Molecular Mobility Of Unfilled And Carbon Black Filled Isoprene Rubber Studied By Proton Nmr Transverse Relaxation And Diffusion

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Molecular Mobility of Unfilled and Carbon Black Filled Isoprene Rubber Studied by Proton NMR Transverse Relaxation and Diffusion

Author : Tirtha Raj Joshi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 63 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Mobility of Unfilled and Carbon Black Filled Isoprene Rubber Studied by Proton NMR Transverse Relaxation and Diffusion by : Tirtha Raj Joshi

Download or read book Molecular Mobility of Unfilled and Carbon Black Filled Isoprene Rubber Studied by Proton NMR Transverse Relaxation and Diffusion written by Tirtha Raj Joshi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an attempt to understand the effect of intense ultrasound on the devulcanization of unfilled and filled isoprene rubber (IR), melts and networks, non spectroscopic solid state NMR proton transverse relaxation (T2) and pulsed gradient diffusion measurements were performed. At 70.5°C, the T2 relaxation decay of the unfilled and 35phr carbon black filled was successfully described by two-component four-parameter model. The long component mainly arose from the unentangled sol, dangling ends and oligomers, and the short component was due to the entangled sol and crosslinked network. Sonication increased intermolecular mobilities, while curing reversed this effect. The long and short T2 components in CB filled IR without processing oil increased with increasing sol generated, while no such increase was observed in the IR extended with oil. Thus, processing oil significantly altered the dependence of both T2 components on the sol fraction. The high melt molecular weight (M) without a low M tail precluded diffusion measurements. The IR melts were then degraded ultrasonically with and without subsequent vulcanization. It lowered and broadened the molecular weight distribution. This made it possible to conduct pulsed gradient diffusion experiments; the diffusion spectrum is bimodal. Here the T2 decays are consistent with a three- component model with six parameters. The additional component here is the intermediate T2 component. The results obtained were quantitatively related to earlier work in natural rubber

The Devulcanization of Unfilled and Carbon Black Filled Isoprene Rubber Vulcanizates by High Power Ultrasound

Author : Ximei Sun
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (217 download)

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Book Synopsis The Devulcanization of Unfilled and Carbon Black Filled Isoprene Rubber Vulcanizates by High Power Ultrasound by : Ximei Sun

Download or read book The Devulcanization of Unfilled and Carbon Black Filled Isoprene Rubber Vulcanizates by High Power Ultrasound written by Ximei Sun and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The effects of ultrasound on virgin gum isoprene rubber (IR) and on the devulcanization of unfilled and carbon black (CB) filled IR were studied. Ultrasonic treatment altered the structure and properties of gum IR by creating low molecular weight tails which broadened the molecular weight distribution and improved processability. Ultrasonic devulcanization of IR vulcanizates resulted in a reduction of gel fraction and crosslink density. Increasing the ultrasonic amplitude yielded a further reduction, regardless of CB loading, in the IR vulcanizates. This is contrary to the previous work on natural rubber (NR), the natural counterpart of IR which showed a minimum gel fraction and crosslink density at an intermediate ultrasonic amplitude. The devulcanization of filled IR resulted in more main chain scission than in unfilled IR due to the immobility of bound rubber at the filler surface which leads to lower properties in revulcanized rubbers than in virgin rubber. Upon blending the devulcanized IR with virgin IR, properties comparable to those of virgin rubber were obtained at certain blending ratios. A cure kinetics model with reversion adequately predicted the evolution of state of cure in curing and reversion stages under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The higher reversion observed in filled IR than in unfilled IR was consistant with the difference of reversion rate constant obtained in simulation. NMR proton transverse relaxation technique was unable to differentiate the contribution of short component mobility between physically entangled (heavy sol) and chemically crosslinked (gel) networks. Ultrasound severed both the chemical crosslinks and the main chain, creating dangling chain ends, with no generation of additional fragments of oligomeric species. Simulation of network structures using the Dobson-Gordon theory of network statistics indicated crosslinks were easier to break than main chains under ultrasonic exposure. Unfilled IR and NR had similar rate constant ratios of main chain scission and crosslink rupture. An increase of CB loading increased this ratio for both IR and NR with higher ratio in IR. The addition of processing oil in the filled IR compounds reduced this ratio."--Abstract.

