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Monetary Policy And Macroeconomic Stability In Gcc Countries
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Book Synopsis Monetary Policy and Macroeconomic Stability in GCC Countries by : Rana Sami El Helou
Download or read book Monetary Policy and Macroeconomic Stability in GCC Countries written by Rana Sami El Helou and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first and introductory chapter will describe the Gulf Cooperation Council (G CC) and the objectives of the research. The second chapter of this research will be an overview of monetary policies in the six countries that are members of GC C. It will describe the institutions that conduct the policies; and the instrume nts, targets, goals of each country's policy. It will also present a comparison of those policies. The third chapter will tackle exchange rate regimes in relati on with monetary policy. It will focus on each policy's target with respect to exchange rate and whether this target is achieved or not. Then it will analyze w hether each country's exchange rate regime is the optimal one or whether further coordination between members of the council will lead to an even better exchang e rate system for the countries concerned. The fourth and concluding chapter wil l study the implications of monetary policy and exchange rate on the sustainabil ity of fiscal policies, financial growth, balance of payment, and macroeconomic stability. Finally, the fifth and concluding chapter will review the main findin gs of this research. These conclusions state that there is a strong degree of mo netary integration to support the currency union that is expected to take place in 2010. However GCC countries need to work on fiscal convergence. Also, there i s a strong need for the diversification of certain GCC economies from oil produc tion since their reserves are being depleted.
Book Synopsis The Macroeconomics of the Arab States of the Gulf by : Raphael Espinoza
Download or read book The Macroeconomics of the Arab States of the Gulf written by Raphael Espinoza and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economies of the Arab states of the Gulf have gone through considerable changes in the last decade, spurred by high oil prices and ambitious diversification plans. Large-scale immigration provided the labour force while capital inflows and financial development leveraged oil wealth to finance diversification. The collapse in real estate prices around the world followed by the global crisis slowed growth and raised questions on the appropriateness of what has been dubbed the 'GCC model'. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have thus far managed to leverage their large natural resource wealth to achieve economic prosperity and finance social advances, and the region also emerged as an important source of funds for the other countries in the Middle East. Nevertheless, the GCC face several challenges. Productivity growth must increase to fully reap the benefits of investment. Jobs must be created for the nationals and the growing youth population. State intervention (which is prevalent, given that oil revenues accrue to the government) must become efficient and be used to diversify and modernize the economy. In addition, the recent crisis highlighted the importance of fiscal, monetary, and financial stability policies to manage macroeconomic cycles. This book analyses these issues and combines data and econometric analysis with theoretical discussions. It concludes with a discussion of the importance of the GCC for the wider region.
Book Synopsis Advances in Monetary Policy Design by : Ryadh M. Alkhareif
Download or read book Advances in Monetary Policy Design written by Ryadh M. Alkhareif and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2013-10-03 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the recent financial crisis, many countries have initiated monetary stimulus packages. Maintaining proper measures of monetary aggregates is of particular importance for such economic policies. However, many central banks worldwide use the simple-sum monetary indexes, which ignore the liquidity characteristics of financial assets. Using the simple-sum indexes can produce misleading information, especially for broad monetary aggregates within which financial assets are not likely to be perfect substitutes. This book focuses on alternative economic stability indicators, and outlines the methods for constructing proper monetary and financial indicators – known as Divisia indexes. The Divisia monetary indexes are designed to measure accurately the liquidity in the economy by assigning different weights to different financial assets according to their usefulness in transactions. This book is highly relevant to economists interested in monetary policy and the construction of core inflation indicators and proper monetary indexes, in accordance with aggregation and index number theory. This book is the first to publish Divisia-based money supply indexes and core inflation indicators for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and for the Gulf Monetary Union. Researchers who use the financial data published by GCC central banks can use our indexes and findings to examine the interactions among the relevant macro-economic variables.
