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Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion: Quarterly Progress Report, June 30, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Progress Report, [April--June 1993]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This phase of the project essentially consists of preparing organometallic reagents which are known or have been reported to act as homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts of aromatic hydrocarbons and studying their properties as homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts under various conditions with the ultimate objective of using these compounds to catalyze the conversion of coal liquids. With regards to this task, we have prepared two rhodium (I) catalysts. These are the dimer of dichloropentamethylcyclopentadienylrhodium, [RhCl2(C5Me5)], and the dimer of chloro(1,5-hexadiene) rhodium. The dimer of dichloropentamethylcyclopentadienylrhodium was prepared by stirring rhodium (III) chloride hydrate with hexamethyldewarbenzene at 65°C. It was reported to hydrogenate arenes and various substituted arenas such as aryl ethers, esters and ketones at 50° and 50 atm of dihydrogen. The dimer of chloro (1,5-hexadiene) rhodium was prepared by reacting rhodium (III) chloride hydrate with 1,5-hexadiene at 50°C for six days in water. Our second task is to investigate the chemistry of base-catalyzed hydrogenation of organic compounds with the ultimate objective of applying the chemistry behind this novel concept to the catalytic conversion of coal liquids. It is not generally known that bases such as the hydroxide ion are capable of activating dihydrogen to form ''solvated hydride'' or hydride-like species which can effect hydrogenation reactions under the appropriate conditions. Research during the first half of this century has amply demonstrated the feasibility of this concept. More recently, Klingler, Krause and Rathke studied the role of this kind of chemistry in the water-gas shift reaction. So far, only Walling and Bollyky have been the only investigators to have applied dihydrogen activation by bases to the hydrogenation of organic compounds.
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Total Pages : 782 pages
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Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Status Report, April 1995-June 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Total Pages : 688 pages
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Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 1052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
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Total Pages : 906 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 906 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Total Pages : 10 pages
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Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Progress Report, [January--March 1993]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Last quarter, substantial progress has been made in the two general tasks advanced in our research proposal. The first task consists of the development of molecular homogeneous catalysts that can be used in the hydrogenation of coal liquids and in coal conversion processes. The second task concerns the activation of dihydrogen by basic catalysts in homogeneous reaction systems. With regards to the first task, we have prepared two organometallic rhodium (1) catalysts. These are the dimer of dichloropentamethylcyclopentadienylrhodium, [RhCl2(C5Me5)], and the dimer of chloro(1,5-hexadiene)rhodium We have subsequently investigated the hydrogenation of various aromatic organic compounds using these organometallic reagents as catalysts. Results showed that both catalysts effected the hydrogenation of the aromatic portions of a wide range of organic compounds, including aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds containing the ether group, alkyl groups, amino and carbonyl groups. However, both compounds were totally ineffective in catalyzing the hydrogenation of sulfur-containing aromatic organic compounds. Nevertheless, both rhodium catalysts successfully catalyzed the hydrogenation of naphthalene even in the presence of the coal liquids. With regards to base-activated hydrogenation of organic compounds, we have found that hydroxide and alkoxide bases are capable of activating, dihydrogen, thereby leading to the hydrogenation of phenyl-substituted alkenes. More specifically, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, potassium tert-butoxide and potassium phenoxide were successfully used to activate dihydrogen and induce the hydrogenation of trans-stilbene. Potassium tert-butoxide was found to be slightly more effective than the other two bases in accomplishing this chemistry.
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Total Pages : 1216 pages
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Download or read book Government reports annual index written by and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 1216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Status Report, July 1995-September 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Advisory Committee on Technology and Society
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309037860
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Download or read book Cities and Their Vital Systems written by Advisory Committee on Technology and Society and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 1298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cities and Their Vital Systems asks basic questions about the longevity, utility, and nature of urban infrastructures; analyzes how they grow, interact, and change; and asks how, when, and at what cost they should be replaced. Among the topics discussed are problems arising from increasing air travel and airport congestion; the adequacy of water supplies and waste treatment; the impact of new technologies on construction; urban real estate values; and the field of "telematics," the combination of computers and telecommunications that makes money machines and national newspapers possible.
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Download or read book Acid Precipitation written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1044 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Status Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this Quarter, the research was focused continually on the two general tasks: Task 1, molecular organometallic catalysts for hydrogenation and Task 2, organic base catalysts for arene hydrogenation and the hydrotreating of the coal liquids. With regards to Task 1, the mechanism of the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds catalyzed by [1,5-HDRhCl]2/buffer system in the presence of small amount of surfactant under biphasic condition has been investigated. For the Task 2, potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide was applied for the hydrogenation of polycondensed aromatic hydrocarbons such as pyrene and anthracene. These polycondensed aromatic hydrocarbons can be hydrogenated in high yields to the corresponding monoaromatic hydrocarbons. Anthracene was hydrogenated to octahydroanthracene, a monoaromatic compound, in near 100% yield under 1000 psig of H2 and 250°C. A communications that described the very exciting use of H3O− for the hydrogenation of representative coal compounds was submitted to Energy and Fuels.
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Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Status Report, [July--September 1995]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research was focused continually on the general tasks: Task 1, molecular organometallic catalysts for hydrogenation and Task 2, organic base catalysts for arene hydrogenation and the hydrotreating of the coal liquids. With regard to Task 1, the [1,5-HDRhCl]2/buffer catalyst system has been investigated in detail to improve its performance. In the presence of CTAB, the stability of the catalyst was improved greatly. The relationship between the turnover number of the catalyst and the reaction time was obtained. Other aromatic compounds such as toluene, n-butylbenzene, tetralin, o-xylene all can be hydrogenated into the corresponding substituted cyclohexane derivatives in more than 94% yields when catalyzed by [1,5- HDRhCl]2 in the presence of small amount of surfactant molecules. The optimum catalyst system has been applied for the hydrogenation of tetralin in the presence of a coal liquid derived from the coal liquefaction. It was found that about 80-85% of tetralin in the mixture was hydrogenated to decalin under the conditions of these experiments. Task 2 was continually focused on the hydrogenation of coal liquids. Institution of dideuterium for dihydrogen in the hydrotreating of coal liquid at 250 °C and 1000 psig of dideuterium yielded a product that was characterized by 2H NMR. Two groups of deuteron located in the region of 6.5-8.0 ppm and 1.0-3.5 ppm, respectively, were observed. The former group was assigned to the deuterons on carbon atoms on aromatic rings and the latter to the deuterons linked to the aliphatic carbon atoms. In addition, naphthalene was hydrogenated completely to tetralin in the presence of the coal liquid under the same conditions, implying that the reduction of multiaromatic compounds was not adversely influenced by the existence of the coal liquid which contains potential catalysts poisons such as sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen.
