Models Of Horizontal Eye Movements Part Ii

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Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part II

Author : John Enderle
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031016432
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part II by : John Enderle

Download or read book Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part II written by John Enderle and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual information is processed. A saccade is a fast eye movement used to acquire a target by placing the image of the target on the fovea. Smooth pursuit is a slow eye movement used to track a target as it moves by keeping the target on the fovea. The vestibular ocular movement is used to keep the eyes on a target during brief head movements. The optokinetic eye movement is a combination of saccadic and slow eye movements that keeps a full-field image stable on the retina during sustained head rotation. Each of these movements is a conjugate eye movement, that is, movements of both eyes together driven by a common neural source. A vergence movement is a non-conjugate eye movement allowing the eyes to track targets as they come closer or farther away. In this book, a 2009 version of a state-of-the-art model is presented for horizontal saccades that is 3rd-order and linear, and controlled by a physiologically based time-optimal neural network. The oculomotor plant and saccade generator are the basic elements of the saccadic system. The control of saccades is initiated by the superior colliculus and terminated by the cerebellar fastigial nucleus, and involves a complex neural circuit in the mid brain. This book is the second part of a book series on models of horizontal eye movements. Table of Contents: 2009 Linear Homeomorphic Saccadic Eye Movement Model and Post-Saccade Behavior: Dynamic and Glissadic Overshoot / Neural Network for the Saccade Controller

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part I

Author : John Enderle
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031016424
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part I by : John Enderle

Download or read book Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part I written by John Enderle and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual information is processed. A saccade is a fast eye movement used to acquire a target by placing the image of the target on the fovea. Smooth pursuit is a slow eye movement used to track a target as it moves by keeping the target on the fovea. The vestibular ocular movement is used to keep the eyes on a target during brief head movements. The optokinetic eye movement is a combination of saccadic and slow eye movements that keeps a full-field image stable on the retina during sustained head rotation. Each of these movements is a conjugate eye movement, that is, movements of both eyes together driven by a common neural source. A vergence movement is a non-conjugate eye movement allowing the eyes to track targets as they come closer or farther away. In this book, early models of saccades and smooth pursuit are presented. The smooth pursuit system allows tracking of a slow moving target to maintain its position on the fovea. Models of the smooth pursuit have been developed using systems control theory, all involving a negative feedback control system that includes a time delay, controller and plant in the forward loop, with unity feedback. The oculomotor plant and saccade generator are the basic elements of the saccadic system. The oculomotor plant consists of three muscle pairs and the eyeball. A number of oculomotor plant models are described here beginning with the Westheimer model published in 1954, and up through our 1995 model involving a 4$^{th}$ order oculomotor plant model. The work presented here is not an exhaustive coverage of the field, but focused on the interests of the author. In Part II, a state-of-art model of the saccade system is presented, including a neural network that controls the system. Table of Contents: Introduction / Smooth Pursuit Models / Early Models of the Horizontal Saccadic Eye Movement System / Velocity and Acceleration Estimation / 1995 Linear Homeomorphic Saccadic Eye Movement Model

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part II

Author : John Enderle
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1608454479
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part II by : John Enderle

Download or read book Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part II written by John Enderle and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010-03-03 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual information is processed. A saccade is a fast eye movement used to acquire a target by placing the image of the target on the fovea. Smooth pursuit is a slow eye movement used to track a target as it moves by keeping the target on the fovea. The vestibular ocular movement is used to keep the eyes on a target during brief head movements. The optokinetic eye movement is a combination of saccadic and slow eye movements that keeps a full-field image stable on the retina during sustained head rotation. Each of these movements is a conjugate eye movement, that is, movements of both eyes together driven by a common neural source. A vergence movement is a non-conjugate eye movement allowing the eyes to track targets as they come closer or farther away. In this book, a 2009 version of a state-of-the-art model is presented for horizontal saccades that is 3rd-order and linear, and controlled by a physiologically based time-optimal neural network. The oculomotor plant and saccade generator are the basic elements of the saccadic system. The control of saccades is initiated by the superior colliculus and terminated by the cerebellar fastigial nucleus, and involves a complex neural circuit in the mid brain. This book is the second part of a book series on models of horizontal eye movements. Table of Contents: 2009 Linear Homeomorphic Saccadic Eye Movement Model and Post-Saccade Behavior: Dynamic and Glissadic Overshoot / Neural Network for the Saccade Controller