Book Synopsis Institutions and Macroeconomic Policies in Resource-Rich Arab Economies by : Kamiar Mohaddes
Download or read book Institutions and Macroeconomic Policies in Resource-Rich Arab Economies written by Kamiar Mohaddes and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-22 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For over eighty years the Arab region has been deriving massive wealth from its natural resources. Nevertheless, its economic performance has been at the mercy of ebbs and flows of oil prices and its resources have been slowly depleting. The two critical questions are why and how Arab countries might escape the oil curse. Institutions and Macroeconomic Policies in Resource-Rich Arab Economies focuses on the unique features of the Arab world to explain the disappointing outcomes of macroeconomic policy. It explores the interaction between oil and institutions to draw policy recommendations on how Arab countries can best exploit their oil revenues to avoid the resource curse. Case studies and contributions from experts provide an understanding of macroeconomic institutions (including their underlying rules, procedures and institutional arrangements) in oil-rich Arab economies and of their political economy environment, which has largely been overlooked in previous research. Institutions and Macroeconomic Policies in Resource-Rich Arab Economies offers novel macroeconomic policy propositions for exchange rate regimes, fiscal policy and oil wealth distribution that is more consistent with macroeconomic stability and fiscal sustainability. These policy reforms, if implemented successfully, could go a long way in helping the resource-rich countries of the Arab region and elsewhere to avoid the oil curse.
Book Synopsis Macroprudential Policy in the GCC Countries by : Ms.Zsofia Arvai
Download or read book Macroprudential Policy in the GCC Countries written by Ms.Zsofia Arvai and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-02-01 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As undiversified commodity exporters, GCC economies are prone to pro-cyclical systemic risk in the financial system. During periods of high hydrocarbon prices, favorable economic prospects make the financial sector keen to lend, leading to higher domestic credit growth and easier access to external financing. Fiscal policy is a very important tool for macroeconomic management, but due to the significant time lags and expenditure rigidities, it has not been a flexible enough tool to prevent credit booms and the build-up of systemic risk in the GCC. This, together with limited monetary policy independence because of the pegged exchange rate, means that macro-prudential policy has a particularly important role in limiting systemic risk in the financial system. This importance is reinforced by the underdeveloped financial markets in the region that provide limited risk management tools and shortcomings in crisis resolution frameworks. This paper will discuss the importance of macro-prudential policy in the GCC countries, look at the experience with macro-prudential policies in the boom/bust cycle in the second half of the 2000s, and use the broad frameworks being developed in the Fund and elsewhere to discuss ways existing frameworks and policy toolkits in the region can be strengthened given the characteristics of the GCC economies.
Book Synopsis Monetary Policy Transmission in the GCC Countries by : Mr.Raphael A. Espinoza
Download or read book Monetary Policy Transmission in the GCC Countries written by Mr.Raphael A. Espinoza and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-05-01 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The GCC countries maintain a policy of open capital accounts and a pegged (or nearly-pegged) exchange rate, thereby reducing their freedom to run an independent monetary policy. This paper shows, however, that the pass-through of policy rates to retail rates is on the low side, reflecting the shallowness of money markets and the manner in which GCC central banks operate. In addition to policy rates, the GCC monetary authorities use reserve requirements, loan-to-deposit ratios, and other macroprudential tools to affect liquidity and credit. Nonetheless, a panel vector auto regression model suggests that U.S. monetary policy has a strong and statistically significant impact on broad money, non-oil activity, and inflation in the GCC region. Unanticipated shocks to broad money also affect prices but do not stimulate growth. Continued efforts to develop the domestic financial markets will increase interest rate pass-through and strengthen monetary policy transmission.
Book Synopsis Money in the Middle East and North Africa by : David Cobham
Download or read book Money in the Middle East and North Africa written by David Cobham and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-12-07 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monetary policy in the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries remains an understudied area; this book fills an important gap by examining monetary policy frameworks and monetary policy strategies in the region. Building on the editors’ earlier book, Monetary Policy and Central Banking in the Middle East and North Africa, which focused on central bank independence issues and on exchange rate regimes, this book emphasises monetary policy strategies. Part I contains an overview of the financial markets and institutions which condition the choice of monetary policy strategy in the countries of the region, followed by single-country studies on aspects of the monetary policy frameworks of Lebanon, Egypt, Jordan, the Palestinian Territory and Turkey. Part II includes analyses of the prospects for inflation targeting in Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia, of the monetary transmission mechanism in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, of the relative advantages of inflation targeting and exchange rate fixity with reference to Egypt, of the problem of fiscal dominance in Egypt, and of the inflationary implications of exchange rate fixity for Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. The contributors are experts from universities inside and outside the MENA region, from central banks in the region and from outside institutions such as the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
Book Synopsis GCC Monetary Union and the Degree of Macroeconomic Policy Coordination by : Bassem Kamar
Download or read book GCC Monetary Union and the Degree of Macroeconomic Policy Coordination written by Bassem Kamar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2007-10 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coordinating macroeconomic policies is a pre-requisite to a successful launch of the common currency in the GCC countries. Relying on the Behavioral Equilibrium Exchange Rate approach as a theoretical framework, we apply the Pooled Mean Group methodology to determine the similarity of the impact of a selected set of macroeconomic indicators on the real exchange rate in each country. Our empirical evidence points to a clear coordination of monetary policy, fiscal policy, government consumption, and openness across the member countries. While RER misalignments also show a substantial convergence building over time, differences in the misalignments of the two polar cases remain rather substantial, calling for further coordination and policy harmonization.
