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Author : J. Ross Thomson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (427 download)
Download or read book Models of Pattern Formation on the Primate Visual Cortex written by J. Ross Thomson and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : William Millard Reed
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book An Investigation of Memory Pattern Formation in a Model of the Human Visual Cortex written by William Millard Reed and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several investigations have been conducted on the pattern recognition capability of a proposed model of the visual cortex. This investigation is aimed at determining the internal relationships existing within the model. Special emphasis is placed on the formation of memory patterns during the 'learning' process. A model is developed which enables the investigation of single inputs unhampered, in most cases, by the limitation of array size. The effects of coupling on the spatial distribution of the memory patterns are investigated. In addition, the transient and stability effects are investigated from the standpoint of computer operation time. An attempt is made to correlate the memory patterns with one case of Fraunhofer diffraction. As a result of the background research into the human visual system, a proposal is made for considering the eye as a diffracting, rather than an imaging, device. An experiment is also suggested which may isolate possible sub-channels within the visual channel, which may be concerned with the transmission of color information. (Author).
Author : Erik Mosekilde
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642792901
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)
Download or read book Modelling the Dynamics of Biological Systems written by Erik Mosekilde and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of a proper description of the living world today stands as one of the most significant challenges to physics. A variety of new experimental techniques in molecular biology, microbiol ogy, physiology and other fields of biological research constantly expand our knowledge and enable us to make increasingly more detailed functional and structural descriptions. Over the past decades, the amount and complexity of available information have multiplied dramatically, while at the same time our basic understanding of the nature of regulation, behavior, morphogenesis and evolution in the living world has made only modest progress. A key obstacle is clearly the proper handling of the available data. This requires a stronger emphasis on mathematical modeling through which the consistency of the adopted explanations can be checked, and general princi ples may be extracted. As an even more serious problem, however, it appears that the proper physical concepts for the development of a theoretically oriented biology have not hitherto been available. Classical mechanics and equilibrium thermody namics, for instance, are inappropriate and useless in some of the most essen tial biological contexts. Fortunately, there is now convincing evidence that the concepts and methods of the newly developed fields of nonlinear dynam ics and complex systems theory, combined with irreversible thermodynamics and far-from-equilibrium statistical mechanics will enable us to move ahead with many of these problems.
Author : P. Bagnoli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461533902
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book The Changing Visual System written by P. Bagnoli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In late May and early June 1991, a NATO Advanced Study Institute was held at a hotel in the hilltop village of San Martino al Cimino a few kilometers from the city of Viterbo in the Lazio region of Italy. The title of the course was the same as this volume and brought together specialists working at all phases of the life span (embryology, infancy, childhood, middle life and senescence) in both animals and humans to exchange ideas, facts and theories in the search for common principles. Such principles could prove important for understanding developmental changes in the central nervous system and visual behavior within the context of a continuum of life-span processes rather than viewing them as events or mechanisms that occur only in a certain period. For example, changes that are associated with "aging" were considered as extensions or continuations of processes that began at an earlier stage of the life span, rather than being seen as processes that only began late in life.
Author : Jon H. Kaas
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1135513538
Total Pages : 645 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (355 download)
Download or read book The Primate Visual System written by Jon H. Kaas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-07-28 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last 20 years of research have been marked by exceptional progress in understanding the organization and functions of the primate visual system. This understanding has been based on the wide application of traditional and newly emerging methods for identifying the functionally significant subdivisions of the system, their interconnections, the
Author : Helga Kolb
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (53 download)
Download or read book Webvision written by Helga Kolb and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : D. Alistair Steyn-Ross
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441907963
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)
Download or read book Modeling Phase Transitions in the Brain written by D. Alistair Steyn-Ross and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-14 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreword by Walter J. Freeman. The induction of unconsciousness using anesthetic agents demonstrates that the cerebral cortex can operate in two very different behavioral modes: alert and responsive vs. unaware and quiescent. But the states of wakefulness and sleep are not single-neuron properties---they emerge as bulk properties of cooperating populations of neurons, with the switchover between states being similar to the physical change of phase observed when water freezes or ice melts. Some brain-state transitions, such as sleep cycling, anesthetic induction, epileptic seizure, are obvious and detected readily with a few EEG electrodes; others, such as the emergence of gamma rhythms during cognition, or the ultra-slow BOLD rhythms of relaxed free-association, are much more subtle. The unifying theme of this book is the notion that all of these bulk changes in brain behavior can be treated as phase transitions between distinct brain states. Modeling Phase Transitions in the Brain contains chapter contributions from leading researchers who apply state-space methods, network models, and biophysically-motivated continuum approaches to investigate a range of neuroscientifically relevant problems that include analysis of nonstationary EEG time-series; network topologies that limit epileptic spreading; saddle--node bifurcations for anesthesia, sleep-cycling, and the wake--sleep switch; prediction of dynamical and noise-induced spatiotemporal instabilities underlying BOLD, alpha-, and gamma-band Hopf oscillations, gap-junction-moderated Turing structures, and Hopf-Turing interactions leading to cortical waves.
