Money Power And Influence In Eighteenth Century Lithuania

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Money, Power, and Influence in Eighteenth-Century Lithuania

Author : Adam Teller
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804799873
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Money, Power, and Influence in Eighteenth-Century Lithuania by : Adam Teller

Download or read book Money, Power, and Influence in Eighteenth-Century Lithuania written by Adam Teller and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-21 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has often been claimed that Jews have a penchant for capitalism and capitalist economic activity. With this book, Adam Teller challenges that assumption. Examining how Jews achieved their extraordinary success within the late feudal economy of the eighteenth-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, he shows that economic success did not necessarily come through any innate entrepreneurial skills, but through identifying and exploiting economic niches in the pre-modern economy—in particular, the monopoly on the sale of grain alcohol. Jewish economic activity was a key factor in the development of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and it greatly enhanced the incomes, and thereby the social and political status, of the noble magnates, including the powerful Radziwiłł family. In turn, with the magnate's backing, Jews were able to leverage their own economic success into high status in estate society. Over time, relations within Jewish society began to change, putting less value on learning and pedigree and more on wealth and connections with the estate owners. This groundbreaking book exemplifies how the study of Jewish economic history can shed light on a crucial mechanism of Jewish social integration. In the Polish-Lithuanian setting, Jews were simultaneously a despised religious minority and key economic players, with a consequent standing that few could afford to ignore.

The Jewish Eighteenth Century

Author : Shmuel Feiner
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253052580
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis The Jewish Eighteenth Century by : Shmuel Feiner

Download or read book The Jewish Eighteenth Century written by Shmuel Feiner and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-01 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eighteenth century was the Jews' first modern century. The deep changes that took place during its course shaped the following generations, and its most prominent voices still reverberate today. In this first volume of his magisterial work, Shmuel Feiner charts the twisting and fascinating world of the first half of the 18th century from the viewpoint of the Jews of Europe. Paying careful attention to life stories, to bright and dark experiences, to voices of protest, to aspirations of reform, and to strivings for personal and general happiness, Feiner identifies the tectonic changes that were taking place in Europe and their unprecedented effects on and among Jews. From the religious and cultural revolution of the Haskalah (Jewish Enlightenment) to the question of whether Jews could be citizens of any nation, Feiner presents a broad view of how this century of upheaval altered the map of Europe and the Jews who called it home.

The Jewish Eighteenth Century, Volume 2

Author : Shmuel Feiner
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253065151
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis The Jewish Eighteenth Century, Volume 2 by : Shmuel Feiner

Download or read book The Jewish Eighteenth Century, Volume 2 written by Shmuel Feiner and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2023-04-04 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second volume of Shmuel Feiner's The Jewish Eighteenth Century covers the period from 1750 to 1800, a time of even greater upheavals, tensions, and challenges. The changes that began to emerge at the beginning of the eighteenth century matured in the second half. Feiner explores how political considerations of the Jewish minority throughout Europe began to expand. From the "Jew Bill" of 1753 in Britain, to the surprising series of decrees issued by Joseph II of Austria that expanded tolerance in Austria, to the debate over emancipation in revolutionary France, the lives of the Jews of Europe became ever more intertwined with the political, social, economic, and cultural fabric of the continent. The Jewish Eighteenth Century, Volume 2: A European Biography, 1750-1800 concludes Feiner's landmark study of the history of Jewish populations in the period. By combining an examination of the broad and profound processes that changed the familiar world from the ground up with personal experiences of those who lived through them, it allows for a unique explanation of these momentous events.

The Oxford Handbook of the Jewish Diaspora

Author : Hasia R. Diner
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190240946
Total Pages : 721 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Jewish Diaspora by : Hasia R. Diner

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Jewish Diaspora written by Hasia R. Diner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The reality of diaspora has shaped Jewish history, its demography, its economic relationships, and the politics which that impacted the lives of Jews with each other and with the non-Jews among whom they lived. Jews have moved around the globe since the beginning of their history, maintaining relationships with their former Jewish neighbors, who had chosen other destinations and at the same time forging relationships in their new homes with Jews from widely different places of origin"--

Sources on Jewish Self-Government in the Polish Lands from Its Inception to the Present

Author : François Guesnet
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004501614
Total Pages : 726 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Sources on Jewish Self-Government in the Polish Lands from Its Inception to the Present by : François Guesnet

Download or read book Sources on Jewish Self-Government in the Polish Lands from Its Inception to the Present written by François Guesnet and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illustrating and documenting one thousand years of Jewish self-government in Polish and Lithuanian lands, this pioneering volume offers sources on Jewish communal organisation, civil and religious leadership, state policies, legislative projects, and the eastern European Jewish political encounter.

