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Author :
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9789291202539
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (25 download)
Download or read book Models and Methods for the Quantification of Atmospheric Input to Ecosystems written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1993 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sjaak Slanina
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662033941
Total Pages : 529 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)
Download or read book Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange of Pollutants and Trace Substances written by Sjaak Slanina and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biosphere is the ultimate sink for air pollutants and is also the source of many precursors for the formation of photo-oxidants. In any analysis of air pollution and for determining source-receptor relationships, reliable emission and pollutant concentrations or depositions must be taken into account, together with their interactions between the atmosphere and the biosphere. This book presents a number of authoritative review articles covering topics which include biosphere-atmosphere exchange of ammonia, nitrogen oxides, ozone and sulfur-containing gases, the biological mechanisms involved in the exchange of trace gases, as well as generalizations of deposition over Europe.
Author : Peter Borrell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642591035
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)
Download or read book Photo-oxidants, Acidification and Tools: Policy Applications of EUROTRAC Results written by Peter Borrell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EUROTRAC is the EUREKA environmental project studying the transport and chemical transformation of pollutants in the troposphere over Europe. At its inception in 1988 it had three aims: * to increase the basic understanding of atmospheric science; * to promote the technological development of sensitive, specific, fast-response instrumentation for environmental research and monitoring; and * to improve the scientific basis for taking future political decisions on environmental management within Europe. It was clear at an early stage, as the fourteen subprojects were formed and more than two hundred research groups in twenty-four countries were incorporated, that the first aim would readily be achieved. An ample demonstration that the early indications were correct is provided in the other volumes in this series which describe the scientific progress made. Substantial progress was also made towards achieving the second aim although some problems were encountered, mainly due to the high cost of the technological development required.
Author : G.J. Heij
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080525877
Total Pages : 702 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (258 download)
Download or read book Acid Atmospheric Deposition and its Effects on Terrestrial Ecosystems in The Netherlands written by G.J. Heij and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-05-09 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book begins with an overview of the research topics which were addressed in the three different phases of the Dutch Priority Program on Acidification (DPPA), executed between 1985 and 1994. This chapter is followed by a chapter which deals with the emissions of acidifying substances, the concentrations and the deposition to forest and nature conservation areas. Prognoses are given for the acid deposition in 2000 and 2010; the deposition in the countries surrounding the Netherlands is also mentioned. The differences in the results of the DPPA-II are analysed. The third chapter deals with the effects of exposure and load on forests. The chapter moves from small-scale to large-scale: first the effects in laboratory-scale studies are described, then the effects in the field, both at stand level and on a regional scale. In addition, the critical thresholds (critical level of concentration and critical load of deposition) are discussed. The fourth chapter covers terrestrial ecosystems (or parts thereof) as well as weakly buffered surface waters, springs and other streams. Critical levels and loads are also discussed. The most important results are given in chapter 5. In the appendices of the book, so-called umbrella theme reports on deposition, stand modelling and effects on forests are presented which describe in more detail the scientific work performed in the third phase of the DPPA. This book will be of interest to anyone involved in research related to acidification and eutrophication; i.e., not only those who perform the research in the causal chain from emissions to effects, but also policy-makers and students.
Author : J.W. Erisman
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080527673
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)
Download or read book Atmospheric Deposition written by J.W. Erisman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-06-09 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the research on atmospheric deposition of the Dutch Priority Programme on Acidification Research is summarised. Although most research described is of Dutch origin, it has been put into a broader perspective by outlining the state of knowledge on the process affecting atmospheric deposition in Europe. This has resulted in detailed deposition maps for the Netherlands and Europe. The volume is intended for those who measure or model atmospheric deposition and ecologists interested in exposure from atmospheric deposition, as well as policy-makers and students.
Author : J.W. Erisman
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080525884
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (258 download)
Download or read book Acid Rain Research: Do We Have Enough Answers? written by J.W. Erisman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-06-28 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Representing the Proceedings of the International Speciality Conference "Acid Rain Research; Do we have enough answers?", this book provides a valuable conclusion to the coordinated research on acidification in the Netherlands from 1985 to 1994. The book focuses on atmospheric deposition, effects of acid deposition on forest ecosystems in the Netherlands, and future acidification research. Special attention is given to: trace gases; ammonia; and particle deposition; and the overall assessment of deposition loads to ecosystems and soils is also discussed. This volume will be invaluable to environmental scientists, ecologists, and those involved in atmospheric science/pollution.
Author : Karin Hansen
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128055316
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Forest Monitoring written by Karin Hansen and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-03-16 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric deposition is an important source of macro- and micronutrients to the forest and also the most important channel for input of long-range air pollutants. This chapter describes the methods used for the determination of atmospheric deposition, especially in rain and snow, in forest ecosystems, including samplers for open-field bulk precipitation, throughfall, and stemflow. These measurements can be used to quantify deposition to forests, to evaluate trends in pollutant inputs, and as inputs to modeling of canopy exchange processes, acidification and eutrophication. A major difficulty in throughfall measurement is high spatial and temporal variations, so that great care must be taken to ensure that samples are representative for the forest stand. Care must also be taken to minimize chemical and biological transformations in the samples. Deposition measurements have contributed to policy development and will continue to do so.
Author : K. van der Hoek
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080984681
Total Pages : 813 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Nitrogen, the Confer-N-s written by K. van der Hoek and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 813 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First International Nitrogen Conference provided an opportunity for researchers and decision-makers to exchange information on environmental pollution by nitrogen compounds on three scales: global, continental/regional and local. The main topics were air, ground water and surface water pollution; emission sources, atmospheric chemistry, deposition processes and effects; disturbance of nitrogen cycles, critical loads and levels; assessments, policy development and evaluation; target groups and abatement techniques; and new approaches leading to an integrated abatement strategy. The peer-reviewed papers from the Conference presented in this volume will provide readers with a comprehensive review of the transport, deposition and impact on ecosystems of nitrogen.