Author : Harry G. Barrow
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (352 download)
Download or read book Models of Synaptic Development in Early Visual Cortex written by Harry G. Barrow and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "This report is comprised of three independent parts describing developmental models for orientation selectivity, 'colour-blobs' and position-invariant complex cells respectively. Each of these models has been documented, in abbreviated form, in previously published work [1,2,3]. As such, these reports are intended to present 'the full story'. Part I describes an activity-based model of processing in the early visual pathway including retina, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and simple cells in the cortex. We use a non-adaptive model of on- and off-centre retinal ganglion cells which project to the LGN. Cortical simple cells receive excitatory projections from the LGN. There are two populations of cortical cells: one population excites close neighbours whilst the other inhibits all neighbours within a greater area. When presented with input the network activity settles, after which feedforward weights connecting the simple and geniculate cells adapt using a Hebbian rule. After many presentations from natural images the feedforward weights adapt to become 'edge' and 'bar' detectors, with many receptive fields being similar to Gabor functions. These are orientation selective, and orientation preference varies smoothly across the cortical surface. Part II describes a model of colour-processing in the parvicellular visual pathway of primates. Principal component analysis of many small spatial samples taken from a natural colour image shows that only one of the eigenvectors with a large eigenvalue is significantly colour selective, and this eigenvector is not selective for 2D orientation. This result suggests an activity- based explanation for the formation of 'colour-blobs' in layer IVb of primate striate cortex. The work describes a network simulation of processing in the primate retina, LGN and V1 which self-organises in response to natural colour images and produces 'feature-maps' in which islands of a few colour-sensitive cells (i.e. colour blobs) are surrounded by a sea of oriented non-colour-selective cells. Part III proposes that complex cells in layers II & III of primate visual cortex learn to be sensitive to orientation, but invariant to position, through a mechanism similar to classical conditioning. A simulation is described with a simple computational model which demonstrates how complex cells can develop strong connections to simple cells with similar orientation preferences at different spatial positions by using a temporal version of the Hebbian learning rule. A further simulation with a detailed biological model of the primate visual pathway from retina to cortex supports the claim that complex cells learn orientation-selectivity but spatial invariance using temporal Hebbian learning."
Author : Eshed Margalit
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)
Download or read book A Unified Model of the Structure and Function of Primate Visual Cortex written by Eshed Margalit and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans have the remarkable capacity to recognize visual objects despite challenging variations in their pose, illumination, and context. This ability depends on the ventral visual stream, a series of cortical areas that progressively transforms the signal from the retina into representations of object category, location, color, texture, and size. Our understanding of the function and development of the ventral visual stream is anchored in the tight coupling between structure and function in the constituent cortical areas: in each area, neurons are arranged in the cortical sheet according to the visual features they respond most strongly to. In the earliest stage of the ventral visual stream neighboring neurons preferentially respond to edges of similar orientations and colors, whereas neurons toward the end of the ventral stream cluster together according to their preferred object category, e.g., faces, limbs, and places. Understanding the development and purpose of this functional organization requires the construction of detailed models whose predictions can be evaluated against neural measurements. In this dissertation, I present topographic deep convolutional neural networks (topographic DCNNs) as unifying models of neural structure and function throughout the ventral visual stream. Topographic DCNNs implement the simple hypothesis that functional organization in the visual cortex can be reproduced by optimizing the parameters of a neural network to perform a challenging visual task while keeping local populations of neurons correlated with one another. I find that topographic DCNNs are able to reproduce functional organization in both early and later stages of the ventral visual stream, that this brain-model correspondence is strongest for more biologically-plausible learning algorithms, and that topographic DCNNs can be used to predict how changes to visual inputs during development will affect cortical map formation. The success of topographic DCNNs in the prediction of the functional organization of the primate ventral visual stream implies the existence of simple unifying principles for the development of those regions, and serves as a foundation from which increasingly accurate models of visual processing can be constructed.
