Modern Diffraction And Imaging Techniques In Material Science

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Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science P2

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Author : S Amelinckx
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444601864
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science P2 by : S Amelinckx

Download or read book Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science P2 written by S Amelinckx and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science reviews recent developments in diffraction and imaging techniques used in the study of materials. It discusses advances in high-voltage electron microscopy, low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), X-ray and neutron diffraction, X-ray topography, mirror electron microscopy, and field emission microscopy. Organized into five parts encompassing nine chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the dynamical theory of the diffraction of high-energy electrons in crystals and methodically introduces the reader to dynamical diffraction in perfect and imperfect crystals, inelastic scattering of electrons in crystals, and X-ray production. It then explores back scattering effects, the technical features of high-voltage electron microscopes, and surface characterization by LEED. Other chapters focus on the kinematical theory of X-ray diffraction, techniques and interpretation in X-ray topography, and interpretation of the contrast of the images of defects on X-ray topographs. The book also describes theory and applications of mirror electron microscopy, surface studies by field emission of electrons, field ionization and field evaporation, and gas-surface interactions before concluding with a discussion on lattice imperfections. Scientists and students taking courses on diffraction and solid-state electron microscopy will benefit from this book.

Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science P1

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Author : S Amelinckx
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444601848
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science P1 by : S Amelinckx

Download or read book Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science P1 written by S Amelinckx and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science describes the various methods used to study the atomic structure of matter at an atomic scale based on the interaction between matter and radiation. It classifies the possible methods of observation by making a list of radiations on the basis of wavelength, including ions, X-ray photons, neutrons, and electrons. It also discusses transmission electron microscopy, the weak-beam method of electron microscopy, and some applications of transmission electron microscopy to phase transitions. Organized into 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the kinematic theory of electron diffraction and the ways to treat diffraction by a deformed crystal. It discusses the dynamical theory of diffraction of fast electrons, the treatment of absorption in the dynamical theory of electron diffraction, the use of electron microscopy to study planar interfaces, and analysis of weak-beam images. The book also covers the use of computed electron micrographs in defect identification, crystallographic analysis of dislocation loops containing shear components, and detection and identification of small coherent particles. In addition, the reader is introduced to interpretation of diffuse scattering and short-range order, along with the crystallography of martensitic transformations. The remaining chapters focus on the working principle of the transmission electron microscope, experimental structure imaging of crystals, and the study of diffuse scattering effects originating from substitutional disorder and displacement disorder. The information on diffraction and imaging techniques in material science contained in this book will be helpful to students, researchers, and scientists.

Transmission Electron Microscopy and Diffractometry of Materials

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Author : Brent Fultz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642297609
Total Pages : 775 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Transmission Electron Microscopy and Diffractometry of Materials by : Brent Fultz

Download or read book Transmission Electron Microscopy and Diffractometry of Materials written by Brent Fultz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-14 with total page 775 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains concepts of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffractometry (XRD) that are important for the characterization of materials. The fourth edition adds important new techniques of TEM such as electron tomography, nanobeam diffraction, and geometric phase analysis. A new chapter on neutron scattering completes the trio of x-ray, electron and neutron diffraction. All chapters were updated and revised for clarity. The book explains the fundamentals of how waves and wavefunctions interact with atoms in solids, and the similarities and differences of using x-rays, electrons, or neutrons for diffraction measurements. Diffraction effects of crystalline order, defects, and disorder in materials are explained in detail. Both practical and theoretical issues are covered. The book can be used in an introductory-level or advanced-level course, since sections are identified by difficulty. Each chapter includes a set of problems to illustrate principles, and the extensive Appendix includes laboratory exercises.

Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science: Imaging and diffraction techniques

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Author : Severin Amelinckx
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science: Imaging and diffraction techniques by : Severin Amelinckx

Download or read book Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science: Imaging and diffraction techniques written by Severin Amelinckx and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Treatise on Materials Science and Technology

Author : Herbert Herman
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483218139
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Treatise on Materials Science and Technology by : Herbert Herman

Download or read book Treatise on Materials Science and Technology written by Herbert Herman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatise on Materials Science and Technology, Volume 4 covers the fundamental properties and characterization of materials, ranging from simple solids to complex heterophase systems. The book covers articles on advanced techniques by which thin films may be characterized; on diffusion in substitutional alloys; and on solid solution strengthening in face-centered cubic alloys. The text also includes articles on the thermodynamics of binary ordered intermetallic phases; and the major aspects of metal powder processing. Professional scientists and engineers, as well as graduate students in materials science and associated fields will find the book invaluable.

Materials Characterization Using Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Methods

Author : Gerhard Huebschen
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 008100057X
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Materials Characterization Using Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Methods by : Gerhard Huebschen

Download or read book Materials Characterization Using Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Methods written by Gerhard Huebschen and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-03-23 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials Characterization Using Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Methods discusses NDT methods and how they are highly desirable for both long-term monitoring and short-term assessment of materials, providing crucial early warning that the fatigue life of a material has elapsed, thus helping to prevent service failures. Materials Characterization Using Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Methods gives an overview of established and new NDT techniques for the characterization of materials, with a focus on materials used in the automotive, aerospace, power plants, and infrastructure construction industries. Each chapter focuses on a different NDT technique and indicates the potential of the method by selected examples of applications. Methods covered include scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray microtomography and diffraction, ultrasonic, electromagnetic, microwave, and hybrid techniques. The authors review both the determination of microstructure properties, including phase content and grain size, and the determination of mechanical properties, such as hardness, toughness, yield strength, texture, and residual stress. - Gives an overview of established and new NDT techniques, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray microtomography and diffraction, ultrasonic, electromagnetic, microwave, and hybrid techniques - Reviews the determination of microstructural and mechanical properties - Focuses on materials used in the automotive, aerospace, power plants, and infrastructure construction industries - Serves as a highly desirable resource for both long-term monitoring and short-term assessment of materials

Physics of New Materials

Author : Francisco E. Fujita
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642468624
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (424 download)

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Book Synopsis Physics of New Materials by : Francisco E. Fujita

Download or read book Physics of New Materials written by Francisco E. Fujita and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics of New Materials After the discoveries and applications of superconductors, new ceramics, amorphous and nano-materials, shape memory and other intelligent materials, physics became more and more important, comparable with chemistry, in the research and development of advanced materials. In this book, several important fields of physics-oriented new-materials research and physical means of analyses are selected and their fundamental principles and methods are described in a simple and understandable way. It is suitable as a textbook for university materials science courses.

Electron Microscopy in Mineralogy

Author : P.E. Champness
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642661963
Total Pages : 574 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Electron Microscopy in Mineralogy by : P.E. Champness

Download or read book Electron Microscopy in Mineralogy written by P.E. Champness and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last five years transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has added numerous important new data to mineralogy and has considerably changed its outlook. This is partly due to the fact that metallurgists and crystal physicists having solved most of the structural and crystallographic problems in metals have begun to show a widening interest in the much more complicated structures of minerals, and partly to recent progress in experimental techniques, mainly the availability of ion-thinning devices. While electron microscopists have become increasingly interested in minerals (judging from special symposia at recent meetings such as Fifth European Congress on Electron microscopy, Man chester 1972; Eight International Congress on Electron Microscopy, Canberra 1974) mineralogists have realized advantages of the new technique and applied it with increasing frequency. In an effort to coordinate the growing quantity of research, electron microscopy sessions have been included in meetings of mineralogists (e. g. Geological Society of America, Minneapolis, 1972, American Crystallographic Association, Berkeley, 1974). The tremendous response for the TEM symposium which H. -R. Wenk and G. Thomas organized at the Berkeley Conference of the American Crystallographic Association formed the basis for this book. It appeared useful at this stage to summarize the achievements of electron microscopy, scattered in many different journals in several different fields and present them to mineralogists. A group of participants as the Berkeley symposium formed an Editorial Committee and outlined the content of this book.

