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Monitoring The Agri Food System In Myanmar Rice Millers August 2023 Survey Round
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Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :7 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Rice millers – August 2023 survey round by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Rice millers – August 2023 survey round written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-11-15 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In August 2023, we surveyed 388 active rice millers from 13 states and regions across Myanmar to learn more about the impacts of the current political and COVID-19 crises. This report presents the key results and analysis from those interviews. Key findings • Patterns of reported business disruptions show substantial improvements compared to a year ago, but limited changes since March 2023. Access to electricity remained the most common disruption and was reported to be the biggest challenge by more than half of the sample. Fuel cost, fuel access, and transportation costs were also common disruptions although they are far less common than in August 2022. • Larger mills mostly use electricity and are therefore most impacted by the persistent electrical supply issues. Yet some have expanded their power sources in the past three years by investing in electricity generators powered by husks or fuel. • Despite the challenges, milling throughput in 2023 is similar to 2022. However, paddy and rice storage volumes are significantly lower this year, while conditional average amount of credit provided to farmers increased significantly during the 2023 monsoon season. • Paddy and rice prices continued their rapid upward trajectory that began in mid-2022 and in August were 80 percent higher than one year prior and 2.5 times the price from 2021. The local Myanmar price changes are largely driven by global rice markets and foreign exchange rates. Looking forward • Recent policies to keep consumer rice prices low – including efforts to control rice prices and to limit export licensing – along with erratic foreign exchange policies can lead to increased price volatility and uncertainty for farmers, traders, millers, and exporters. If domestic paddy and rice prices fall because of these interventions, millers and farmers are less likely to recover investment costs, pay off debts, and make profits for further investment in next year’s productions.
Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :8 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Rice millers – March 2023 survey round by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Rice millers – March 2023 survey round written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-07-21 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In March 2023, we interviewed more than 430 active rice millers to assess business disruptions and price changes at the midstream of Myanmar’s most important agricultural value chain. Key findings High fuel costs and electricity supply remain the most commonly reported disruptions in March 2023, with medium/ large modern mills facing more issues related to transport costs, electricity supply, and transport restrictions. Among the disruptions, electricity access is the most significant disruption for both medium/large-scale mills and small/micro mills, followed by fuel costs and fuel access. Smaller mills experienced declines in throughput, while larger mills maintained similar monthly throughput and decreased paddy storage compared to the previous year. Larger mills were less willing to provide credit to farmers, and there was an increase in byproduct sales for smaller mills. Wages paid by mills increased by about 18 percent, working capital requirements to buy paddy rose significantly for both larger and smaller mills, and milling commission fees increased for both mill types compared to last year. Paddy and rice prices for Emata and Pawsan varieties have significantly increased in March 2023, surpassing prices from March 2021 and 2022 due to currency devaluation and a slight increase in global rice prices. Milling margins have also increased compared to previous years. Despite the price hikes, millers are not extracting a disproportionate share of rice prices, and the prices of main byproducts, like broken rice and rice bran, have remained healthy, presenting positive prospects for mill profit margins.
Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :9 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Rice millers – August 2022 survey round by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Rice millers – August 2022 survey round written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2022-11-16 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In August 2022, we surveyed 467 active rice millers from 13 states and regions across Myanmar to learn more about the impacts of the current political and COVID-19 crises. This report presents the key results and analysis from those interviews. Key findings Electricity and fuel disruptions were cited as the most significant disruption by 91 percent of millers in August 2022. Rising fuel prices and access issues afflicted smaller, local mills while larger mills were more affected by interruptions in electricity supplies. Continuing a trend from March 2022, banking and credit disruptions were less prevalent in August. Lending and borrowing show only minor changes relative to 2021. Average milling throughput declined by more than 20 percent compared to a year prior, and stored volumes of both paddy and rice showed similar declines. Rice prices and milling margins increased sharply by about 40 percent compared to last year, driven by rising global prices, and, most importantly, by a rapid devaluation of Myanmar kyat. In USD terms, the price increases are more modest and closer to global changes. At the parallel (unofficial) exchange rate, prices have declined. Prices of byproducts (in kyats) have also increased sharply from the last year, especially for rice bran which is important to the animal feed industry. Looking forward Looking forward to the 2022 monsoon harvest and marketing season, over half of all millers expect a decline in paddy production of at least 10 percent in their townships and an additional 22 percent of millers expect a smaller decline. Just 3 percent expect their local paddy production to be higher in 2022 monsoon than in 2021. Changes in input use (e.g., a decline in fertilizer application) are far and away the most cited reason for lower expected paddy production. Half of millers said that less favorable rainfall patterns compared to 2021 are also a factor in lower paddy production. On top of lower reported throughput in August 2022 and lower storage volumes, a decline in monsoon paddy production would have large implications for both rural and urban households. Lower supply coupled with the continued and widespread disruptions to utilities and transport, could drive prices even higher. At the same time, unpredictable foreign exchange and export policies could make it difficult for value chain actors to anticipate supply and demand conditions, resulting in higher price volatility.
