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Modelling Of Radionuclide Transport Along The Underground Access Structures Of Deep Geological Respositories
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Book Synopsis Modelling of Radionuclide Transport Along the Underground Access Structures of Deep Geological Repositories by : A. Poller
Download or read book Modelling of Radionuclide Transport Along the Underground Access Structures of Deep Geological Repositories written by A. Poller and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modelling of radionuclide transport along the underground access, structures of deep geological respositories by : A. Poller
Download or read book Modelling of radionuclide transport along the underground access, structures of deep geological respositories written by A. Poller and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media Publisher :OECD Publishing ISBN 13 : Total Pages :324 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Confidence in Models of Radionuclide Transport for Site-specific Assessments by : NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media
Download or read book Confidence in Models of Radionuclide Transport for Site-specific Assessments written by NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ThIS fourth GEOTRAP workshop, Confidence in Models of Radionuclide Transport for Site-specific Performance Assessment held in June 1999, addressed the issue of technical confidence building and provided an overview of current developments in this field.
Book Synopsis Use of Natural Analogues to Support Radionuclide Transport Models for Deep Geological Repositories for Long Lived Radioactive Wastes by :
Download or read book Use of Natural Analogues to Support Radionuclide Transport Models for Deep Geological Repositories for Long Lived Radioactive Wastes written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Disposition of High-Level Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel by : National Research Council
Download or read book Disposition of High-Level Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-05 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focused attention by world leaders is needed to address the substantial challenges posed by disposal of spent nuclear fuel from reactors and high-level radioactive waste from processing such fuel. The biggest challenges in achieving safe and secure storage and permanent waste disposal are societal, although technical challenges remain. Disposition of radioactive wastes in a deep geological repository is a sound approach as long as it progresses through a stepwise decision-making process that takes advantage of technical advances, public participation, and international cooperation. Written for concerned citizens as well as policymakers, this book was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and waste management organizations in eight other countries.
Book Synopsis Radionuclide Transport in Geologic Waste Repository by : Daisuke Kawasaki
Download or read book Radionuclide Transport in Geologic Waste Repository written by Daisuke Kawasaki and published by VDM Publishing. This book was released on 2008-05 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyses of radionuclide transport in geologic radioactive waste repository are made for a water-saturated repository and an unsaturated repository. To deal with the transport problem at the repository scale with multiple nuclide sources, compartment models are developed. The models allow us to observe the effects of repository layout on the performance of waste disposal system, and thus can be applied for making comparisons among various designs of repository layout. Residence times of radionuclides in individual components are found to be the key parameters in the present analysis, and the peak concentration of the radionuclide in the groundwater is formulated in terms of the residence times. Compartment models are further developed in integration with stochastic processes in order to reflect two- and three-dimensional transport and to incorporate residence time distributions obtained from an analysis at a sub-compartment scale. The models and the analysis should be useful to researchers engaged in performance assessment of radioactive waste repository as well as environmental scientists modeling contaminant transport in groundwater.
Book Synopsis Processes and Parameters Involved in Modeling Radionuclide Transport from Bedded Salt Repositories. Final Report. Technical Memorandum by :
Download or read book Processes and Parameters Involved in Modeling Radionuclide Transport from Bedded Salt Repositories. Final Report. Technical Memorandum written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The parameters necessary to model radionuclide transport in salt beds are identified and described. A proposed plan for disposal of the radioactive wastes generated by nuclear power plants is to store waste canisters in repository sites contained in stable salt formations approximately 600 meters below the ground surface. Among the principal radioactive wastes contained in these canisters will be radioactive isotopes of neptunium, americium, uranium, and plutonium along with many highly radioactive fission products. A concern with this form of waste disposal is the possibility of ground-water flow occurring in the salt beds and endangering water supplies and the public health. Specifically, the research investigated the processes involved in the movement of radioactive wastes from the repository site by groundwater flow. Since the radioactive waste canisters also generate heat, temperature is an important factor. Among the processes affecting movement of radioactive wastes from a repository site in a salt bed are thermal conduction, groundwater movement, ion exchange, radioactive decay, dissolution and precipitation of salt, dispersion and diffusion, adsorption, and thermomigration. In addition, structural changes in the salt beds as a result of temperature changes are important. Based upon the half-lives of the radioactive wastes, he period of concern is on the order of a million years. As a result, major geologic phenomena that could affect both the salt bed and groundwater flow in the salt beds was considered. These phenomena include items such as volcanism, faulting, erosion, glaciation, and the impact of meteorites. CDM reviewed all of the critical processes involved in regional groundwater movement of radioactive wastes and identified and described the parameters that must be included to mathematically model their behavior. In addition, CDM briefly reviewed available echniques to measure these parameters.