Author : Hans G. Othmer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461524334
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Experimental and Theoretical Advances in Biological Pattern Formation written by Hans G. Othmer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the NATO ARW on 'Biological Pattern Formation' held at Merton College, University of Oxford, on 27-31 August, 1992. The objective of the workshop was to bring together a select group of theoreticians and experimental biologists to present the latest results in the area of biological pattern formation and to foster interactiqn across dis- plines. The workshop was divided into 5 main areas: (i) limb development, (ii) Dictyostelium discoideum, (iii) Drosophila, (iv) cell movement, (v) g- eral pattern formation. We thank all the participants for their contributions, enthusiasm, and willingness to collaborate. There was a genuine, open, and extremely fru- ful interaction between the experimentalists and theoreticians which made the workshop a success. We also thank The Welcome Trust for providing additional funding. The local organization fell mainly on Denise McKittrick and Beverley Bhaskhare at the Mathematical Institute, Oxford, and Jeanette Hudson and the staff of Merton College. We greatly appreciate their help and patience. We also thank Jonathan Sherratt, Wendy Brandts and Debbie Benson for helping out in the conference and for providing a happy welcome to parti- pants on a typically cold, wet and windy English summer day.
Author : Carson Chow
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780444517920
Total Pages : 876 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (179 download)
Download or read book Methods and Models in Neurophysics written by Carson Chow and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. E. Marder, Experimenting with theory -- 2. A. Borysuk and J. Rinzel, Understanding neuronal dynamics by geometrical dissection of minimal models -- 3. D. Terman, Geometry singular perturbation analysis of neuronal dynamics -- 4. G. Mato, Theory of neural synchrony -- 5. M. Shelley, Some useful numerical techniques for simulating integrate-and-fire networks -- 6. D. Golomb, Propagation of pulses in cortical networks: the single-spike approximation -- 7. M. Tsodyks, Activity-dependent transmission in neocortical synapses -- 8. H. Sompolinsky and J. White, Theory of large recurrent networks: from spikes to behavior -- 9. C. van Vreeswijk, Irregular activity in large networks of neurons -- 10. N. Brunel, Network models of memory -- 11. P. Bressloff, Pattern formation in visual cortex -- 12. F. Wolf, Symmetry breaking and pattern selection in visual cortical development -- 13. A. Treves and Y. Roudi, On the evolution of the brain -- 14. E. Brown, Theory of point processes for neural syst ...
Author : H. Frederick Nijhout
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429972997
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)
Download or read book Pattern Formation In The Physical And Biological Sciences written by H. Frederick Nijhout and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-19 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Lecture Notes Volume represents the first time any of the summer school lectures have been collected and published on a discrete subject rather than grouping all of a season's lectures together. This volume provides a broad survey of current thought on the problem of pattern formation. Spanning six years of summer school lectures, it includes articles which examine the origin and evolution of spatial patterns in physio-chemical and biological systems from a great diversity of theoretical and mechanistic perspectives. In addition, most of these pieces have been updated by their authors and three articles never previously published have been added.