The science of ceramic machining and surface finishing II

Author : B. J. Hockey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The science of ceramic machining and surface finishing II by : B. J. Hockey

Download or read book The science of ceramic machining and surface finishing II written by B. J. Hockey and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Author : Ludwig Reimer
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540389679
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Scanning Electron Microscopy by : Ludwig Reimer

Download or read book Scanning Electron Microscopy written by Ludwig Reimer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scanning Electron Microscopy provides a description of the physics of electron-probe formation and of electron-specimen interactions. The different imaging and analytical modes using secondary and backscattered electrons, electron-beam-induced currents, X-ray and Auger electrons, electron channelling effects, and cathodoluminescence are discussed to evaluate specific contrasts and to obtain quantitative information.

International Conference on Martensitic Transformations (ICOMAT) 2008

Author : Gregory Olson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118804147
Total Pages : 1617 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

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Book Synopsis International Conference on Martensitic Transformations (ICOMAT) 2008 by : Gregory Olson

Download or read book International Conference on Martensitic Transformations (ICOMAT) 2008 written by Gregory Olson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-10-09 with total page 1617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the week of June 29 - July 5, 2008, over 300 scientists and engineers from 30 countries spanning five continents converged at the historic La Fonda Hotel in the city of Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA to participate in the 12th International Conference on Martensitic Transformations (ICOMAT-08) to fathom the peculiar world of certain crystalline materials that undergo structural change when cooled or stressed. Many of these materials can restore their original shape when reheated, thus the name "Shape Memory Alloys". In the spirit of Santa Fe, a central theme of ICOMAT-08 was INTEGRATION across many dimensions.

Solid-State Physics

Author : Harald Ibach
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642972306
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (429 download)

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Book Synopsis Solid-State Physics by : Harald Ibach

Download or read book Solid-State Physics written by Harald Ibach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades solid state physics has seen many dramatic new developments and has become one of the largest independent branches of physics. It has simultaneously ex panded into many new areas, playing a vital role in fields that were once the domain of the engineering and chemical sciences. A consequence of this explosive development is that no single university lecturer can today be expected to have a detailed knowledge of all aspects of this vast subject; likewise, it is impossible to conceive of a course that could offer students a comprehensive understanding of the entire discipline and its many applications. In view of this situation, it is particularly valuable to have a textbook that gives a concise account of the essential elements of the physics of solids. In this book the fun damental aspects of solid state physics are presented according to the scheme: Chemical bonding, structure, lattice dynamics, and electronic properties. We believe that this se quence is the optimum choice for tutorial purposes. It enables the more difficult con cepts to be introduced at a point where a basic understanding of fundamental ideas has already been achieved through the study of simple models and examples. In addition to this carefully structured exposition of classical solid state theory based on the periodic solid and the one-electron approximation, the book also includes comprehen sive descriptions of the most active areas in modern research: Magnetism, superconduc tivity and semiconductor physics.

Analytical Methods High-Melting Metals

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642687318
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Analytical Methods High-Melting Metals by :

Download or read book Analytical Methods High-Melting Metals written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In solid state physics and in materials science the investigation of the connection between the properties of solids and their microstructure is of major importance. For crystalline materials this connection is related to the lattice structure, and it can be shown convinc ingly that the material properties depend on deviations from the ideal lattice structure in the majority of cases. For this reason a reliable detection and analysis of defects in "nearly perfect" crystals is necessary, and a sufficient spatial resolution of the methods applied is required. Because electrons on the one hand strongly interact with the matter to be investigated and on the other hand can easily be focused electron-optical methods are very advantageous for this purpose. They are used in the diffraction mode, in the imaging mode and in the spectroscopic mode. The attainable high lateral resolution in the imaging mode makes the application of electron microscopy especially effective. Although already valuable information on crystal defects can be gained by using the routine technique of diffraction contrast imagingl-3) which has a resolution of some 4 10 nm - in the special weak-beam technique ) of some nm -, the detection of crystal defects and inhomogeneities, resp. on an atomic or molecular level by the aid of high resolution electron microscopy gets increasing importance.