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements

Author : John D. Enderle
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1608452328
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Models of Horizontal Eye Movements by : John D. Enderle

Download or read book Models of Horizontal Eye Movements written by John D. Enderle and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual information is processed. A saccade is a fast eye movement used to acquire a target by placing the image of the target on the fovea. Smooth pursuit is a slow eye movement used to track a target as it moves by keeping the target on the fovea. The vestibular ocular movement is used to keep the eyes on a target during brief head movements. The optokinetic eye movement is a combination of saccadic and slow eye movements that keeps a full-field image stable on the retina during sustained head rotation. Each of these movements is a conjugate eye movement, that is, movements of both eyes together driven by a common neural source. A vergence movement is a non-conjugate eye movement allowing the eyes to track targets as they come closer or farther away. In this book, early models of saccades and smooth pursuit are presented. The smooth pursuit system allows tracking of a slow moving target to maintain its position on the fovea. Models of the smooth pursuit have been developed using systems control theory, all involving a negative feedback control system that includes a time delay, controller and plant in the forward loop, with unity feedback. The oculomotor plant and saccade generator are the basic elements of the saccadic system. The oculomotor plant consists of three muscle pairs and the eyeball. A number of oculomotor plant models are described here beginning with the Westheimer model published in 1954, and up through our 1995 model involving a 4th order oculomotor plant model. The work presented here is not an exhaustive coverage of the field, but focused on the interests of the author. In Part II, a state-of-art model of the saccade system is presented, including a neural network that controls the system. Table of Contents: Introduction / Smooth Pursuit Models / Early Models of the Horizontal Saccadic Eye Movement System / Velocity and Acceleration Estimation / 1995 Linear Homeomorphic Saccadic Eye Movement Model

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part I

Author : John Enderle
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783031005145
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part I by : John Enderle

Download or read book Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part I written by John Enderle and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-03-25 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual information is processed. A saccade is a fast eye movement used to acquire a target by placing the image of the target on the fovea. Smooth pursuit is a slow eye movement used to track a target as it moves by keeping the target on the fovea. The vestibular ocular movement is used to keep the eyes on a target during brief head movements. The optokinetic eye movement is a combination of saccadic and slow eye movements that keeps a full-field image stable on the retina during sustained head rotation. Each of these movements is a conjugate eye movement, that is, movements of both eyes together driven by a common neural source. A vergence movement is a non-conjugate eye movement allowing the eyes to track targets as they come closer or farther away. In this book, early models of saccades and smooth pursuit are presented. The smooth pursuit system allows tracking of a slow moving target to maintain its position on the fovea. Models of the smooth pursuit have been developed using systems control theory, all involving a negative feedback control system that includes a time delay, controller and plant in the forward loop, with unity feedback. The oculomotor plant and saccade generator are the basic elements of the saccadic system. The oculomotor plant consists of three muscle pairs and the eyeball. A number of oculomotor plant models are described here beginning with the Westheimer model published in 1954, and up through our 1995 model involving a 4$^{th}$ order oculomotor plant model. The work presented here is not an exhaustive coverage of the field, but focused on the interests of the author. In Part II, a state-of-art model of the saccade system is presented, including a neural network that controls the system. Table of Contents: Introduction / Smooth Pursuit Models / Early Models of the Horizontal Saccadic Eye Movement System / Velocity and Acceleration Estimation / 1995 Linear Homeomorphic Saccadic Eye Movement Model

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements

Author : Alireza Ghahari
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031016610
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Models of Horizontal Eye Movements by : Alireza Ghahari