Author :Svensk kärnbränslehantering AB. Publisher :Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ISBN 13 : Total Pages :284 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Radionuclide Retention in Geologic Media by : Svensk kärnbränslehantering AB.
Download or read book Radionuclide Retention in Geologic Media written by Svensk kärnbränslehantering AB. and published by Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. This book was released on 2002 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GEOTRAP is the OECD/NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media carried out in the context of site evaluation and safety assessment of deep repository systems for long-lived radioactive waste. Retention of radionuclides within the geosphere for prolonged periods is an important safety function of deep geologic disposal concepts for radioactive waste. The extent to which retention processes can be relied upon in repository performance assessment depends upon the existence of well-established theoretical bases for the processes. It also depends on support for the opera.
Book Synopsis Cutoff Modelling for Excavation Sealing in Underground Nuclear Waste Repositories by : Pushpendra Sharma
Download or read book Cutoff Modelling for Excavation Sealing in Underground Nuclear Waste Repositories written by Pushpendra Sharma and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When placement rooms in a deep geological repository are constructed, different excavation damage zones (EDZs) with connected fractures (inner excavation damage zone - EDZi) close to the excavation surface and disconnected fractures (outer excavation damage zone - EDZo) further away form. A cutoff is an excavation constructed perpendicular to the placement room axis that creates a cross-sectional enlargement of the excavation, which when filled with a sealing material such as bentonite, seals the EDZi to minimize radionuclides transport through this zone. This research developed a framework to help determine the dimension and shape of an optimum cutoff, examining a wide range of geological scenarios using continuum numerical modelling. In the first stage, dimensions of different EDZs induced due to the excavation of the placement room were determined. In the second stage, based on the dimensions of EDZi from the first stage, rectangular, triangular, and trapezoidal cutoffs with different dimensions under different geological settings were constructed. In the third stage, the effect of different variants such as shape and orientation of placement room, rock mass properties and anisotropy, and heat from the nuclear fuel on the extent of EDZi around the optimum cutoff was studied. The depth of EDZs was predicted based on the sign and magnitude of volumetric strain inside the plastic zone from the numerical model. The extent of EDZs increases with an increase in the ratio of maximum stress around the excavation to the strength of the rock mass. The trapezoidal shaped cutoff, with a minimum thickness to depth (aspect) ratio (0.2), was found to be the optimum in this study based on its ability to induce a minimum increase in the EDZi after the construction of the cutoff. The radial extent of EDZi for the optimum cutoff is smaller for the granite followed by limestone and mudstone. The radial extent of EDZi for the optimum cutoff is lower for the limestone and mudstone with the absence of bedding planes compared to when bedding planes are present. Furthermore, for the given stress situation in this study, the radial extent of EDZi for the optimum cutoff for the horizontal placement room and vertical room (shaft) is found approximately equal. The radial extent of EDZi for the optimum cutoff for a circular placement room is smaller than the rectangular placement room. Finally, a maximum temperature of 64 oC at the cutoff increases from the mechanical only model the radial extent of EDZi and EDZo by 72 cm and 61 cm, respectively. This study helps in understanding excavation damage zones and designing cutoff for underground excavations, especially in underground nuclear waste repositories.