Author : Per Nørnberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Process Studies in Ecosystems on Poor Sandy Soils written by Per Nørnberg and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. Alcamo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400909233
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Atmospheric Computations to Assess Acidification in Europe written by J. Alcamo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE WARSAW II MEETING ON ATMOSPHERIC COMPUTATIONS TO ASSESS ACIDIFICATION IN EUROPE JOSEPH ALCAMO and JERZY BARTNICKI International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria (Received June 1, 1988; revised June 20, 1988) Abstract. Three topics are discussed in this report: sensitivity/uncertainty analysis of long range transport models, the interface between atmospheric models of different scales, and linkage between atmospheric and ecological models. In separate analyses oflong range transport models, it was found that uncertainty of annual S deposition was mostly affected by uncertainty of wind velocity, mixing height and wet deposition parameterization. Uncertain parameters collectively caused S deposition errors of around 10-25% (coefficient of variation) in the models examined. The effect of interannual meteorological variability on computed annual S deposition was relatively small. Different methods were presented for combining models of regional and interregional scale. It was found to be more important to include interregional information in regional-scale models for annual computations compared to episodic computations. A variety of linkage problems were noted between atmospheric and ecological models. The vertical distribution of pollutants and 'forest fittering' of pollutant deposition were found to be important in ecological impact calculations but lacking in the output of most interregional atmospheric models.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309179262
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Understanding Multiple Environmental Stresses written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-04-25 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research of the last decade has demonstrated that ecosystems and human systems are influenced by multiple factors, including climate, land use, and the by-products of resource use. Understanding the net impact of a suite of simultaneously occurring environmental changes is essential for developing effective response strategies. Using case studies on drought and a wide range of atmosphere-ecosystem interactions, a workshop was held in September 2005 to gather different perspectives on multiple stress scenarios. The overarching lesson of the workshop is that society will require new and improved strategies for coping with multiple stresses and their impacts on natural socioeconomic systems. Improved communication among stakeholders; increased observations (especially at regional scales); improved model and information systems; and increased infrastructure to provide better environmental monitoring, vulnerability assessment, and response analysis are all important parts of moving toward better understanding of and response to situations involving multiple stresses. During the workshop, seven near-term opportunities for research and infrastructure that could help advance understanding of multiple stresses were also identified.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Report of the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Osvaldo E. Sala
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780387987347
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Methods in Ecosystem Science written by Osvaldo E. Sala and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-08-11 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecology at the ecosystem level has both necessitated and benefited from new methods and technologies as well as those adapted from other disciplines. With the ascendancy of ecosystem science and management, the need has arisen for a comprehensive treatment of techniques used in this rapidly-growing field. Methods in Ecosystem Science answers that need by synthesizing the advantages, disadvantages and tradeoffs associated with the most commonly used techniques in both aquatic and terrestrial research. The book is divided into sections addressing carbon and energy dynamics, nutrient and water dynamics, manipulative ecosystem experiements and tools to synthesize our understanding of ecosystems. Detailed information about various methods will help researchers choose the most appropriate methods for their particular studies. Prominent scientists discuss how tools from a variety of disciplines can be used in ecosystem science at different scales.
Author : Gongbing Peng
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540674221
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)
Download or read book Environmental Modelling and Prediction written by Gongbing Peng and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-11-06 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the authors consider the natural environment as an integrated system. The physical, chemical and biological processes that govern the behaviour of the environmental system can thus be understood through mathematical modelling, and their evolution can be studied by means of numerical simulation. The book contains a summary of various efficient approaches in atmospheric prediction, such as numerical weather prediction and statistical forecast of climate change, as well as other successful methods in land surface modelling. The authors explore new theories and methods in environment prediction such as systems analysis and information theory. Attention is given to new achievements in remote sensing tele-metering and geographic information systems.
Author : A. Teller
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401128669
Total Pages : 1019 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes written by A. Teller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1019 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book arises out of a symposium on forest and woodland terrestrial ecosystems which was held in Florence on 20-24th May 1991. It was organised jointly by the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) and the European Science Foundation (ESF) in association with the Italian Research Council (CNR). The symposium brQughUogether most -Of the internationally recognized groups working on forest ecosystems including biologists, botanists, ecologists, soil scientists, modellers, foresters and policy makers. All the CEC countries were represented. In addition, there was a broad audience from Eastern and Central Europe and from EFfA countries. Outstanding experts from outside Europe (US, Australia, Canada, Japan, China, etc.) were also present. In total, the symposium was attended by more than 500 participants. The structure of this book reflects the main elements of the meeting. As such it includes three main sections. The first consists of six major state-of-the-art reviews corresponding to the six plenary sessions, each followed by a discussion which has been summarized by rapporteurs. The reviews were prepared to assess critically the state of current knowledge in ecosystem research and to provide a scientific basis both for policy decisions and for further research.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 832 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Ecological Research Series written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : W K Michener
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482272504
Total Pages : 582 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)
Download or read book Environmental Information Management And Analysis written by W K Michener and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-08-08 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most environmental studies are based upon data collected at fine spatial scales plots, sediments, cores, etc.. Furthermore, temporal scales of these studies have been relatively short days, weeks, months and few studies have exceeded three years duration the typical funding cycle.; Despite this history, environmental scientists are now being called