Download or read book Models of Horizontal Eye Movements written by Alireza Ghahari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book series is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual information is processed. A saccade is a fast eye movement used to acquire a target by placing the image of the target on the fovea. Smooth pursuit is a slow eye movement used to track a target as it moves by keeping the target on the fovea. The vestibular ocular movement is used to keep the eyes on a target during brief head movements. The optokinetic eye movement is a combination of saccadic and slow eye movements that keeps a full-field image stable on the retina during sustained head rotation. Each of these movements is a conjugate eye movement, that is, movements of both eyes together driven by a common neural source. A vergence movement is a non-conjugate eye movement allowing the eyes to track targets as they come closer or farther away. In Part 1, early models of saccades and smooth pursuit are presented. A number of oculomotor plant models are described therein beginning with the Westheimer model published in 1954, and up through our 1995 model involving a 4th-order oculomotor plant model. In Part 2, a 2009 version of a state-of-the-art model is presented for horizontal saccades that is 3rd-order and linear, and controlled by a physiologically based time-optimal neural network. In this book, a multiscale model of the saccade system is presented, focusing on the neural network. Chapter 1 summarizes a whole muscle model of the oculomotor plant based on the 2009 3rd-order and linear, and controlled by a physiologically based time-optimal neural network. Chapter 2 presents a neural network model of biophysical neurons in the midbrain for controlling oculomotor muscles during horizontal human saccades. To investigate horizontal saccade dynamics, a neural circuitry, including omnipause neuron, premotor excitatory and inhibitory burst neurons, long lead burst neuron, tonic neuron, interneuron, abducens nucleus, and oculomotor nucleus, is developed. A generic neuron model serves as the basis to match the characteristics of each type of neuron in the neural network. We wish to express our thanks to William Pruehsner for drawing many of the illustrations in this book. Table of Contents: Acknowledgments / 2009 Linear Homeomorphic Saccadic Eye Movement Model / A Neuron-Based Time-Optimal Controller of Horizontal Saccadic Eye Movements and Glissades / References / Authors' Biographies

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements

Author : Alireza Ghahari
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783031005336
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Models of Horizontal Eye Movements by : Alireza Ghahari

Download or read book Models of Horizontal Eye Movements written by Alireza Ghahari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-17 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book series is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual information is processed. A saccade is a fast eye movement used to acquire a target by placing the image of the target on the fovea. Smooth pursuit is a slow eye movement used to track a target as it moves by keeping the target on the fovea. The vestibular ocular movement is used to keep the eyes on a target during brief head movements. The optokinetic eye movement is a combination of saccadic and slow eye movements that keeps a full-field image stable on the retina during sustained head rotation. Each of these movements is a conjugate eye movement, that is, movements of both eyes together driven by a common neural source. A vergence movement is a non-conjugate eye movement allowing the eyes to track targets as they come closer or farther away. In Part 1, early models of saccades and smooth pursuit are presented. A number of oculomotor plant models are described therein beginning with the Westheimer model published in 1954, and up through our 1995 model involving a 4th-order oculomotor plant model. In Part 2, a 2009 version of a state-of-the-art model is presented for horizontal saccades that is 3rd-order and linear, and controlled by a physiologically based time-optimal neural network. In this book, a multiscale model of the saccade system is presented, focusing on the neural network. Chapter 1 summarizes a whole muscle model of the oculomotor plant based on the 2009 3rd-order and linear, and controlled by a physiologically based time-optimal neural network. Chapter 2 presents a neural network model of biophysical neurons in the midbrain for controlling oculomotor muscles during horizontal human saccades. To investigate horizontal saccade dynamics, a neural circuitry, including omnipause neuron, premotor excitatory and inhibitory burst neurons, long lead burst neuron, tonic neuron, interneuron, abducens nucleus, and oculomotor nucleus, is developed. A generic neuron model serves as the basis to match the characteristics of each type of neuron in the neural network. We wish to express our thanks to William Pruehsner for drawing many of the illustrations in this book. Table of Contents: Acknowledgments / 2009 Linear Homeomorphic Saccadic Eye Movement Model / A Neuron-Based Time-Optimal Controller of Horizontal Saccadic Eye Movements and Glissades / References / Authors' Biographies