NMR Studies of Carbon Black Filled, Accelerated Sulfur-vulcanization of Natural Rubber and Cis-polyisoprene

Author : Makio Mori
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 562 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis NMR Studies of Carbon Black Filled, Accelerated Sulfur-vulcanization of Natural Rubber and Cis-polyisoprene by : Makio Mori

Download or read book NMR Studies of Carbon Black Filled, Accelerated Sulfur-vulcanization of Natural Rubber and Cis-polyisoprene written by Makio Mori and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Field-cycling NMR Relaxometry

Author : Rainer Kimmich
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1788015509
Total Pages : 590 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Field-cycling NMR Relaxometry by : Rainer Kimmich

Download or read book Field-cycling NMR Relaxometry written by Rainer Kimmich and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field-cycling NMR relaxometry is evolving into a methodology of widespread interest with recent technological developments resulting in powerful and versatile commercial instruments. Polymers, liquid crystals, biomaterials, porous media, tissue, cement and many other materials of practical importance can be studied using this technique. This book summarises the expertise of leading scientists in the area and the editor is well placed, after four decades of working in this field, to ensure a broad ranging and high quality title. Starting with an overview of the basic principles of the technique and the scope of its use, the content then develops to look at theory, instrumentation, practical limitations and applications in different systems. Newcomers to the field will find this book invaluable for successful use of the technique. Researchers already in academic and industrial settings, interested in molecular dynamics and magnetic resonance, will discover an important addition to the literature.

Rubber Nanocomposites

Author : Sabu Thomas
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470823461
Total Pages : 729 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Rubber Nanocomposites by : Sabu Thomas

Download or read book Rubber Nanocomposites written by Sabu Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-04-09 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rubber Nanocomposites: Preparation, Properties and Applications focuses on the preparation, characterization and properties of natural and synthetic rubber nanocomposites. The book carefully debates the preparation of unmodified and modified nanofillers, various manufacturing techniques of rubber nanocomposites, structure, morphology and properties of nanocomposites. The text reviews the processing; characterization and properties of 0-, 1D and 2D nanofiller reinforced rubber nanocomposites. It examines the polymer/filler interaction, i.e., the compatibility between matrix and filler using unmodified and modified nanofillers. The book also examines the applications of rubber nanocomposites in various engineering fields, which include tyre engineering. The book also examines the current state of the art, challenges and applications in the field of rubber nanocomposites. The handpicked selection of topics and expert contributions make this survey of rubber nanocomposites an outstanding resource for anyone involved in the field of polymer materials design. A handy "one stop" reference resource for important research accomplishments in the area of rubber nanocomposites. Covers the various aspects of preparation, characterization, morphology, properties and applications of rubber nanocomposites. Summarizes many of the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of nanocomposites, in a comprehensive manner It covers an up to date record on the major findings and observations in the field

Spectroscopy of Rubbers and Rubbery Materials

Author : Victor M. Litvinov
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859572801
Total Pages : 666 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Spectroscopy of Rubbers and Rubbery Materials by : Victor M. Litvinov

Download or read book Spectroscopy of Rubbers and Rubbery Materials written by Victor M. Litvinov and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the application of spectroscopic techniques for characterisation of chemical and physical structures in viscoelastic materials, such as unvulcanised elastomers and their vulcanisates, various rubbery materials and some plastics, which when blended with particular additives (plasticisers) behave like rubbers. Analysis of the rubbery materials is complicated by the fact that rubbery products, such as tyres, tubes, seals, V-belts and hoses, contain in the rubbery matrix a significant amount of various compounds, i.e., fillers, vulcanising agents, antioxidants and plasticisers. Due to the complex composition, no single technique can provide a good understanding of the effect of chemical and physical structures on the functional properties of rubbery materials. Thus spectroscopy has become a powerful tool for the determination of polymer structures. The most comprehensive information on chemical and physical structures in relation to material properties can be obtained by using a combination of macroscopic techniques and methods that provide information on the molecular level. frequently used for analysis of rubbery materials, i.e., various methods of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and optical spectroscopy. The main objective of this present book is to discuss a wide range of applications of the spectroscopic techniques for the analysis of rubbery materials. The book brings together the various spectroscopic techniques for obtaining the following information: chemical structure of rubbery materials, network structure analysis, heterogeneity of rubbery materials, physical properties of rubbery materials, functional properties and stability of rubbery materials, processing of rubbery materials and quality control. The contents of this book are of interest to chemists, physicists, material scientists and technologists who seek a better understanding of rubbery materials.

