing both actions and values, communities of respect can shape the identities of their members in ways that others have the authority to enforce, thereby revealing an important interpersonal dimension of the identities of persons. Finally, all of this is grounded in a distinctively interpersonal form of practical rationality in virtue of which we jointly have reasons to recognize the dignity and authority of fellow members and so to comply with their authoritative demands, as well as to respect (and so comply with) the norms of the community. Hence we persons are essentially social creatures.