The Jewish Economic Elite

Author : Cornelia Aust
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253035449
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis The Jewish Economic Elite by : Cornelia Aust

Download or read book The Jewish Economic Elite written by Cornelia Aust and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-27 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this rich transnational history, Cornelia Aust traces Jewish Ashkenazi families as they moved across Europe and established new commercial and entrepreneurial networks as they went. Aust balances economic history with elaborate discussions of Jewish marriage patterns, women's economic activity, and intimate family life. Following their travels from Amsterdam to Warsaw, Aust opens a multifaceted window into the lives, relationships, and changing conditions of Jewish economic activity of a new Jewish mercantile elite.

The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 7, The Early Modern World, 1500–1815

Author : Jonathan Karp
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110813906X
Total Pages : 1154 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 7, The Early Modern World, 1500–1815 by : Jonathan Karp

Download or read book The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 7, The Early Modern World, 1500–1815 written by Jonathan Karp and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 1154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This seventh volume of The Cambridge History of Judaism provides an authoritative and detailed overview of early modern Jewish history, from 1500 to 1815. The essays, written by an international team of scholars, situate the Jewish experience in relation to the multiple political, intellectual and cultural currents of the period. They also explore and problematize the 'modernization' of world Jewry over this period from a global perspective, covering Jews in the Islamic world and in the Americas, as well as in Europe, with many chapters straddling the conventional lines of division between Sephardic, Ashkenazic, and Mizrahi history. The most up-to-date, comprehensive, and authoritative work in this field currently available, this volume will serve as an essential reference tool and ideal point of entry for advanced students and scholars of early modern Jewish history.

Jews, Judaism, and Success

Author : Robert Eisen
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 1487548249
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (875 download)

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Book Synopsis Jews, Judaism, and Success by : Robert Eisen

Download or read book Jews, Judaism, and Success written by Robert Eisen and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2023-06-23 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Jews, Judaism, and Success, Robert Eisen attempts to solve a long-standing mystery that has fascinated many: How did Jews become such a remarkably successful minority in the modern Western world? Eisen argues that Jews achieved such success because they were unusually well-prepared for it by their religion – in particular, Rabbinic Judaism, or the Judaism of the rabbis. Rooted in the Talmud, this form of Judaism instilled in Jews key values that paved the way for success in modern Western society: autonomy, freedom of thought, worldliness, and education. The book carefully analyses the evolution of these four values over the past two thousand years in order to demonstrate that they had a longer and richer history in Jewish culture than in Western culture. The book thus disputes the common assumption that Rabbinic Judaism was always an obstacle to Jews becoming modernized. It demonstrates that while modern Jews rejected aspects of Rabbinic Judaism, they also retained some of its values, and these values in particular led to Jewish success. Written for a broad range of readers, Jews, Judaism, and Success provides unique insights on the meaning of success and how it is achieved in the modern world.

Multicultural Commonwealth

Author : Stanley Bill
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822990199
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Multicultural Commonwealth by : Stanley Bill

Download or read book Multicultural Commonwealth written by Stanley Bill and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2023-11-14 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Innovative Study on Historical Multiculturalism in Central and Eastern Europe The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) was once the largest country in Europe—a multicultural republic that was home to Belarusians, Germans, Jews, Lithuanians, Poles, Ruthenians, Tatars, Ukrainians, and other ethnic and religious groups. Although long since dissolved, the Commonwealth remains a rich resource for mythmaking in its descendent modern-day states, but also a source of contention between those with different understandings of its history. Multicultural Commonwealth brings together the expertise of world-renowned scholars in a range of disciplines to present perspectives on both the Commonwealth’s historical diversity and the memory of this diversity. With cutting-edge research on the intermeshed histories and memories of different ethnic and religious groups of the Commonwealth, this volume asks how various contemporary conceptions of multiculturalism can be applied to the region through a critical lens that also seeks to understand the past on its own terms.

The European Guilds

Author : Sheilagh Ogilvie
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691217025
Total Pages : 682 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis The European Guilds by : Sheilagh Ogilvie

Download or read book The European Guilds written by Sheilagh Ogilvie and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-15 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Guilds ruled many crafts and trades from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution, and have always attracted debate and controversy. They were sometimes viewed as efficient institutions that guaranteed quality and skills. But they also excluded competitors, manipulated markets, and blocked innovations. Did the benefits of guilds outweigh their costs? Analyzing thousands of guilds that dominated European economies from 1000 to 1880, The European Guilds uses vivid examples and clear economic reasoning to answer that question. Sheilagh Ogilvie's book features the voices of honorable guild masters, underpaid journeymen, exploited apprentices, shady officials, and outraged customers, and follows the stories of the "vile encroachers"--Women, migrants, Jews, gypsies, bastards, and many others--desperate to work but hunted down by the guilds as illicit competitors. She investigates the benefits of guilds but also shines a light on their dark side. Guilds sometimes provided important services, but they also manipulated markets to profit their members. They regulated quality but prevented poor consumers from buying goods cheaply. They fostered work skills but denied apprenticeships to outsiders. They transmitted useful techniques but blocked innovations that posed a threat. Guilds existed widely not because they corrected market failures or served the common good but because they benefited two powerful groups--guild members and political elites."--Rabat de la jaquette.