Crystal Growth Technology

Author : Hans J. Scheel
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470491108
Total Pages : 695 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Crystal Growth Technology by : Hans J. Scheel

Download or read book Crystal Growth Technology written by Hans J. Scheel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-07-31 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume deals with the technologies of crystal fabrication, of crystal machining, and of epilayer production and is the first book on industrial and scientific aspects of crystal and layer production. The major industrial crystals are treated: Si, GaAs, GaP, InP, CdTe, sapphire, oxide and halide scintillator crystals, crystals for optical, piezoelectric and microwave applications and more. Contains 29 contributions from leading crystal technologists covering the following topics: * General aspects of crystal growth technology * Silicon * Compound semiconductors * Oxides and halides * Crystal machining * Epitaxy and layer deposition Scientific and technological problems of production and machining of industrial crystals are discussed by top experts, most of them from the major growth industries and crystal growth centers. In addition, it will be useful for the users of crystals, for teachers and graduate students in materials sciences, in electronic and other functional materials, chemical and metallurgical engineering, micro-and optoelectronics including nanotechnology, mechanical engineering and precision-machining, microtechnology, and in solid-state sciences.

Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080576958
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics by :

Download or read book Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1973-04-18 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics

Characterization of Crystal Growth Defects by X-Ray Methods

Author : B.K. Tanner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475711263
Total Pages : 615 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of Crystal Growth Defects by X-Ray Methods by : B.K. Tanner

Download or read book Characterization of Crystal Growth Defects by X-Ray Methods written by B.K. Tanner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute entitled "Characterization of Crystal Growth Defects by X-ray Methods' held in the University of Durham, England from 29th August to 10th September 1979. The current interest in electronic materials, in particular silicon, gallium aluminium arsenide, and quartz, and the recent availability of synchrotron radiation for X-ray diffraction studies made this Advanced Study Institute particularly timely. Two main themes ran through the course: 1. A survey of the various types of defect occurring in crystal growth, the mechanism of their different methods of generation and their influence on the properties of relativelY perfect crystals. 2. A detailed and advanced course on the observation and characterization of such defects by X-ray methods. The main emphasis was on X-ray topographic techniques but a substantial amount of time was spent on goniometric techniques such as double crystal diffractometry and gamma ray diffraction. The presentation of material in this book reflects these twin themes. Section A is concerned with defects, Section C with techniques and in linking them. Section B provides a concise account of the basic theory necessary for the interpretation of X-ray topographs and diffractometric data. Although the sequence follows roughly the order of presentation at the Advanced Study Institute certain major changes have been made in order to improve the pedagogy. In particular, the first two chapters provide a vital, and seldom articulated, case for the need for characterization for crystals used in device technologies.

Nonlinear Optical Materials

Author : V. Degiorgio
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 9789051992045
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Nonlinear Optical Materials by : V. Degiorgio

Download or read book Nonlinear Optical Materials written by V. Degiorgio and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonlinear optical materials play a pivotal role in the future evolution of nonlinear optics in general and its impact in technology and industrial applications in particular. The progress in nonlinear optics has been tremendous since the first demonstration of an all-optical nonlinear effect in the early sixties, but until recently the main visible emphasis was on the physical aspects of the nonlinear radiation matter interaction. In the last decade, however, this effort has also brought its fruits in applied aspects of nonlinear optics. This can be essentially traced to the improvement of the performances of the nonlinear optical materials. Our understanding of the nonlinear polarization mechanisms and their relation to the structural characteristics of the materials has been considerably improved. In addition, the new development of techniques for the fabrication and growth of artificial materials has dramatically contributed to this evolution. The goal is to find and develop materials presenting large nonlinearities and satisfying at the same time all the technological requirements for applications such as wide transparency range, fast response, high damage threshold but also processability, adaptability and interfacing with other materials. Improvements, besides rendering possible the implementation of nonlinear effects in devices, open the way to the study of new nonlinear optical effects and the introduction of new concepts. This book describes new concepts which are emerging in the field of nonlinear optical materials, concentrating the attention on materials which seem more promising for applications in the technology of information transmission and processing.