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Author : David G. Allen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781853170539
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (75 download)
Download or read book Modulation of Cardiac Calcium Sensitivity written by David G. Allen and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John A. Lee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Modulation of Cardiac Calcium Sensitivity written by John A. Lee and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calcium sensitizers are a new class of drug which increases the force of contraction of the heart by increasing the calcium sensitivity of contractile proteins. Their development represents the first major innovation in the treatment of heart failure for over 200 years. Unlike other drugs in this area, they do not increase the intracellular calcium concentration and do not have the side effects associated with that mechanism of action. These drugs offer an exciting alternative approach to the treatment of heart failure, and this volume provides an authoritative overview of the physiology, biochemistry, and clinical issues involved. It will be of interest to pharmacologists, research and clinical cardiologists, and physiologists.
![Download The Structural Mechanism of [beta]-adrenergic Modulation of Cardiac Troponin Switch Calcium Sensitivity PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/oOtoNwAACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
Author : Maxwell Bret Abbott
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (486 download)
Download or read book The Structural Mechanism of [beta]-adrenergic Modulation of Cardiac Troponin Switch Calcium Sensitivity written by Maxwell Bret Abbott and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : L. Donald Partridge
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849388071
Total Pages : 510 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (88 download)
Download or read book Calcium Channels written by L. Donald Partridge and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-07-03 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive compendium of information available on calcium channels Calcium channels are a common component of the membranes of a wide range of excitable cells, and their presence is crucial to the functioning of these cells. This book presents a current review of the biophysics, physiology, pharmacology, and clinical role of calcium channels. Chapters discussing the biophysics of calcium channels include topics in ion permeation, channel activation, channel inactivation, and second messenger modulation. The chapters on physiology cover excitation-contraction coupling, excitation-secretion coupling, sensory transduction, regulation of electrical activity, and the regulation of cell growth and development. Issues discussed in the pharmacology chapters of the book include the effects of permeant and inhibitory inorganic ions, blocking and activating effects of organic ions, and the regulatory effects of naturally occurring compounds. The chapters exploring the clinical aspects of calcium channels examine topics such as the modulation of calcium channels in the treatment of ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathies, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, peripheral vascular diseases, platelet-related disorders, neurological disorders, and psychiatric disorders. Physicians neuroscientists, and pharmacologists should consider this book essential to their reference collections.
Author : Carl Sims
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (6 download)
Download or read book Modulation of Cardiac L-type Calcium Channel Responses to Beta-adrenergic Receptor Stimulation by Tyrosine Kinase and Redox Sensitive Mechanisms written by Carl Sims and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Modulation of the Ca2+ Sensitvity of Cardiac Troponin C by PKC Phosphorylated Cardiac Troponin T and Ca2+ Sensitizers written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiac troponin (cTn) exerts temporal control over the cyclic processes of contraction and relaxation in the heart. It does this by binding with calcium which initiates an allosteric chain of protein structural transitions culminating in force generation. Regulation over the sensitivity with which cTn binds calcium is thus of great importance in maintaining proper cardiac output. Unsurprisingly many diseases of the heart are caused by, or associated with, chronic elevation or depression in cTn's calcium sensitivity. Therapies which seek to reverse these chronic alterations in calcium sensitivity may have tremendous value, however insufficient understanding of the mechanisms by which diseases, or the inotropes intended to combat them, actually alter cTn's calcium sensitivity have limited their success. The work contained in this dissertation seeks to contribute to the collective understanding of these mechanisms by looking at two basic types of sensitivity modulators. The first are post translational modifications, specifically protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylations of the tropomyosin binding subunit of cTn (cTnT) which have been shown to depress calcium sensitivity. The second, calcium sensitizers, are a class of inotrope specifically designed to increase the sensitivity of the calcium binding subunit of cTn (cTnC) for calcium. The spectroscopic technique of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was used to monitor regulatory switching, while fluorescence homodimerization induced self quenching was used to study opening of cTnC's hydrophobic cleft. Additionally a newly developed absorbance based technique was used to measure the dynamic equilibrium between open and closed conformations in the hydrophobic cleft of cTnC. Using these techniques the impact on the structureposition, function of cTn by these two types of modulators determined. Briefly the findings of this work are 1) Most calcium sensitizers work by binding to the hydrophobic cleft and shifting its dynamic equilibrium towards the open state but have varying effects on cTn's relaxation kinetics 2) Altering the dynamic equilibrium of cTnC's hydrophobic cleft will generally result in a change in cTnC's calcium sensitivity 3) Alterations inflexibility of the switch region relative to the hydrophobic cleft are sufficient to explain the calcium sensitivity effects of cTnT PKC pseudo-phosphorylation mutants.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (949 download)
Download or read book Modulation of the Cardiac Calcium Release Channel by Homocysteine Thiolactone written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elevated levels in blood serum (≥10[micromoles/litre]) of the amino acid homocysteine is strongly correlated with the incidence of heart failure (HF). We present evidence that the cyclic thioester, homocysteine thiolactone (HTL), a metabolic product of homocysteine, irreversibly modifies proteins that regulate the contractile process in cardiac muscle. Two proteins found in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), the Ca2+ pump (SERCA2), and the ryanodine receptor (RyR2), are responsible for controlling the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and hence the contractile state of the heart. While both improper Ca2+ handling and elevated homocysteine levels have been considered bio-markers in HF, a direct connection between the two has not previously been made. We show that HTL reacts with lysine residues on RyR2, generating a N[lowercase epsilon]-homocysteine-protein, which results in carbonyl formation and a change in the Ca2+ sensitivity of RyR2. This is a new molecular mechanism linking elevated levels of Homocysteine, improper Ca2+ handling and heart failure. This work was supported by NIH 1 R41 HL105063-01 to J. Abramson and R. Strongin.