Social and Cultural Relations in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Author : Richard Butterwick
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429557868
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Social and Cultural Relations in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by : Richard Butterwick

Download or read book Social and Cultural Relations in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania written by Richard Butterwick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-05 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was one of the largest and most linguistically, ethnically and religiously diverse polities in late medieval and early modern Europe. In the mid-1380s the Grand Duchy of Lithuania entered into a long process of union with the Kingdom of Poland. Since the destruction of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795, the history and memory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania have been much contested among its successor nations. This volume aims to excavate a level below their largely incompatible narratives. Instead, in an encounter with freshly discovered or long neglected sources, the authors of this book seek new understanding of the Grand Duchy, its citizens and inhabitants in "microhistories." Emphasizing urban and rural spaces, families, communities, networks, and travels, this book presents fresh research by established and emerging scholars.

Categorically Jewish, Distinctly Polish

Author : Moshe Rosman
Publisher : Liverpool University Press
ISBN 13 : 1800859074
Total Pages : 549 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Categorically Jewish, Distinctly Polish by : Moshe Rosman

Download or read book Categorically Jewish, Distinctly Polish written by Moshe Rosman and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-16 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moshe Rosman's revolutionary approach has become a cornerstone of Polish Jewish historiography. Challenging conventions, he asserts that the 'marriage of convenience' between the Jews and the Polish--Lithuanian Commonwealth was a dynamic relationship that, though punctuated by crisis and persecution, developed into a saga of overall achievement and stability. With that fundamental message this book forges a thematic survey of Jewish history in early modern Poland. These essays, written by Rosman over the course of a distinguished career, have all been updated and enhanced with new detail and nuanced arguments, taking account not only of new archival material and research but also of the ongoing evolution of the author’s own knowledge and perspectives. Some appear here in English for the first time. The volume's structure highlights key topics for understanding the Polish Jewish past: relations between Jews and other Poles; Jewish communal life; Polish Jewish women; and hasidism. One section analyses how this past has been presented in both scholarly and popular modes. The essays are crafted to place them in dialogue with each other. Analytical introductions weigh their significance in the light of modern and postmodern Jewish and Polish historiography. An extensive general introduction sets the context of the history portrayed here, while a thoughtful conclusion elucidates the larger motifs that emerge.

The Posen Library of Jewish Culture and Civilization, Volume 5

Author : Yosef Kaplan
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300135513
Total Pages : 1392 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Posen Library of Jewish Culture and Civilization, Volume 5 by : Yosef Kaplan

Download or read book The Posen Library of Jewish Culture and Civilization, Volume 5 written by Yosef Kaplan and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2023-03-21 with total page 1392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fifth volume of the Posen Library demonstrates through a rich array of texts and images the extraordinary diversity of Jewish life during the early modern period "A rich and varied gateway into the primary source material of early modern Jewish history that is very strong on geographical diversity. A magnificent achievement."--Adam Sutcliffe, King's College London The Posen Library of Jewish Culture and Civilization, Volume 5, covering the early modern period (1500-1750), presents a variety of Jewish texts to demonstrate the diversity of Jewish culture and life. These texts originate from Eastern and Western Europe, the Americas, the Ottoman Empire, North Africa, Kurdistan, Persia, Yemen, India--in short, a worldwide diaspora. They embrace historical writing and religious scholarship, liturgical expression and economic records, ethics and personal devotion, correspondence and communal regulations, art and music, architecture and poetry. The simultaneous centrifugal and centripetal character of Jewish communities during this era illustrates the distinctiveness of the early modern period in Jewish history and informs developments in world history at large. Including texts written by women, a robust collection of images, and extensive material not previously accessible to English-language readers, this volume is rich, deep, and enlightening.