Book Synopsis On a Common Currency for the GCC Countries by : Mr.Esteban Jadresic
Download or read book On a Common Currency for the GCC Countries written by Mr.Esteban Jadresic and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-12-01 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses the eventual replacement of the currencies of the GCC countries with a common currency. It concludes that a properly implemented currency union may contribute to enhance economic efficiency in the region, deepen regional integration, and develop its non-oil economy. However, it cautions that a currency union should be seen as only one component of a much broader integration effort. This should include the removal of the distortions that inhibit intraregional trade and investment, agreements on policy frameworks to ensure macroeconomic stability, and further political integration. The paper also addresses the choice of exchange rate arrangement for the unified currency.
Book Synopsis Monetary Union Among Member Countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council by : Mr.Ugo Fasano-Filho
Download or read book Monetary Union Among Member Countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council written by Mr.Ugo Fasano-Filho and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-08-29 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The six member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)--Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates--have made important progress toward economic and financial integration, with the aim of establishing an economic and monetary union. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the economic performance and policies of the GCC countries during 1990-2002. Drawing on the lessons from the experience of selected currency and monetary unions in Africa, Europe, and the Caribbean, it assesses the potential costs and benefits of a common currency for GCC countries and also reviews the options for implementing a monetary union among these countries.
Book Synopsis Economic Prospects and Policy Challenges for the GCC Countries - 2021 by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Economic Prospects and Policy Challenges for the GCC Countries - 2021 written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-12-15 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GCC policymakers moved quickly to mitigate the health and economic impacts of twin COVID-19 and oil price shocks. Infection rates have declined across the GCC to well below previous peaks, though countries have experienced successive waves of the virus, and economic recoveries have begun to take hold. Nevertheless, GCC policymakers must navigate a challenging and uncertain landscape. The pandemic continues to cloud the global outlook as countries are in different phases of recovery, with varied growth prospects and policy space
Book Synopsis Fiscal Policy and Growth in the Middle East and North Africa Region by : Ms.Sena Eken
Download or read book Fiscal Policy and Growth in the Middle East and North Africa Region written by Ms.Sena Eken and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1997-08-01 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Establishing a policy framework to sustain high rates of growth is a major challenge facing the economies of the Middle East and North Africa. Given the strikingly dominant role of governments in these economies, this paper focuses on the contribution of fiscal consolidation and reform toward addressing this challenge. On the basis of an examination of fiscal structures, reform and adjustment efforts, and their growth implications during 1980-95, it concludes that the ongoing process of fiscal reform—aimed at reducing budget deficits, improving the budgetary structure, and enhancing the effectiveness of government interventions—is key to ensuring macroeconomic stability and fostering growth.
Book Synopsis Gulf Cooperation Council by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Gulf Cooperation Council written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-12-14 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective liquidity management is important to promote macro-financial stability in the GCC countries. Fixed exchange rate regimes provide credible nominal anchors in the GCC countries, but combined with open capital accounts, they also entail limited monetary policy independence. At the same time, high dependence on hydrocarbon revenue has made the region vulnerable to oil price-driven liquidity swings. And the latter can affect monetary policy implementation, including by exacerbating credit and asset price cycles. This highlights the importance of frameworks aimed at forecasting liquidity and ensuring appropriate liquidity levels through the timely absorption or injection of liquidity by central banks. Over the past decade, liquidity management in the GCC countries has been based mainly on passive instruments. Abundant liquidity during times of high oil prices have placed liquidity absorption at the center of the central bank operations. Reserve requirements have helped absorb liquidity but have not been used very actively. Standing facilities, another key instrument, are more passive in nature, with the amount of liquidity absorbed or injected driven by banks rather than monetary authorities. Central banks bills or other instruments have also been used, but issuance has not systematically been based on market principles. In addition, these operations have been constrained by limited liquidity forecasting capability and the shallow nature of interbank and domestic debt markets.