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements

Author : Alireza Ghahari
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031016637
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Models of Horizontal Eye Movements by : Alireza Ghahari

Download or read book Models of Horizontal Eye Movements written by Alireza Ghahari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book series is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual information is processed. In Part 1, early models of saccades and smooth pursuit are presented. A number of oculomotor plant models are described here beginning with the Westheimer model published in 1954, and up through our 1995 model involving a 4th order oculomotor plant model. In Part 2, a 2009 version of a state-of-the-art model is presented for horizontal saccades that is 3rd-order and linear, and controlled by a physiologically based time-optimal neural network. Part 3 describes a model of the saccade system, focusing on the neural network. It presents a neural network model of biophysical neurons in the midbrain for controlling oculomotor muscles during horizontal human saccades. In this book, a multiscale model of the saccade system is presented, focusing on a multiscale neural network and muscle fiber model. Chapter 1 presents a comprehensive model for the control of horizontal saccades using a muscle fiber model for the lateral and medial rectus muscles. The importance of this model is that each muscle fiber has a separate neural input. This model is robust and accounts for the neural activity for both large and small saccades. The muscle fiber model consists of serial sequences of muscle fibers in parallel with other serial sequences of muscle fibers. Each muscle fiber is described by a parallel combination of a linear length tension element, viscous element, and active-state tension generator. Chapter 2 presents a biophysically realistic neural network model in the midbrain to drive a muscle fiber oculomotor plant during horizontal monkey saccades. Neural circuitry, including omnipause neuron, premotor excitatory and inhibitory burst neurons, long lead burst neuron, tonic neuron, interneuron, abducens nucleus, and oculomotor nucleus, is developed to examine saccade dynamics. The time-optimal control mechanism demonstrates how the neural commands are encoded in the downstream saccadic pathway by realization of agonist and antagonist controller models. Consequently, each agonist muscle fiber is stimulated by an agonist neuron, while an antagonist muscle fiber is unstimulated by a pause and step from the antagonist neuron. It is concluded that the neural network is constrained by a minimum duration of the agonist pulse, and that the most dominant factor in determining the saccade magnitude is the number of active neurons for the small saccades. For the large saccades, however, the duration of agonist burst firing significantly affects the control of saccades. The proposed saccadic circuitry establishes a complete model of saccade generation since it not only includes the neural circuits at both the premotor and motor stages of the saccade generator, but it also uses a time-optimal controller to yield the desired saccade magnitude. Table of Contents: Acknowledgments / A New Linear Muscle Fiber Model for Neural Control of Saccades\footnotemark / A Physiological Neural Controller of a Muscle Fiber Oculomotor Plant in Horizontal Monkey Saccades\footnotemark / References / Authors' Biographies

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements

Author : Alireza Ghahari
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783031005350
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Models of Horizontal Eye Movements by : Alireza Ghahari