Author : Kenneth Dean Varian
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (259 download)
Download or read book Cardiac Myofilament Calcium Sensitivity in Health and Disease written by Kenneth Dean Varian and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Heart failure is the leading cause of death in much of the western world. Progressive deterioration of cardiac contractility and/or relaxation, resulting in cardiac output below metabolic demands is the central theme in heart failure. Although treatments are improving, we still do not have a full understanding of the fundamental pathophysiology that impairs contractility and relaxation. The force frequency relationship (FFR) is ubiquitously altered in failing myocardium regardless of the etiology. The FFR, which is normally positive (greater contractile force at higher contraction frequency) in healthy myocardium, is blunted, flat, or negative in dysfunctional myocardium. While the FFR has been studied extensively, the role myofilament properties play in this effect is unknown. To address deficiencies in our understanding of cardiac contraction, we worked from the following hypothesis: Alterations in myofilament calcium sensitivity significantly contribute to blunted force frequency response, contractile dysfunction, and impairment of myocardial relaxation of failing myocardium. First, we set out to develop a method which would enable quantitative analysis of shifts in myofilament calcium sensitivity due to changes in frequency in isolated, yet intact muscles at physiologic temperature. We found that we could induce slowly forming contractures by superfusing the intact isolated rat trabeculae with a solution of high potassium and lower sodium. The contractures allowed for development of a myofilament calcium sensitivity curve sensitive to interventions known to shift myofilament calcium sensitivity (beta adrenergic simulation and pH). We then aimed at determining if myofilament calcium sensitivity shifted with changes in frequency. We found that myofilament calcium sensitivity did decrease with frequency in intact rabbit trabeculae. This effect correlated with an increase in the phosphorylation status at Troponin I and Myosin Light Chain-2, as well as relaxation acceleration. Using staurosporine (non-specific kinase inhibitor), we found inhibition of the myofilament calcium sensitivity shift between 1 and 4 Hz. To examine how inter-beat duration independent of posttranslational modifications occurs, we performed an analysis of twitch contractions in rabbit trabeculae stimulated randomly at 5 different cycle lengths; this was done in order to isolate the effect of cycle time on contractility and relaxation. We found that the primary cycle length correlated positively with force, while the secondary and tertiary cycle lengths correlated negatively with force. Finally, we set out to determine how frequency dependent modulations of force, relaxation, and myofilament calcium sensitivity differed in a model of right ventricular hypertrophy. We used pulmonary artery banded rabbits and examined twitch contractions, intracellular calcium, and myofilament calcium sensitivity (potassium contractures) at 1 through 4 Hz. We found that the shift in myofilament calcium sensitivity observed in control animals was nearly abolished in animals with right ventricular hypertrophy. This blunting of myofilament desensitization was accompanied by elevated diastolic force compared to controls, possibly reflecting some diastolic dysfunction in the hypertrophied tissue. In conclusion, myofilament calcium desensitization in response to elevated heart rate is a regulated, kinase specific effect that may be necessary to prevent insufficient diastolic filling at times of high heart rates.
