Integrated Forest Biorefineries

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Author :
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1849735069
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (497 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrated Forest Biorefineries by : Lew Christopher

Download or read book Integrated Forest Biorefineries written by Lew Christopher and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012-09-30 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book describes how bioprocessing and biotechnology could enhance the value extracted from wood-based lignocellulosic fiber by employing both biochemical and thermochemical conversion processes. It documents recent accomplishments and suggests future prospects for research and development of integrated forest biorefineries (IFBR) as the path forward for the pulp, paper and other fiber-processing industries. This is the only book to cover this area of high economic, social, and environmental importance. It is aimed at industrialists and academics from diverse science and engineering backgrounds including chemical and biotechnology companies, governmental and professional bodies, and scholarly societies. The Editor and contributors are internationally recognized scientists and many are leaders in their respective fields. The book starts with an introductory overview of the current state of biorefining and a justification for future developments. The next four chapters deal with social, economic and environmental issues related to regulations, biomass production and supply, process modelling, and life cycle analysis. Subsequent chapters focus on the extraction of biochemicals from biomass and their potential utilization to add value to the IFBR prior to pulping. The book then presents, compares and evaluates two types of forest biorefineries based on kraft and organosolv pulping. Finally, the book assess the potential of waste biomass and streams, such paper mill sludge and black liquor, to serve as feedstock for biofuel production and value-added biomaterials through both the biochemical and thermochemical routes of biomass bioprocessing. The economics of the described IFBR processes and products, and their environmental impact, is a major focus in most of the chapters. Practical examples are presented where relevant and applicable.

Design of Experiments in Chemical Engineering

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527604596
Total Pages : 620 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Design of Experiments in Chemical Engineering by : Zivorad R. Lazic

Download or read book Design of Experiments in Chemical Engineering written by Zivorad R. Lazic and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While existing books related to DOE are focused either on process or mixture factors or analyze specific tools from DOE science, this text is structured both horizontally and vertically, covering the three most common objectives of any experimental research: * screening designs * mathematical modeling, and * optimization. Written in a simple and lively manner and backed by current chemical product studies from all around the world, the book elucidates basic concepts of statistical methods, experiment design and optimization techniques as applied to chemistry and chemical engineering. Throughout, the focus is on unifying the theory and methodology of optimization with well-known statistical and experimental methods. The author draws on his own experience in research and development, resulting in a work that will assist students, scientists and engineers in using the concepts covered here in seeking optimum conditions for a chemical system or process. With 441 tables, 250 diagrams, as well as 200 examples drawn from current chemical product studies, this is an invaluable and convenient source of information for all those involved in process optimization.

The Fourth Marker

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Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781482506389
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fourth Marker by : L. Gibbons

Download or read book The Fourth Marker written by L. Gibbons and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-05-14 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a supernatural undercurrent, The Fourth Marker is the story of an elderly man, Gabriel Townsend, whose spirit is being crushed between the metaphoric anvil of his pragmatic views and the falling hammer of his wife's pending death. The story revolves around a family, the Townsends, whose heritage is partly Native American.The United States' Indian Removal Act of 1830, which resulted in the Trail of Tears episode in American history, required all indigenous people, with few exceptions, to leave their tribal lands in the southeast and east, along the eastern seaboard. Some Lenape (Delaware) tribal members on the Delmarva Peninsula as well as other areas in the east, defied the government and remained on their ancestral lands, hiding from authorities in the Great Pocomoke Forest, outlying islands, and swamps on the southern peninsula.A conscious decision to "hide in plain sight" or not, they eventually intermarried and bred with local whites, African-Americans, and mulattoes. Many families whose ties to Delmarva date back a hundred years or more share a heritage with those aboriginal people; however, the prejudice and racial bias of a bygone era caused many to ignore – even deny – their lineage.In the story, while a child on the family farm during the Great Depression, Gabe Townsend rejected legends of his Native American ancestors and ignored miraculous cures of family members. Gabe's half-breed grandfather, Noopah, tried to teach him tribal legends and the old ways, explaining that, after most Indians had been killed or driven from their lands by the Army and settlers, tribal elders returned to their lands in spirit form after their deaths. They dwelled at a sacred hill on the family's land and protected their descendants from early death and white man's diseases.During those years, three family members were cured of life-threatening diseases, but Gabe's mother blindly credited their recoveries to the nascent field of modern medicine. After each recovery, a person of evil character and not of tribal blood disappeared, followed by the mysterious appearance of a wood marker on the sacred tribal hill. Yet, despite those events and Noopah's words, Gabe adhered to his mother's intractable views.Now facing the loss of his wife, he relives his childhood memories, guided by the spirit of his grandfather from beyond – well beyond – the grave. Finally understanding the truth of long ago, he decides to beg the tribal spirits to take his life in exchange for his wife's, aware that a fourth marker would signify his own life – and death.As Gabe's father noted, "some understand only what they see; others see only what they understand." The Fourth Marker highlights this most human of vices against the backdrop of Native American legends with ample helpings of farm life during the Great Depression.