Download or read book Models of Horizontal Eye Movements written by Alireza Ghahari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-13 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book series is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual information is processed. In Part 1, early models of saccades and smooth pursuit are presented. A number of oculomotor plant models are described here beginning with the Westheimer model published in 1954, and up through our 1995 model involving a 4th order oculomotor plant model. In Part 2, a 2009 version of a state-of-the-art model is presented for horizontal saccades that is 3rd-order and linear, and controlled by a physiologically based time-optimal neural network. Part 3 describes a model of the saccade system, focusing on the neural network. It presents a neural network model of biophysical neurons in the midbrain for controlling oculomotor muscles during horizontal human saccades. In this book, a multiscale model of the saccade system is presented, focusing on a multiscale neural network and muscle fiber model. Chapter 1 presents a comprehensive model for the control of horizontal saccades using a muscle fiber model for the lateral and medial rectus muscles. The importance of this model is that each muscle fiber has a separate neural input. This model is robust and accounts for the neural activity for both large and small saccades. The muscle fiber model consists of serial sequences of muscle fibers in parallel with other serial sequences of muscle fibers. Each muscle fiber is described by a parallel combination of a linear length tension element, viscous element, and active-state tension generator. Chapter 2 presents a biophysically realistic neural network model in the midbrain to drive a muscle fiber oculomotor plant during horizontal monkey saccades. Neural circuitry, including omnipause neuron, premotor excitatory and inhibitory burst neurons, long lead burst neuron, tonic neuron, interneuron, abducens nucleus, and oculomotor nucleus, is developed to examine saccade dynamics. The time-optimal control mechanism demonstrates how the neural commands are encoded in the downstream saccadic pathway by realization of agonist and antagonist controller models. Consequently, each agonist muscle fiber is stimulated by an agonist neuron, while an antagonist muscle fiber is unstimulated by a pause and step from the antagonist neuron. It is concluded that the neural network is constrained by a minimum duration of the agonist pulse, and that the most dominant factor in determining the saccade magnitude is the number of active neurons for the small saccades. For the large saccades, however, the duration of agonist burst firing significantly affects the control of saccades. The proposed saccadic circuitry establishes a complete model of saccade generation since it not only includes the neural circuits at both the premotor and motor stages of the saccade generator, but it also uses a time-optimal controller to yield the desired saccade magnitude. Table of Contents: Acknowledgments / A New Linear Muscle Fiber Model for Neural Control of Saccades\footnotemark / A Physiological Neural Controller of a Muscle Fiber Oculomotor Plant in Horizontal Monkey Saccades\footnotemark / References / Authors' Biographies

The Control of Eye Movements

Author : Paul Bach-y-Rita
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323145647
Total Pages : 571 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis The Control of Eye Movements by : Paul Bach-y-Rita

Download or read book The Control of Eye Movements written by Paul Bach-y-Rita and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Control of Eye Movements presents the proceedings of the Symposium on the Control of Eye Movements organized by the Smith-Kettlewell Institute of Visual Sciences of the Pacific Medical Center and the Department of Visual Sciences of the University of the Pacific Graduate School of Medical Sciences, San Francisco, California, November 10-11, 1969. The book is organized into two parts. Part I is devoted to presentations of anatomical, physiological, pharmacological, psychological, and clinical aspects of eye movements. The material presented should provide a valuable reference source as well as increase awareness of the need for further investigation of many aspects of the basic physiology of eye movements. Part II presents a series of papers dealing with models of various parts of the oculomotor system. The modeling approach to control of eye movements is still in its infancy and the present work presents the first comprehensive survey of biophysical, mathematical, and engineering aspects of eye movement control.

Eye Movements

Author : Dennis F. Fisher
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315437392
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis Eye Movements by : Dennis F. Fisher

Download or read book Eye Movements written by Dennis F. Fisher and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1981, this volume represents the edited proceedings of the third symposium on eye movements and behaviour sponsored by the US Army Human Engineering Laboratory. The conference, titled "The Last Whole Earth Eye Movement Conference" was held in Florida in February 1980. As the conference approached, seizure of the American hostages by the Iranian militants, the Russian invasion of Afghanistan, and the uncertain economic outlook around the world made it appear as though the title was a self-fulfilling prophecy. But the meeting proved highly successful and people throughout the world seemed to be adapting to the stresses of international tension, making the possibility of subsequent meetings more likely. The present volume is intended to serve as a complementary text to the earlier texts Eye Movements and Psychological Processes (Monty & Senders, 1976) and Eye Movements and the Higher Psychological Functions (Senders, Fisher & Monty, 1978), rather than a revision and update of them.