Author : Michael A. Arbib
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262011594
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (115 download)
Download or read book Neural Organization written by Michael A. Arbib and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Neural Organization, Arbib, Erdi, and Szentagothai integrate structural, functional, and dynamical approaches to the interaction of brain models and neurobiologcal experiments. Both structure-based "bottom-up" and function- based "top-down" models offer coherent concepts by which to evaluate the experimental data. The goal of this book is to point out the advantages of a multidisciplinary, multistrategied approach to the brain.Part I of Neural Organization provides a detailed introduction to each of the three areas of structure, function, and dynamics. Structure refers to the anatomical aspects of the brain and the relations between different brain regions. Function refers to skills and behaviors, which are explained by means of functional schemas and biologically based neural networks. Dynamics refers to the use of a mathematical framework to analyze the temporal change of neural activities and synaptic connectivities that underlie brain development and plasticity--in terms of both detailed single-cell models and large-scale network models.In part II, the authors show how their systematic approach can be used to analyze specific parts of the nervous system--the olfactory system, hippocampus, thalamus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia--as well as to integrate data from the study of brain regions, functional models, and the dynamics of neural networks. In conclusion, they offer a plan for the use of their methods in the development of cognitive neuroscience."
Author : Klaus Obermayer
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262650601
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (56 download)
Download or read book Self-organizing Map Formation written by Klaus Obermayer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of self-organizing map formation, including recent developments. Self-organizing maps form a branch of unsupervised learning, which is the study of what can be determined about the statistical properties of input data without explicit feedback from a teacher. The articles are drawn from the journal Neural Computation.The book consists of five sections. The first section looks at attempts to model the organization of cortical maps and at the theory and applications of the related artificial neural network algorithms. The second section analyzes topographic maps and their formation via objective functions. The third section discusses cortical maps of stimulus features. The fourth section discusses self-organizing maps for unsupervised data analysis. The fifth section discusses extensions of self-organizing maps, including two surprising applications of mapping algorithms to standard computer science problems: combinatorial optimization and sorting. Contributors J. J. Atick, H. G. Barrow, H. U. Bauer, C. M. Bishop, H. J. Bray, J. Bruske, J. M. L. Budd, M. Budinich, V. Cherkassky, J. Cowan, R. Durbin, E. Erwin, G. J. Goodhill, T. Graepel, D. Grier, S. Kaski, T. Kohonen, H. Lappalainen, Z. Li, J. Lin, R. Linsker, S. P. Luttrell, D. J. C. MacKay, K. D. Miller, G. Mitchison, F. Mulier, K. Obermayer, C. Piepenbrock, H. Ritter, K. Schulten, T. J. Sejnowski, S. Smirnakis, G. Sommer, M. Svensen, R. Szeliski, A. Utsugi, C. K. I. Williams, L. Wiskott, L. Xu, A. Yuille, J. Zhang
Author : Kimmo Kaski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Third Nordic Symposium on Computer Simulation in Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Mathematics written by Kimmo Kaski and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : William D. Hopkins
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080557805
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book The Evolution of Hemispheric Specialization in Primates written by William D. Hopkins and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-09-18 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hemispheric specialization, and lateralized sensory, cognitive or motor function of the left and right halves of the brain, commonly manifests in humans as right-handedness and left hemisphere specialization of language functions. Historically, this has been considered a hallmark of, and unique to, human evolution. Some theories propose that human right-handedness evolved in the context of language and speech while others that it was a product of the increasing motor demands associated with feeding or tool-use. In the past 20-25 years, there has been a plethora of research in animals on the topic of whether population-level asymmetries in behavioral processes or neuro-anatomical structures exist in animals, notably primates and people have begun to question the historical assumptions that hemispheric specialization is unique to humans. This book brings together various summary chapters on the expression of behavioral and neuro-anatomical asymmetries in primates. Several chapters summarize entire families of primates while others focus on genetic and non-genetic models of handedness in humans and how they can be tested in non-human primates. In addition, it makes explicit links between various theoretical models of the development of handedness in humans with the observed patterns of results in non-human primates. A second emphasis is on comparative studies of handedness in primates. There is now enough data in the literature across different species to present an evolutionary tree for the emergence of handedness (and perhaps other aspects of hemispheric specialization, such as neuro-anatomical asymmetries) and its relation to specific morphological and ecological adaptations in various primate species. * The first treatment of this important topic since 1998* Examines the tenet that lateralization and handedness is a uniquely human character through evidence from higer and lower primates and with reference to other vertebrates.* Advances our understanding of the occurrence, evolution and significance of lateralization and handedness effects.
Author : Agustín E. González
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Lectures on Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics written by Agustín E. González and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 1989 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