Book Synopsis The Saudi Arabian Economy by : Mohamed A Ramady
Download or read book The Saudi Arabian Economy written by Mohamed A Ramady and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-05 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this unique text, Mohamed Ramady develops a framework for studying fundamental challenges to the modern Saudi Arabian economy. Public and private sector topics include: - The hydrocarbon and minerals sector, including a new model of mining privatization and cooperation - The impact of small and medium sized businesses - The evolving role of "family" businesses - The growing role of women in the Saudi economy - Shifting trade patterns - The Saudi "offset" technology transfer program The author offers an analysis of key challenges facing the Saudi economy, including the potential costs and benefits of privatization, globalization, and eventual membership in the WTO. Employment, education, economic and social stability, and Saudi Arabia’s place in the Gulf Cooperation Council are offered as keys to the consensus building needed to ensure the Kingdom’s healthy economic future. Mohamed Ramady teaches in the Department of Finance and Economics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals.
Book Synopsis How Do Changing U.S. Interest Rates Affect Banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries? by : Mr.Olumuyiwa S Adedeji
Download or read book How Do Changing U.S. Interest Rates Affect Banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries? written by Mr.Olumuyiwa S Adedeji and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-12-06 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given their pegged exchange rate regimes, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries usually adjust their policy rates to match shifting U.S. monetary policy. This raises the important question of how changes in U.S. monetary policy affect banks in the GCC. We use bank-level panel data, exploiting variation across banks within countries, to isolate the impact of changing U.S. interest rates on GCC banks funding costs, asset rates, and profitability. We find stronger pass-through from U.S. monetary policy to liability rates than to asset rates and bank profitability, largely reflecting funding structures. In addition, we explore the role of shifts in the quantity of bank liabilities as policy rates change and the role of large banks with relatively stable funding costs to explain these findings.
Book Synopsis Challenges of Growth and Globalization in the Middle East and North Africa by : Mr.Hamid R Davoodi
Download or read book Challenges of Growth and Globalization in the Middle East and North Africa written by Mr.Hamid R Davoodi and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-09-05 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is an economically diverse region. Despite undertaking economic reforms in many countries, and having considerable success in avoiding crises and achieving macroeconomic stability, the region’s economic performance in the past 30 years has been below potential. This paper takes stock of the region’s relatively weak performance, explores the reasons for this out come, and proposes an agenda for urgent reforms.
Book Synopsis Economic Diversification in the GCC by : Mr.Tim Callen
Download or read book Economic Diversification in the GCC written by Mr.Tim Callen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-12-23 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The economies of the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are heavily reliant on oil. Greater economic diversification would reduce their exposure to volatility and uncertainty in the global oil market, help create jobs in the private sector, increase productivity and sustainable growth, and help create the non-oil economy that will be needed in the future when oil revenues start to dwindle. The GCC countries have followed many of the standard policies that are usually thought to promote more diversified economies, including reforms to improve the business climate, the development of domestic infrastructure, financial deepening, and improvements in education. Nevertheless, success to date has been limited. This paper argues that increased diversification will require realigning incentives for firms and workers in the economies—fixing these incentives is the “missing link” in the GCC countries’ diversification strategies. At present, producing non-tradables is less risky and more profitable for firms as they can benefit from the easy availability of low-wage foreign labor and the rapid growth in government spending, while the continued availability of high-paying and secure public sector jobs discourages nationals from pursuing entrepreneurship and private sector employment. Measures to begin to address these incentive issues could include limiting and reorienting government spending, strengthening private sector competition, providing guarantees and financial support for those firms engaged in export activity, and implementing labor market reforms to make nationals more competitive for private sector employment.