Models of Horizontal Eye Movements

Author : Alireza Ghahari
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781627056588
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (565 download)

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Book Synopsis Models of Horizontal Eye Movements by : Alireza Ghahari

Download or read book Models of Horizontal Eye Movements written by Alireza Ghahari and published by . This book was released on 2015-02-01 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are five different types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vestibular ocular eye movements, optokinetic eye movements, and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book series is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement system and the smooth pursuit system, rather than on how visual information is processed. In Part 1, early models of saccades and smooth pursuit are presented. A number of oculomotor plant models are described here beginning with the Westheimer model published in 1954, and up through our 1995 model involving a 4th order oculomotor plant model. In Part 2, a 2009 version of a state-of-the-art model is presented for horizontal saccades that is 3rd-order and linear, and controlled by a physiologically based time-optimal neural network. Part 3 describes a model of the saccade system, focusing on the neural network. It presents a neural network model of biophysical neurons in the midbrain for controlling oculomotor muscles during horizontal human saccades. In this book, a multiscale model of the saccade system is presented, focusing on a multiscale neural network and muscle fiber model. Chapter 1 presents a comprehensive model for the control of horizontal saccades using a muscle fiber model for the lateral and medial rectus muscles. The importance of this model is that each muscle fiber has a separate neural input. This model is robust and accounts for the neural activity for both large and small saccades. The muscle fiber model consists of serial sequences of muscle fibers in parallel with other serial sequences of muscle fibers. Each muscle fiber is described by a parallel combination of a linear length tension element, viscous element, and active-state tension generator. Chapter 2 presents a biophysically realistic neural network model in the midbrain to drive a muscle fiber oculomotor plant during horizontal monkey saccades. Neural circuitry, including omnipause neuron, premotor excitatory and inhibitory burst neurons, long lead burst neuron, tonic neuron, interneuron, abducens nucleus, and oculomotor nucleus, is developed to examine saccade dynamics. The time-optimal control mechanism demonstrates how the neural commands are encoded in the downstream saccadic pathway by realization of agonist and antagonist controller models. Consequently, each agonist muscle fiber is stimulated by an agonist neuron, while an antagonist muscle fiber is unstimulated by a pause and step from the antagonist neuron. It is concluded that the neural network is constrained by a minimum duration of the agonist pulse, and that the most dominant factor in determining the saccade magnitude is the number of active neurons for the small saccades. For the large saccades, however, the duration of agonist burst firing significantly affects the control of saccades. The proposed saccadic circuitry establishes a complete model of saccade generation since it not only includes the neural circuits at both the premotor and motor stages of the saccade generator, but it also uses a time-optimal controller to yield the desired saccade magnitude.

Visual and Control Aspects of Saccadic Eye Movements

Author : Laurence R. Young
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Visual and Control Aspects of Saccadic Eye Movements by : Laurence R. Young

Download or read book Visual and Control Aspects of Saccadic Eye Movements written by Laurence R. Young and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The research related in this report represents part of a continuing effort to study the physiology of the visual system in man using the experimental and analytic techniques of control engineering. Recent reports have dealt with the dynamics of the vergence and version tracking loops, emphasizing the intermittent characteristics of the latter, and some consideration of intraocular pressure regulation. This report consists of two studies related to saccadic eye movements -- those rapid conjugate eye movements which jump the eyes about voluntarily and involuntarily. These saccades form the position correcting loop for visual tracking to keep the eyes "on target". Part one of the report, by Dr. L. R. Young, investigates the control aspects of saccades, considering the information used, the feedback available, and the observed mechanical dynamic performance of this fast "slewing" control. Some new experimental results on the saccadic dead zone lead to a simple statistical theory for the time of occurrence of small corrective eye movements. The question of eye movement proprioception is discussed and a variety of saccadic control models are critically reviewed. Part two of the report, by Drs. B. L. Zuber and L. Stark, concentrates on the information acquisition associated with eye movements, rather than the mechanical characteristics. The miniature involuntary eye movements occurring during fixation are reexamined from the point of view of their effect on visual acuity. Results are presented on saccadic suppression, or the elevation of visual acuity thresholds associated with microsaccades and voluntary saccadic movements. Considered together with suppression of vision during the fast phase of vestibular nystagmus and pupillary response suppression during saccades, these results bear directly on overall models of information processing in the visual control system."--Preface.