Rescue the Surviving Souls

Author : Adam Teller
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691161747
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Rescue the Surviving Souls by : Adam Teller

Download or read book Rescue the Surviving Souls written by Adam Teller and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-14 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The mid-seventeenth century witnessed an enormous wave of Jewish refugees and forced migrants from the wars of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, who spread across the Jewish communities of Europe and Asia. A series of wars that hit the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth-the Khmelnytsky uprising of 1648; the Muscovite invasion that begin in 1654; and the Swedish incursion from 1655 to 1660-all together forced many Jews out of their homes. Though not the direct targets of the combatants, within a short time many were deeply involved in the conflicts, some becoming victims of violence and some becoming arms-bearing participants. But most became refugees and forced migrants. These refugees posed a huge social, economic and ethical challenge to the Jewish world. In an unprecedented manner, the Jewish centers around Europe answered this challenge and, both individually and jointly, organized relief for the Polish-Lithuanian Jews in all the different places they now found themselves. The need for concerted action on behalf of the Polish Jewish refugees strengthened ties between communities across Europe, and significantly increased the range of communal co-operation. The book moves through the three different environments the refugees found themselves in. The first part looks at the refugees who remained within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, probing the local and regional policies of relief that would eventually prove so successful in helping them overcome the traumas of their past. The second examines the Jews who were brought to the slave markets of Constantinople, and then redeemed there by newly developed philanthropic systems that had raised the money to do so. The third examines the fate of the Jews who fled to Central and Western Europe, examining tensions that developed within the local Jewish populations between the need to help the refugees and a basic antipathy born of cultural difference. In each case, a web of inter-communal connections was created to help support the refugees-bringing different parts of the Jewish world into an extraordinary level of purposeful contact, and paving the way for similar organization in the future. As a result, the seventeenth century communities set in motion processes of change that would eventually be refashioned into the globalized Jewish world we know today"--

The Autobiography of Solomon Maimon

Author : Solomon Maimon
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691203083
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis The Autobiography of Solomon Maimon by : Solomon Maimon

Download or read book The Autobiography of Solomon Maimon written by Solomon Maimon and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-03 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first complete and annotated English translation of Maimon's influential and delightfully entertaining memoir. Solomon Maimon's autobiography has delighted readers for more than two hundred years, from Goethe, Schiller, and George Eliot to Walter Benjamin and Hannah Arendt. The American poet and critic Adam Kirsch has named it one of the most crucial Jewish books of modern times. Here is the first complete and annotated English edition of this enduring and lively work. Born into a down-on-its-luck provincial Jewish family in 1753, Maimon quickly distinguished himself as a prodigy in learning. Even as a young child, he chafed at the constraints of his Talmudic education and rabbinical training. He recounts how he sought stimulation in the Hasidic community and among students of the Kabbalah--and offers rare and often wickedly funny accounts of both. After a series of picaresque misadventures, Maimon reached Berlin, where he became part of the city's famed Jewish Enlightenment and achieved the philosophical education he so desperately wanted, winning acclaim for being the "sharpest" of Kant's critics, as Kant himself described him. This new edition restores text cut from the abridged 1888 translation by J. Clark Murray, which has long been the only available English edition. Paul Reitter's translation is brilliantly sensitive to the subtleties of Maimon's prose while providing a fluid rendering that contemporary readers will enjoy, and is accompanied by an introduction and notes by Yitzhak Melamed and Abraham Socher that give invaluable insights into Maimon and his extraordinary life. The book also features an afterword by Gideon Freudenthal that provides an authoritative overview of Maimon's contribution to modern philosophy.

Demography of a Shtetl. The Case of Piotrków Trybunalski

Author : Tomasz M. Jankowski
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004518576
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Demography of a Shtetl. The Case of Piotrków Trybunalski by : Tomasz M. Jankowski

Download or read book Demography of a Shtetl. The Case of Piotrków Trybunalski written by Tomasz M. Jankowski and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-08-29 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quantitative study of the pre-war population of Piotrków Trybunalski in Central Poland reveals key demographic similarities and differences between local Jews and non-Jews and places them in a European perspective.

From Citizens to Subjects

Author : Curtis G. Murphy
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822986043
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis From Citizens to Subjects by : Curtis G. Murphy

Download or read book From Citizens to Subjects written by Curtis G. Murphy and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2018-08-31 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Citizens to Subjects challenges the common assertion in historiography that Enlightenment-era centralization and rationalization brought progress and prosperity to all European states, arguing instead that centralization failed to improve the socioeconomic position of urban residents in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth over a hundred-year period. Murphy examines the government of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the several imperial administrations that replaced it after the Partitions, comparing and contrasting their relationships with local citizenry, minority communities, and nobles who enjoyed considerable autonomy in their management of the cities of present-day Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus. He shows how the failure of Enlightenment-era reform was a direct result of the inherent defects in the reformers' visions, rather than from sabotage by shortsighted local residents. Reform in Poland-Lithuania effectively destroyed the existing system of complexities and imprecisions that had allowed certain towns to flourish, while also fostering a culture of self-government and civic republicanism among city citizens of all ranks and religions. By the mid-nineteenth century, the increasingly immobile post-Enlightenment state had transformed activist citizens into largely powerless subjects without conferring the promised material and economic benefits of centralization.