Book Synopsis Modeling Radionuclide Transport in Clays by :
Download or read book Modeling Radionuclide Transport in Clays written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clay/shale has been considered as potential host rock for geological disposal of high-level nuclear waste throughout the world, because of its low permeability, low diffusion coefficient, high retention capacity for radionuclides, and capability to self-seal fractures induced by tunnel excavation. For example, Callovo-Oxfordian argillites at the Bure site, France (Fouche et al., 2004), Toarcian argillites at the Tournemire site, France (Patriarche et al., 2004), Opalinus Clay at the Mont Terri site, Switzerland (Meier et al., 2000), and Boom clay at the Mol site, Belgium (Barnichon and Volckaert, 2003) have all been under intensive scientific investigation (at both field and laboratory scales) for understanding a variety of rock properties and their relationships to flow and transport processes associated with geological disposal of nuclear waste. Clay/shale formations may be generally classified as indurated or plastic clays (Tsang and Hudson, 2010). The latter (including Boom clay) is a softer material without high cohesion; its deformation is dominantly plastic. During the lifespan of a clay repository, the repository performance is affected by complex thermal, hydrogeological, mechanical, chemical (THMC) processes, such as heat release due to radionuclide decay, multiphase flow, formation of damage zones, radionuclide transport, waste dissolution, and chemical reactions. All these processes are related to each other. An in-depth understanding of these coupled processes is critical for the performance assessment (PA) of the repository. These coupled processes may affect radionuclide transport by changing transport paths (e.g., formation and evolution of excavation damaged zone (EDZ)) and altering flow, mineral, and mechanical properties that are related to radionuclide transport. While radionuclide transport in clay formation has been studied using laboratory tests (e, g, Appelo et al. 2010, Garcia-Gutierrez et al., 2008, Maes et al., 2008), short-term field tests (e.g. Garcia-Gutierrez et al. 2006, Soler et al. 2008, van Loon et al. 2004, Wu et al. 2009) and numerical modeling (de Windt et al. 2003; 2006), the effects of THMC processes on radionuclide transport are not fully investigated. The objectives of the research activity documented in this report are to improve a modeling capability for coupled THMC processes and to use it to evaluate the THMC impacts on radionuclide transport. This research activity addresses several key Features, Events and Processes (FEPs), including FEP 2.2.08, Hydrologic Processes, FEP 2.2.07, Mechanical Processes and FEP 2.2.09, Chemical Process-- Transport, by studying near-field coupled THMC processes in clay/shale repositories and their impacts on radionuclide transport. This report documents the progress that has been made in FY12. Section 2 discusses the development of THMC modeling capability. Section 3 reports modeling results of THMC impacts on radionuclide transport. Planned work for the remaining months of FY12 and proposed work for FY13 are presented in Section 4.
Book Synopsis Computer Simulation of Radionuclide Transport Through Thermal Convection of Groundwater from Borehole Repositories by :
Download or read book Computer Simulation of Radionuclide Transport Through Thermal Convection of Groundwater from Borehole Repositories written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results are presented of numerical modeling of radionuclide transport by thermal convection of groundwater from a single well repository of high level waste. Because the problem possesses cylindrical symmetry, the process is described by a system of 2-D transient equations for momentum, convective heat transfer and convective mass transfer (taking into account hydrodynamic dispersion and radionuclide decay). Results of computer simulations for a selected range of system parameters were generalized by approximating analytical relationship, which can be used for safety assessment of a radioactive waste repository. The problem of the reciprocal relationship between thermoconvective transport processes and well spacing in an underground repository with a regularly spaced set of the waste-loaded wells is examined using a two-well model as an example. In this case, the transport problem becomes three-dimensional. A solution to this problem was obtained using a special system of orthogonal coordinates, which simplifies the computational algorithm and enhances accuracy. It is shown that thermoconvective transport of radionuclides in the vicinity of each well can be considered to be independent at well separations of the order of 100 m when reasonable values of other repository parameters are assumed.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Basis for the Geological Disposal of Radioactive Wastes by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Basis for the Geological Disposal of Radioactive Wastes written by and published by Technical Reports Series. This book was released on 2003 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report focuses on the different functions of a repository within its life cycle and describes the processes relevant to the containment of long lived radioactive waste and other criteria influencing the long term integrity of the repository. It emphasizes the central role of safety and the importance of safety/performance assessments in the decision making process during repository development.