Author : Donald Bers
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940100658X
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force written by Donald Bers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How is the heartbeat generated? What controls the strength of contraction of heart muscle? What are the links between cardiac structure and function? How does our understanding of skeletal and smooth muscle and non-muscle cells influence our thinking about force development in the heart? Are there important species differences in how contraction is regulated in the heart? How do the new molecular data fit together in understanding the heart beat? What goes wrong in ischemia, hypertrophy, and heart failure? This book paints a modern `portrait' of how the heart works and in this picture the author shows a close-up of the structural, biochemical, and physiological links between excitation and contraction. The author takes the reader through a series of important, interrelated topics with great clarity and continuity and also includes many useful illustrations and tables. The book starts by considering the cellular structures involved in excitation-contraction coupling and then described the characteristics of the myofilaments as the end effector of excitation-contraction coupling. A general scheme of calcium regulation is described and the possible sources and sinks of calcium are discussed in simple, but quantitative terms. The cardiac action potential and its many underlying currents are reviewed. Then the characteristics of some key calcium transport systems (calcium channels, sodium/calcium exchange and SR calcium uptake and release) are discussed in detail. This is then built into a more integrated picture of calcium regulation in succeeding chapters by detailed discussions of excitation-calcium coupling mechanisms (in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle), the interplay between calcium regulatory processes, and finally mechanisms of cardiac inotropy, calcium overload, and dysfunction (e.g., ischemia, hypertrophy, and heart failure). Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force – Second Edition is an invaluable source of information for anyone who is interested in how the heart beat is controlled and especially suited for students of the cardiovascular system at all levels from medical/graduate students through senior investigators in related fields.
Author : Ernesto Carafoli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402061919
Total Pages : 591 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Calcium Signalling and Disease written by Ernesto Carafoli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-29 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authors highlight several promising discoveries in the field of calcium signaling that provide new information about both genetic and acquired pathologies. Their discussions will give you new insights into the underlying causes of congenital and acquired diseases and point the way to new, even more promising research and therapies.
Author : Malcolm J Lewis
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000717526
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Endothelial Modulation of Cardiac Function written by Malcolm J Lewis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-29 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paracrine and autocrine regulation of cardiac function by "endothelial" mediators is becoming important both physiologically and pathophysiologically. This volume brings the researcher completely up to date with all aspects of endothelial regulation and cardiac function. Acknowledged experts in each field have contributed, making this work indispensable for researchers and of great interest to the clinical cardiologist. The Endothelial Cell Research Series publishes significant reviews by experts in the field. The individual volumes provide invaluable guides to researchers studying endothelial cells and are effective reference texts for anyone working in the general areas of vascular biology and neurotransmission. Endothelium was originally considered to be an inert lining for the blood vessels, but during the last fifteen years, this view has had to be completely revised. It is now accepted that the endothelium plays an important role in many diverse functions. This volume concentrates on the effect of the endothelium on cardiac function. It has been widely demonstrated that the endothelium exerts a paracrine influence on contraction of adjacent cardiac muscle through the release of several mediators, such as endothelin and nitric oxide. Recent studies also show that the effects of such mediators upon the heart are not limited to contraction alone.
Author : Antoni Martínez-Rubio
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030348938
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Antiarrhythmic Drugs written by Antoni Martínez-Rubio and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-03 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews current and potential future therapies for arrhythmias. It is a highly practical guide for the use of pharmaceuticals in the management of the discipline, and has been written in a simple quick-access format. Antiarrhythmic Drugs builds on the current understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and insights gained from previous studies of therapeutic interventions. It is designed to establish the baseline level of knowledge that a cardiovascular professional needs to know on a day-to-day basis.
Author : International Study Group for Research in Cardiac Metabolism
Publisher : Baltimore : University Park Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Sarcolemma written by International Study Group for Research in Cardiac Metabolism and published by Baltimore : University Park Press. This book was released on 1976 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Fatima Shad Kaneez
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789842271
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)
Download or read book Ion Channels in Health and Sickness written by Fatima Shad Kaneez and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-10-10 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion channels are proteins that make pores in the membranes of excitable cells present both in the brain and the body. These cells are not only responsible for converting chemical and mechanical stimuli into the electrical signals but are also liable for monitoring vital functions. All our activities, from the blinking of our eyes to the beating of our heart and all our senses from smell to sight, touch, taste and hearing are regulated by the ion channels. This book will take us on an expedition describing the role of ion channels in congenital and acquired diseases and the challenges and limitations scientist are facing in the development of drugs targeting these membrane proteins.
Author : Richard W. Tsien
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Low-voltage-activated T-type Calcium Channels written by Richard W. Tsien and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michel Félétou
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1615041230
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)
Download or read book The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Author : Juliusz Ashot Kozak
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 149875273X
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)
Download or read book Calcium Entry Channels in Non-Excitable Cells written by Juliusz Ashot Kozak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calcium Entry Channels in Non-Excitable Cells focuses on methods of investigating the structure and function of non-voltage gated calcium channels. Each chapter presents important discoveries in calcium entry pathways, specifically dealing with the molecular identification of store-operated calcium channels which were reviewed by earlier volumes in the Methods in Signal Transduction series. Crystallographic and pharmacological approaches to the study of calcium channels of epithelial cells are also discussed. Calcium ion is a messenger in most cell types. Whereas voltage gated calcium channels have been studied extensively, the non-voltage gated calcium entry channel genes have only been identified relatively recently. The book will fill this important niche.