Effect of Carbon Black on Conductivity of Neoprene Rubber

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (921 download)

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Book Synopsis Effect of Carbon Black on Conductivity of Neoprene Rubber by :

Download or read book Effect of Carbon Black on Conductivity of Neoprene Rubber written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, effect of carbon black type and content to the electrical property and physical properties of Neoprene rubber as well as aging time at 125°C were studied. High conductivity, low viscosity and long aging time were achieved in the rubber compound containing carbon black with high structure (high DPE), low surface area (low BET) and low critical volume fraction, c even though small amount was added to the rubber compound. These properties of rubber compounds are advantageous for the molding and processing. The rubber compound with CCB0075CB shows the optimum value of conductivity. The change in conductivity of the rubber compound was obviously observed when carbon black content was in the range of 20 to 35 phr. Physical property after aging at 125°C of the rubber compounds filled with CCB0075 at 20 and 30 phr was studied. The density, hardness, tensile strength and conductivity of the rubber compound increased with aging time until day 30-35th and constancy afterward. The result is due to the lost of small volatile molecule from polymer matrix and the carbon black particles are more close to each other. The rubber compound filled with high carbon black loading could be degraded easier than that filled with low loading. The result in this study can be useful in the production of conductive rubber as well as the prediction of their degradation.

Tearing of Black-filled (N660) Synthetic Polyisoprene Rubber Vulcanizates at Various Temperatures

Author : Tianxiang Xue
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (913 download)

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Book Synopsis Tearing of Black-filled (N660) Synthetic Polyisoprene Rubber Vulcanizates at Various Temperatures by : Tianxiang Xue

Download or read book Tearing of Black-filled (N660) Synthetic Polyisoprene Rubber Vulcanizates at Various Temperatures written by Tianxiang Xue and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural rubber (NR) has outstanding tack and strength in the unvulcanized state and high tensile and tear strength when vulcanized. These features are attributed to its ability to crystallize rapidly on straining. Synthetic isoprene rubber (IR), synthesized employing a stereospecific catalyst, although close to natural rubber in chemical composition, has reported to be inferior in strength compared to NR. This occurs because IR crystallizes more slowly than NR. Edge-cut tensile specimens of gum natural rubber vulcanizates show an abrupt drop in strength at a critical cut size and normal (no cut) tensile specimens show a sharp decrease in strength at a critical temperature. These two effects are due to bulk strain crystallization at small cut sizes or low temperatures, but the lack thereof at large cut depth or high temperature. The addition of carbon black affects tearing; this depends on the type and concentration of black. Tearing behavior of IR with various amount of N660 carbon black at various temperatures was investigated, and the results are compared to those obtained with natural rubber. The addition of low concentrations of carbon black decrease cut resistance. When temperature or carbon black content increase, anisotropy in strength increases, while critical cut size and exclusion zone decrease. There is a critical level of black needed for reinforcement of IR; this level is higher than that needed for natural rubber. When containing the same amount of black, NR compounds have at least the tear strength of the corresponding IR compounds, and in some cases the NR compounds are much stronger.

Reverse Engineering of Rubber Products

Author : Saikat Das Gupta
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0849373166
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (493 download)

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Book Synopsis Reverse Engineering of Rubber Products by : Saikat Das Gupta

Download or read book Reverse Engineering of Rubber Products written by Saikat Das Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-09-19 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reverse engineering is widely practiced in the rubber industry. Companies routinely analyze competitors’ products to gather information about specifications or compositions. In a competitive market, introducing new products with better features and at a faster pace is critical for any manufacturer. Reverse Engineering of Rubber Products: Concepts, Tools, and Techniques explains the principles and science behind rubber formulation development by reverse engineering methods. The book describes the tools and analytical techniques used to discover which materials and processes were used to produce a particular vulcanized rubber compound from a combination of raw rubber, chemicals, and pigments. A Compendium of Chemical, Analytical, and Physical Test Methods Organized into five chapters, the book first reviews the construction of compounding ingredients and formulations, from elastomers, fillers, and protective agents to vulcanizing chemicals and processing aids. It then discusses chemical and analytical methods, including infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, chromatography, and microscopy. It also examines physical test methods for visco-elastic behavior, heat aging, hardness, and other features. A chapter presents important reverse engineering concepts. In addition, the book includes a wide variety of case studies of formula reconstruction, covering large products such as tires and belts as well as smaller products like seals and hoses. Get Practical Insights on Reverse Engineering from the Book’s Case Studies Combining scientific principles and practical advice, this book brings together helpful insights on reverse engineering in the rubber industry. It is an invaluable reference for scientists, engineers, and researchers who want to produce comparative benchmark information, discover formulations used throughout the industry, improve product performance, and shorten the product development cycle.