Book Synopsis Radioactive Waste Confinement by : S. Norris
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Confinement written by S. Norris and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2017-05-04 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is internationally accepted that the safest and most sustainable option for managing radioactive waste is geological disposal, utilizing both engineering and geology to isolate the waste and contain the radioactivity. This Special Publication contains 25 scientific studies presented at the 6th conference on ‘Clays in natural and engineered barriers for radioactive waste confinement’ held in Brussels, Belgium in 2015. The conference and this resulting volume cover many of the aspects of clay characterization and behaviour considered at various temporal and spatial scales relevant to the confinement of radionuclides in clay, from basic phenomenological process descriptions to the global understanding of performance and safety at repository and geological scales. The papers in this volume consider research into argillaceous media under the following topic areas: large-scale geological characterization; general strategy for clay-based disposal systems; geomechanics; mass transfer; bentonite evolution and gas transfer. The collection of different topics presented in this Special Publication demonstrates the diversity of geological repository research.
Author :H. C. Burkholder Publisher :Pinawa, Man. : Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment ISBN 13 : Total Pages :36 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (31 download)
Book Synopsis A Model for the Transport of Radionuclides and Their Decay Products Through Geologic Media by : H. C. Burkholder
Download or read book A Model for the Transport of Radionuclides and Their Decay Products Through Geologic Media written by H. C. Burkholder and published by Pinawa, Man. : Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment. This book was released on 1979 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mathematical Modeling and Evaluation of Radionuclide Transport Parameters from the ANL Laboratory Analog Program by :
Download or read book Mathematical Modeling and Evaluation of Radionuclide Transport Parameters from the ANL Laboratory Analog Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer model simulation is required to evaluate the performance of proposed or future high-level radioactive waste geological repositories. However, the accuracy of a model in predicting the real situation depends on how well the values of the transport properties are prescribed as input parameters. Knowledge of transport parameters is therefore essential. We have modeled ANL's Experiment Analog Program which was designed to simulate long-term radwaste migration process by groundwater flowing through a high-level radioactive waste repository. Using this model and experimental measurements, we have evaluated neptunium (actinide) deposition velocity and analyzed the complex phenomena of simultaneous deposition, erosion, and reentrainment of bentonite when groundwater is flowing through a narrow crack in a basalt rock. The present modeling demonstrates that we can obtain the values of transport parameters, as added information without any additional cost, from the available measurements of laboratory analog experiments. 8 figures, 3 tables.
Book Synopsis Modelling of Near-field Radionuclide Transport Phenomena in a KBS-3V Type of Repository for Nuclear Waste with Goldsim Code - and Verification Against Previous Methods by : Veli-Matti Pulkkanen
Download or read book Modelling of Near-field Radionuclide Transport Phenomena in a KBS-3V Type of Repository for Nuclear Waste with Goldsim Code - and Verification Against Previous Methods written by Veli-Matti Pulkkanen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conceptual Model for Regional Radionuclide Transport from a Salt Dome Repository by :
Download or read book Conceptual Model for Regional Radionuclide Transport from a Salt Dome Repository written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disposal of high-level radioactive wastes is a major environmental problem influencing further development of nuclear energy in this country. Salt domes in the Gulf Coast Basin are being investigated as repository sites. A major concern is geologic and hydrologic stability of candidate domes and potential transport of radionuclides by groundwater to the biosphere prior to their degradation to harmless levels of activity. This report conceptualizes a regional geohydrologic model for transport of radionuclides from a salt dome repository. The model considers transport pathways and the physical and chemical changes that would occur through time prior to the radionuclides reaching the biosphere. Necessary, but unknown inputs to the regional model involve entry and movement of fluids through the repository dome and across the dome-country rock interface and the effect on the dome and surrounding strata of heat generated by the radioactive wastes.