Book Synopsis Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Rice millers – March 2022 survey round by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Rice millers – March 2022 survey round written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2022-06-07 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In March 2022, we interviewed more than 540 active rice millers to assess business disruptions and price changes at the midstream of Myanmar’s most important agricultural value chain. Key findings: Electricity and fuel disruptions were cited as the largest disruption for more than 80% of millers in March 2022, overtaking banking disruptions which had been the largest challenge in each survey round since early 2021. Transport and fuel cost increases are also significant difficulties for modern mills. Diesel prices have more than doubled from a year ago. Paddy and rice prices were higher in March 2022 than one year prior. For Emata varieties, paddy prices increased by 14 percent and milled rice prices increased by 8 percent. However, milling margins are stable, suggesting that millers are not contributing to the escalating consumer rice prices. Total monsoon harvest season throughput declined by 15 percent on average compared to a year ago. The leading factor is likely households withholding more rice and marketing smaller volumes, though reduced milling time from electricity cuts and diesel shortages also contribute. Lower throughput and constant margins imply lower overall profitability reflected in lower average operating capital. Lower profits and heightened uncertainty over the last two years have also contributed to a sharp decline in machinery investments. Looking forward: Increasing fuel and transport costs increase distribution margins and raise consumer prices. Electricity shortages or unpredictable shutoffs for modern mills could put further upward pressure on prices by restricting the marketed supply of rice. There is a high degree of uncertainty about rice exports from the recent foreign exchange policy changes including a fixed kyat conversion rate. Access to export markets can help stabilize prices in an otherwise turbulent economy. Further, with declining miller profits, byproduct markets become even more important for financial viability and a large volume of broken rice is exported. Therefore, potential disruptions to rice exports could have adverse effects on the rice value chain. The low investment in machinery in recent years not only suggests stalled growth in the rice milling sector but also some depreciation of equipment without replacement.
Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :7 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Rice millers – November 2021 survey round by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Rice millers – November 2021 survey round written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2022-01-18 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rice mills are the primary link in the rice value chain between farmers and consumers. Therefore, it is critical to monitor milling shocks as they will affect both farmers' incomes and urban rice prices. Since June 2020, we have monitored the impact of COVID-19 and political instability on rice millers in Myanmar and this is the tenth Research Note in the series. In this Research Note, we present evidence from interviews with 392 rice millers conducted in November 2021 in Myanmar’s three major rice-growing regions–Ayeyarwady, Bago, and Yangon. We present evidence of the current situation in relation to previous survey rounds, including 1) disruptions in milling caused by the political and health crises; 2) changes in operations such as throughput, paddy and rice storage, and working capital; 3) reasons for expected throughput changes in the 2021 monsoon harvest season; and 4) prices of paddy, rice, and byproducts.
Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :6 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Rice millers – April 2021 survey round by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Rice millers – April 2021 survey round written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rice mills are the most important link in Myanmar’s rice value chain. Mills buy paddy from farmers and process it into rice, the primary staple of Myanmar accounting for more than 50 percent of calories consumed in the country. Thus, disruptions to the milling sector have important upstream implications for farm incomes as well as downstream implications for household food security. In this Research Note, we present results and analysis of recent economic disruptions to rice mills from an April 2021 round of a telephone panel survey of 445 millers in Ayeyarwady, Bago, and Yangon. We examine (i) disruptions caused by the current political and COVID-19 crises; (ii) responses to these disruptions; and (iii) and price changes for paddy, head rice, broken rice, and rice bran in April 2021 relative to April 2020 and to January 2021, prior to the political crisis that began on 1 February.
Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :6 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Rice millers – June 2021 survey round by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Rice millers – June 2021 survey round written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-08-17 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand the effects of recent economic and political disruptions on Myanmar’s rice sector, we conducted an additional round of a telephone survey of medium- and large-scale rice millers in June 2021.
Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :7 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Rice millers – September 2021 survey round by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Rice millers – September 2021 survey round written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-10-25 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand the effects of the COVID-19 crisis and political instability on Myanmar’s rice sector, we conducted a telephone survey of 388 medium- and large-scale rice millers from major rice growing regions in September 2021. This report present results from interviews conducted with rice millers from Ayeyarwady, Bago, and Yangon regions. Key findings: Banking sector disruptions remain the most significant challenge for rice millers in September 2021 (reported by 70 percent of respondents) and receiving payment for rice and making payment for paddy are among the most frequently cited disruptions. Mills are in an increasingly difficult financial situation. Working capital dropped by 24 percent compared to September last year and fewer mills sold milling byproducts–rice bran and broken rice–which are important for profitability. Overall, 68 percent of millers expect monsoon milling profits in 2021 to be less than in 2020. Lending to farmers declined in the 2021 monsoon season compared to 2020. Fewer millers offered credit to farmers and the average value of credit-out was 21 percent lower. Increased transportation costs and transportation restrictions were also widespread challenges in September 2021. Diesel prices have increased by 31 percent since December 2020 and by 10 percent since June 2021. COVID-19 safety practices jumped following Myanmar’s third wave of cases: ninety-eight percent and 97 percent of millers adopted face coverings and regular handwashing, respectively. Expected monsoon season paddy harvests and milling throughput in 2021 are lower than 2020 (55 percent and 74 percent, respectively). Mill-level rice sales prices increased between June and September, following their normal season trends. Compared to last year, milling margins were higher for Emata varieties and lower for Pawsan, but overall milling margins in 2021 have been similar to their 2020 levels. Thus, milling margins are not a major contributor to changes in retail rice prices paid by consumers this year compared to last year. Recommendations: Credit guarantees to enable banks or MFIs to expand working capital to the milling sector should be considered to ensure the financial viability of rice milling. Easing transport restrictions and re-opening export markets would bring much needed stability to rice markets while relaxing the financial and production constraints that millers are experiencing.
Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :7 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Agricultural input retailers – August 2023 survey round by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Agricultural input retailers – August 2023 survey round written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-09-28 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand the effects of political instability and related shocks on Myanmar’s agricultural input sector, we conducted a phone survey of 187 input retailers throughout the country in August 2023. Key Findings • Fertilizer and pesticides were generally more available in 2023 monsoon than in 2022, though seeds were less available. More input retailers reported higher fertilizer sales in 2023 compared to pre-pandemic sales in 2019. Also on a positive note, the share of input sellers reporting low input demand dropped in 2023 compared to 2022. • Nominal fertilizer prices remain high in 2023, but sales have increased and prices relative to rice prices decreased 50 percent for urea and 38 percent for compound compared to 2022. • The percentage of input retailers reporting transportation disruptions has declined over the past 12 months, but 66 percent of retailers still report higher transportation costs. • Import challenges are now the most significant disruption to input retailers’ businesses, increased more than sixfold from less than 5 percent in 2022 to 30 percent in 2023. Fifty six percent of input sellers could not acquire at least some inputs. • More retailers reported purchasing and selling inputs on credit in 2023 compared to 2022 and demand for both credit in and credit out remain high. • The input retail sector has generally experienced growth in fertilizer sales over the past 10 years. Competition has also increased with 92 percent more input sellers in retailers’ village tracts or wards in 2023 compared to 2013 and 27 percent more relative to pre-COVID levels. Looking Forward • Higher fertilizer sales and decreased transportation disruptions in each agro-ecological zone relative to last year are positive signs for 2023 monsoon crop production. • However, unpredictable import processes and foreign exchange regulations could negatively affect input availability in the upcoming seasons. • More input retailers reported challenges with recovering credit lent out to farmers, and more farmers were buying inputs on credit in 2023 compared to 2022, indicating that farmers are still cash constrained.
Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :5 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Monitoring the Agri-food System in Myanmar: The rising costs of diets and declining purchasing power of casual wage laborers: June 2020–August 2023 by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Monitoring the Agri-food System in Myanmar: The rising costs of diets and declining purchasing power of casual wage laborers: June 2020–August 2023 written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-10-26 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We assess changes in food prices and purchasing power of casual wage laborers based on largescale surveys of food vendors (fielded from June 2020 until August 2023) and households (fielded in 5 periods in 2022 and 2023) in rural and urban areas and in all state/regions of Myanmar. Key Findings Over the full period (June 2020 - August 2023), the cost of the healthy diet rose by 111 percent and the common diet by 130 percent. After a reprieve from high food inflation in the first half of 2023, prices increased rapidly in Q3 resulting in a 23 and 27 percent increase in the healthy and common diets, respectively, in August 2023 compared to the previous year, when food prices were already very high. Rice – the major staple – prices increased by 67 percent between August 2022 and August 2023. Over the full period (June 2020 to August 2023), pulse, pork, and leafy green prices approximately doubled; rice prices nearly tripled; potato and onion prices more than tripled; and oil prices more than quadrupled. The value of daily wages of construction and agricultural wage laborers relative to common and healthy diet costs declined by about 18 and 16 percent between the Q2 of 2022 and Q2 of 2023. However, rising wages increased more rapidly in the first half of 2023 while food inflation slowed which stabilized diet adjusted wages. Food costs outpaced wages between Q2 of 2022 and Q2 of 2023, making food increasingly unaffordable for wage earners who are among the most vulnerable household groups in Myanmar, particularly in rural areas. Recommended Actions Food should be available at low costs to avoid food security and nutrition problems in the country; assuring a well-functioning agri-food system should therefore be a priority for all stakeholders. As casual wage workers are among the poorest and as their situation is worsening, they should be targeted in social safety net programs.
Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :11 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Mechanization service providers – July 2023 survey round by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Mechanization service providers – July 2023 survey round written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-09-18 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A phone survey was conducted in July 2023 to understand the effects of political instability on Myanmar’s mechanization service providers (MSPs) that are crucial for enabling smallholder farmers to undertake a range of power-intensive farm and post-harvest operations in a timely manner. This note reports on the results of this survey, which is the 11th in a series of phone surveys, as well as on trends from earlier surveys.
Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :18 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Livelihood resilience and the agrifood system in Myanmar: Implications for agriculture and a rural development strategy in a time of crisis by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Livelihood resilience and the agrifood system in Myanmar: Implications for agriculture and a rural development strategy in a time of crisis written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-08-24 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Myanmar’s agrifood system has proven surprisingly resilient in the face of multiple crises—COVID 19, the military coup, economic mismanagement, global price instability, and widespread conflict—with respect to production and exports. Household welfare has not been resilient, however. High rates of inflation, especially food price inflation, have resulted in dietary degradation across all house hold groups, especially those dependent on casual wage labor. Among household members, young children experience the highest rates of inadequate dietary quality. Expanded social protection to improve access to better-quality diets for vulnerable households and individuals is therefore needed. Beyond the current political crisis, increased public and private investment in a more efficient and dynamic agrifood system should be a high priority. This will help drive down poverty rates and ensure access to healthy diets in the near term, while laying the foundation for sustained growth and structural transformation of the economy.
Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :10 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Mechanization service providers - January 2023 survey round by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Mechanization service providers - January 2023 survey round written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-04-28 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A phone survey was conducted in January 2023 to understand the effects of COVID‑19 and political instability on Myanmar’s mechanization service providers (MSPs). MSPs are crucial to enabling smallholder farmers to undertake a range of power-intensive farm and post-harvest operations in a timely manner. This note reports on the results of this survey, the tenth in a series of phone surveys, and trends from earlier surveys.
Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :8 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Agricultural crop traders – August 2022 survey by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Agricultural crop traders – August 2022 survey written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crop traders are important actors in the mid-stream of Myanmar’s food supply chains serving as the essential link between farms and food processors, exporters, commodity exchange centers, and urban food markets. Disruptions in the mid-stream brought on by political instability and COVID-19 will likely have an impact on both farmers and urban consumers through market access and crop pricing.This is the eighth Research Note in a series that has monitored the impacts of COVID-19 and political instability on crop traders in Myanmar through telephone surveys since May 2020. This Research Note presents results from 359 interviews conducted between August 24th and September 5th, 2022 including (i) general and major disruptions caused by the political crisis (ii) perceived impacts resulting from transportation restrictions and recent changes in foreign currency regulations; (iii) changes in crop prices, trading volumes, transport costs, and fuel prices; (iv) detail on credit lent out to farmers and credit taken in by traders. The sample covers 111 townships in 14 states and regions (Figure 1). Traders from Shan State comprise the largest share in our sample (32 percent) followed by Magway (17 percent), Sagaing (17 percent), and Mandalay (15 percent). Wholesalers who purchase, store, grade, and sell commodities account for nearly three quarters of the sample. The other quarter is brokers and agents who facilitate crop transactions on commission. We split the two groups in the analysis and compare contemporary data from 2022 to recalled data from 2021. Results are shown as percentage changes.
Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :7 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Maize farmers – Monsoon season phone surveys by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Maize farmers – Monsoon season phone surveys written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-10-29 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand the effects of recent economic and political disruptions on Myanmar’s maize farmers during the monsoon season, we conducted two telephone surveys with 1,178 farmers in July and September 2021. Key Findings There were widespread disruptions throughout the 2021 monsoon season: 11 percent of respondents were displaced by violence in July, and most farmers had had enforced transportation restrictions in their village tracts (58 percent) and their townships (84 percent). Seventy percent of farmers expect these restrictions to affect their monsoon marketing. Two-thirds of respondents received farm credit for inputs in the 2021 monsoon season, an increase of 3 percentage points relative to 2020, and average credit values increased slightly. Most credit was provided by traders (27 percent receiving), which may be unique to maize production as there are broader credit declines in other parts of the country and maize prices have increased in 2021. Additionally, exports to Thailand have been robust. High fertilizer prices will likely lead to a decline in application rates as 63 percent of farmers reported reduced input use, which will negatively affect yields. Median maize farm sizes fell by one acre in 2021 relative to 2020, though average maize acreages were stable. Pest incidence rates (72 percent reporting problems), especially for fall armyworm (45 percent), were high in July, posing another threat to production. There was a decline in access to formal extension services, particularly for information provided by input companies and government extension agents. Farmers increasingly turned to neighbors for agricultural advice.
Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :13 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: The rising costs of diets and declining purchasing power of casual wage laborers: June 2020 - February 2023 by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: The rising costs of diets and declining purchasing power of casual wage laborers: June 2020 - February 2023 written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-04-24 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We assess changes in food prices and purchasing power of casual wage laborers based on large-scale surveys of food vendors (fielded from June 2020 until February 2023) and households in rural and urban areas and in all state/regions of Myanmar. Key findings Over the full period (June 2020 - February 2023), the cost of the healthy diet rose by 72 percent and the common diet by 82 percent. Prices for rice –the major staple– increased by 62 percent between March 2022 and February 2023. The costs of a common and healthy diet increased especially over the year 2022, by 50 and 51 percent respectively between Q1 of 2022 and Q4 of 2022. Diet costs increased more in rural areas compared to urban areas and more in the Dry Zone and coastal areas – which are more affected by conflicts – compared to the national average. The value of daily wages of construction and agricultural wage laborers relative to common and healthy diet costs declined by about 25 and 28 percent over the year 2022. Food costs are outpacing wages, making food increasingly unaffordable for wage earners who are among the most vulnerable household groups in Myanmar, particularly in rural areas. Recommended actions Food should be available at low costs to avoid food insecurity and nutrition problems in the country; assuring a well-functioning agri-food system should therefore be a priority for all stakeholders. Casual wage workers are among the poorest and their situation is worsening. They should therefore be targeted in social safety net programs. It is important to closely monitor food prices and the wages of the poor - they are good proxies for purchasing power and welfare and can be measured at high frequency.
Book Synopsis Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Agricultural crop traders – April 2023 survey by : Myanmar SSP Research Note
Download or read book Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Agricultural crop traders – April 2023 survey written by Myanmar SSP Research Note and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-07-27 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To document changes in the mid-stream of Myanmar’s food value chains, a phone survey of commodity traders was conducted in April 2023 with a sample of 304 traders in 14 states and regions. Key Findings • Continuing trends from 2022, transportation disruptions and higher costs continue to be the most prevalent and the most impactful challenges facing crop traders in April 2023. Transport costs are 44 percent higher than a year ago and almost half of traders had difficulties accessing fuel, nearly doubling the share from one year prior. • In-person bank transfers have increased to 34 percent of crop sales, up from just 16 percent in 2022. However, average values of credit lent out to farmers and credit taken in by traders increased by more than 10 percent from 2022. • Lastly, crop prices, already high in 2022 after the start of the Russia-Ukraine War, have continued an upward trend, with Myanmar price increases outpacing global markets. However, local trading margins (as percentages of sales prices) have declined slightly since 2021, signaling continued competitiveness in crop trading. Looking Ahead • High crop prices may encourage investment in productive inputs and area expansions, hopefully leading to secure production in the 2023 monsoon. Conversely, higher prices are a negative for consumers, and continued difficulties and increased costs in transport will lead to wider price gaps between farmers and consumers and negative welfare effects. • For traders, high prices necessitate greater working capital. Improving access to capital and alleviating banking restrictions will further improve trade efficiency. • Lastly, export markets continue to be important for Myanmar’s agrifood system as important marketing channels that can stabilize prices from domestic demand shocks. Increased export demand can also increase domestic prices, which is a negative for consumers. Policies introduced to track exports more closely and bolster foreign currency reserves may add frictions to international crop trade that have knock-on effects through crop value chains.