The Neurology of Eye Movements : Text and CD-ROM

Author : Departments of Neurology R. John Leigh Professor, Neuroscience Otolaryngology and Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University University Hospitals and Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cleveland Ohio
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198029705
Total Pages : 658 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Neurology of Eye Movements : Text and CD-ROM by : Departments of Neurology R. John Leigh Professor, Neuroscience Otolaryngology and Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University University Hospitals and Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cleveland Ohio

Download or read book The Neurology of Eye Movements : Text and CD-ROM written by Departments of Neurology R. John Leigh Professor, Neuroscience Otolaryngology and Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University University Hospitals and Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cleveland Ohio and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999-08-26 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Neurology of Eye Movements provides clinicians with a synthesis of current scientific information that can be applied to the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of ocular motility. Basic scientists will also benefit from descriptions of how data from anatomical, electrophysiological, pharmacological, and imaging studies can be directly applied to the study of disease. By critically reviewing such basic studies, the authors build a conceptual framework that can be applied to the interpretation of abnormal ocular motor behavior at the bedside. These syntheses are summarized in displays, new figures, schematics and tables. Early chapters discuss the visual need and neural basis for each functional class of eye movements. Two large chapters deal with the evaluation of double vision and systematically evaluate how many disorders of the central nervous system affect eye movements. This edition has been extensively rewritten, and contains many new figures and an up-to-date section on the treatment of abnormal eye movements such as nystagmus. A major innovation has been the development of an option to read the book from a compact disc, make use of hypertext links (which bridge basic science to clinical issues), and view the major disorders of eye movements in over 60 video clips. This volume will provide pertinent, up-to-date information to neurologists, neuroscientists, ophthalmologists, visual scientists, otalaryngologists, optometrists, biomedical engineers, and psychologists.

Eye Movements and the Higher Psychological Functions

Author : John W. Senders
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315414554
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis Eye Movements and the Higher Psychological Functions by : John W. Senders

Download or read book Eye Movements and the Higher Psychological Functions written by John W. Senders and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1978, this volume reflects the proceedings of a conference held in February 1977 in California and is a natural successor to the earlier volume Eye Movements and Psychological Processes (Monty & Senders, 1976). The second conference was aimed at providing a greater opportunity for discussing the "higher mental processes" touched on in the first volume. Part 1 is devoted to an intensive review of the underlying processes and psychological functions of eye movements. It includes discussions of the relationships of cortical and subcortical visual areas to eye movements and visual processing associated with them; information about the position of the eye in the head and the perception of visual space; saccades and visual functioning; and masking. In further parts it goes on to look at: methodology and models; cognitive processes; reading processes; looking at static and dynamic display; and finally chapters on problems and applications.

Eye Movements and Vision

Author : A. L. Yarbus
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1489953795
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Eye Movements and Vision by : A. L. Yarbus

Download or read book Eye Movements and Vision written by A. L. Yarbus and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Eye Movement Disorders

Author : E.A.C.M. Sanders
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400933177
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Eye Movement Disorders by : E.A.C.M. Sanders

Download or read book Eye Movement Disorders written by E.A.C.M. Sanders and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is perhaps no area of neuro-ophthalmology that is advancing more rapidly with respect to an understanding of its anatomy and physiology than the ocular motor system. For this reason, it is difficult not only to keep up with the latest information concerning the basic mechanisms involved in the control of eye movements but also to remain up to date regarding the pathophysiology of specific disorders of eye movement. The material in this book is derived from a two-day course on eye movements held in The Netherlands in 1986. The course was designed as an introduction to the normal ocular motor system and to disorders of eye movements and was aimed toward orthoptists, ophthalmolo gists, optometrists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons. The chapters in this book were compiled by a trio of experts in the field of eye movements and contain discussions of anatomy and physiology of the ocular motor system, techniques of examination of patients with diplopia, and pathophysiology of specific disorders of ocular motility. Many of the authors of these chapters are among the most active investigators of eye movements in the world today, and their comments thus reflect the latest information in the field. This text is both basic and com prehensive and thus has something for everyone, from the student just beginning a study of the ocular motor system to the seasoned 'veteran' who wishes to know the latest information regarding central ocular motor control mechanisms. Neil R.