Science and Technology of Rubber

Author : James E. Mark
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080456014
Total Pages : 762 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Technology of Rubber by : James E. Mark

Download or read book Science and Technology of Rubber written by James E. Mark and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science and Technology of Rubber, Third Edition provides a broad survey of elastomers with special emphasis on materials with a rubber-like elasticity. As in the 2nd edition, the emphasis remains on a unified treatment of the material; exploring topics from the chemical aspects such as elastomer synthesis and curing, through recent theoretical developments and characterization of equilibrium and dynamic properties, to the final applications of rubber, including tire engineering and manufacturing. Many advances have been made in polymer and elastomers research over the past ten years since the 2nd edition was published. Updated material stresses the continuous relationship between the ongoing research in synthesis, physics, structure and mechanics of rubber technology and industrial applications. Special attention is paid to recent advances in rubber-like elasticity theory and new processing techniques for elastomers. This new edition is comprised of 20% new material, including a new chapter on environmental issues and tire recycling.

Polymer Permeability

Author : J. Comyn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400948581
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Permeability by : J. Comyn

Download or read book Polymer Permeability written by J. Comyn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers are permeable, whilst ceramics, glasses and metals are gener ally impermeable. This may seem a disadvantage in that polymeric containers may allow loss or contamination of their contents and aggressive substances such as water will diffuse into polymeric struc tures such as adhesive joints or fibre-reinforced composites and cause weakening. However, in some cases permeability is an advantage, and one particular area where this is so is in the use of polymers in drug delivery systems. Also, without permeable polymers, we would not enjoy the wide range of dyed fabrics used in clothing and furnishing. The fundamental reason for the permeability of polymers is their relatively high level of molecular motion, a factor which also leads to their high levels of creep in comparison with ceramics, glasses and metals. The aim of this volume is to examine some timely applied aspects of polymer permeability. In the first chapter basic issues in the mathema tics of diffusion are introduced, and this is followed by two chapters where the fundamental aspects of diffusion in polymers are presented. The following chapters, then, each examine some area of applied science where permeability is a key issue. Each chapter is reasonably self-contained and intended to be informative without frequent outside reference. This inevitably leads to some repetition, but it is hoped that this is not excessive.

Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy

Author : William Henry Hunter Woodward
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780841298484
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (984 download)

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Book Synopsis Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy by : William Henry Hunter Woodward

Download or read book Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy written by William Henry Hunter Woodward and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is about Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy as a Modern Analytical Technique"--

NMR · 3D Analysis · Photopolymerization

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540205104
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis NMR · 3D Analysis · Photopolymerization by :

Download or read book NMR · 3D Analysis · Photopolymerization written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-08-19 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics and materials science. It is addressed to all scientists at universities and in industry who wish to keep abreast of advances in the topics covered. Impact Factor Ranking: Always number one in Polymer Science. More information as well as the electronic version of the whole content available at: www.springerlink.com

Polymer Characterisation

Author : B.J. Hunt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401121605
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Characterisation by : B.J. Hunt

Download or read book Polymer Characterisation written by B.J. Hunt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers continue to play an ever increasing role in the modern world. In fact it is quite inconceivable to most people that we could ever have existed of the increased volume and variety of materials without them. As a result currently available, and the diversity of their application, characterisation has become an essential requirement of industrial and academic laboratories in volved with polymeric materials. On the one hand requirements may come from polymer specialists involved in the design and synthesis of new materials who require a detailed understanding of the relationship between the precise molecular architecture and the properties of the polymer in order to improve its capabilities and range of applications. On the other hand, many analysts who are not polymer specialists are faced with the problems of analysing and testing a wide range of polymeric materials for quality control or material specification purposes. We hope this book will be a useful reference for all scientists and techno or industrial laboratories, logists involved with polymers, whether in academic and irrespective of their scientific discipline. We have attempted to include in one volume all of the most important techniques. Obviously it is not possible to do this in any great depth but we have encouraged the use of specific examples to illustrate the range of possibilities. In addition numerous references are given to more detailed texts on specific subjects, to direct the reader where appropriate. The book is divided into II chapters.

Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites

Author : Khouloud Jlassi
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323461611
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (234 download)

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Book Synopsis Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites by : Khouloud Jlassi

Download or read book Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites written by Khouloud Jlassi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites is a complete summary of the existing knowledge on this topic, from the basic concepts of synthesis and design to their applications in timely topics such as high-performance composites, environment, and energy issues. This book covers many aspects of synthesis such as in- situ polymerization within the interlamellar spacing of the clays or by reaction of pristine or pre-modified clays with reactive polymers and prepolymers. Indeed, nanocomposites can be prepared at industrial scale by melt mixing. Regardless the synthesis method, much is said in this book about the importance of theclay pre-modification step, which is demonstrated to be effective, on many occasions, in obtaining exfoliated nanocomposites. Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites reports the background to numerous characterization methods including solid state NMR, neutron scattering, diffraction and vibrational techniques as well as surface analytical methods, namely XPS, inverse gas chromatography and nitrogen adsorption to probe surface composition, wetting and textural/structural properties. Although not described in dedicated chapters, numerous X-ray diffraction patterns of clay–polymer nanocomposites and reference materials are displayed to account for the effects of intercalation and exfoliations of layered aluminosilicates. Finally, multiscale molecular simulation protocols are presenting for predicting morphologies and properties of nanostructured polymer systems with industrial relevance. As far as applications are concerned, Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites examines structural composites such as clay–epoxy and clay–biopolymers, the use of clay–polymer nanocomposites as reactive nanocomposite fillers, catalytic clay-(conductive) polymers and similar nanocomposites for the uptake of hazardous compounds or for controlled drug release, antibacterial applications, energy storage, and more. The most comprehensive coverage of the state of the art in clay–polymer nanocomposites, from synthesis and design to opportunities and applications Covers the various methods of characterization of clay–polymer nanocomposites - including spectroscopy, thermal analyses, and X-ray diffraction Includes a discussion of a range of application areas, including biomedicine, energy storage, biofouling resistance, and more

Advances in Elastomers I

Author : P. M. Visakh
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642209254
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Elastomers I by : P. M. Visakh

Download or read book Advances in Elastomers I written by P. M. Visakh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-29 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first volume of a two-volume work which summarizes in an edited format and in a fairly comprehensive manner many of the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of Elastomers. “Advances in Elastomers” discusses the various attempts reported on solving these problems from the point of view of the chemistry and the structure of elastomers, highlighting the drawbacks and advantages of each method. It summarize the importance of elastomers and their multiphase systems in human life and industry, and covers all the topics related to recent advances in elastomers, their blends, IPNs, composites and nanocomposites. This first volume focuses on advances on the blends and interpenetrating networks (IPNs) of elastomers.

Natural Rubber Materials

Author : Sabu Thomas
Publisher : Rsc Polymer Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 9781849736428
Total Pages : 1500 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (364 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Rubber Materials by : Sabu Thomas

Download or read book Natural Rubber Materials written by Sabu Thomas and published by Rsc Polymer Chemistry. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 1500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combination of its unique morphology, physical properties, cost effectiveness and environmental friendliness make natural rubber an appealing constituent for many materials and applications. Natural Rubber Materials covers the synthesis, characterization and applications of natural rubber based blends, interpenetrating polymer networks, composites and nanocomposites. With contributions from established international experts in the field, volume 1 covers different types of natural rubber-based blends and IPNs, whilst volume 2 focuses on natural rubber-based composites and nanocomposites. This is the first book to consolidate the current state of the art information on natural rubber based materials providing a "one stop" reference resource for professionals, researchers, industrial practitioners, graduate students, and senior undergraduates in the fields of polymer science and engineering, materials science, surface science, bioengineering and chemical engineering.