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Modelisation Et Diagnostic Dun Bassin Versant De Type Mediterraneen
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Book Synopsis Modélisation et diagnostic d'un bassin versant de type Méditerranéen by : Frédérik Thiery
Download or read book Modélisation et diagnostic d'un bassin versant de type Méditerranéen written by Frédérik Thiery and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse portent sur la gestion du bassin versant méditerranéen de la Têt, principale rivière du département des Pyrénées-Orientales, sur une section comprise entre Perpignan et Canet-en-Roussillon. Les contributions de cette thèse se situent à plusieurs niveaux : 1) Développement d’un modèle d’aide à la décision, pluie/débit, comme outil de prédiction des débits de crues extrêmes : nous proposons un modèle basé sur un réseau de neurones de Elman qui permet la prédiction du débit de la rivière à Perpignan, au jour J+1, ainsi que les débits d’influents des stations d’épuration de Perpignan et de Canet, au jour J+1. 2) Classification des données qualitatives, représentatives de la rivière et des deux stations d’épurations situées sur la zone d’étude, à l’aide des cartes auto-organisatrices de Kohonen. Ceci permet notamment de mettre en évidence les corrélations des paramètres entre la rivière et les stations d’épuration. 3) Développement d’un modèle bilan matière permettant de quantifier l’impact des stations d’épuration sur le milieu naturel. Les paramètres fondamentaux nécessaire à cette étude sont l’azote, le carbone dissous et les phosphates. 4) Ces paramètres essentiels pour la modélisation sont difficilement accessibles par des mesures en ligne. Nous avons donc adapté le modèle de classification de Kohonen afin de compléter les données manquantes dans une base de données contenant ces paramètres.
Book Synopsis Design and evaluation of hydrological signatures for the diagnostic and improvement of a process-based distributed hydrological model by : Ivan Horner
Download or read book Design and evaluation of hydrological signatures for the diagnostic and improvement of a process-based distributed hydrological model written by Ivan Horner and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'évaluation des modèles hydrologiques est généralement basée sur des comparaisons des séries de débit observées et simulées à l'aide de critères de performance tels que le Nash-Sutcliffe Efficientcy. Bien que cette approach fournisse des mesures pertinentes de la performance prédictive d'un modèle, elle ne fournit que très peu d'informations sur les raisons d'une bonne ou d'une mauvaise performance. Gupta et al. (2008) ont proposé d'utiliser plutôt des signatures hydrologiques, des indicateurs qui caractérisent le comportement d'un bassin versant. Étant donné que les signatures hydrologiques peuvent être liées aux processus hydrologiques, la comparaison des signatures hydrologiques observées et simulées permet l'évaluation du modèle tout en offrant des diagnostics, i.e. des indications sur les processus hydrologiques qui y sont bien ou mal représentés.Dans cette thèse de doctorat, nous nous concentrons sur l'interprétation et le pouvoir diagnostique des signatures hydrologiques et comment celles-ci peuvent être utilisées pour guider l'amélioration d'un modèle distribué. Nous présentons la construction d'un jeu de signatures hydrologiques, utilisant uniquement des données largement disponibles - précipitations, débit et température de l'air - pour caractériser le fonctionnement hydrologique de 4 sous-bassins versants (Sud-Est de la France) et 10 bassins versants de montagne à influence nival (Southern Sierra, Californie, États-Unis). Des signatures hydrologiques existantes et des nouvelles sont sélectionnées et/ou développées. Collectivement, elles permettent de caractériser le comportement de bassins versants dans une grande variété de contextes hydro-climatiques. En nous concentrant sur les processus de neige, des mesures de neige supplémentaires nous permettent d'évaluer la pertinence des signatures hydrologiques dédiées aux processus nivaux. Par ailleurs, le modèle J2000 est déployé sur le bassin versant de l'Ardèche et une analyse de sensibilité est réalisée afin de comprendre comment les signatures hydrologiques sont liées aux paramètres du modèle. Cela nous permet de déterminer la façon dont elles doivent être interprétées dans le contexte du modèle J2000 de l'Ardèche et permet l'évaluation de leur pouvoir diagnostic. Enfin, en combinant les résultats de l'analyse de sensibilité avec des comparaisons entre signatures observées et simulées, nous entreprenons un diagnostic approfondi du modèle afin de dériver et tester des recommandations pour son amélioration. Nous identifions des déficiences du modèle, principalement liées au stockage de l'eau souterraine et des sols, mettant en évidence des problèmes de représentation spatiale des propriétés géologiques et pédologiques.
Book Synopsis Analyse et modélisation de l'influence de réseaux de fossés sur les échanges surface-souterrain en bassin versant méditerranéen by : Cécile Dagès
Download or read book Analyse et modélisation de l'influence de réseaux de fossés sur les échanges surface-souterrain en bassin versant méditerranéen written by Cécile Dagès and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'influence des fossés sur les échanges surface-souterrain pendant une crue est étudiée par voie expérimentale et par voie numérique à l’échelle d'un tronçon de fossé et à l’échelle d’un réseau de fossés dense. A l’échelle du tronçon est établi un schéma de fonctionnement du massif de sol non saturé et saturé sous le fossé engendré par l'infiltration. Une approche de modélisation darcienne des écoulements permet de reproduire l’ensemble des processus dans la zone non saturée comme dans la nappe. A l'échelle du réseau de fossé, est observée la dynamique tridimensionnelle induite par l'infiltration dans le réseau. Le calcul du bilan hydrologique sur une unité de paysage permet de démontrer que la part de la recharge concentrée des nappes peu profondes en contexte Méditerranéen est significative. En terme de modélisation il s’avère indispensable de développer une approche de modélisation tridimensionnelle des écoulements tenant compte d’un point de vue découpage de l'espace, des réseaux de fossés, et d’un point de vue représentation des processus, de la zone non saturée et de la nappe
Book Synopsis Mediterranean Coastal Lagoons by : S. Cataudella
Download or read book Mediterranean Coastal Lagoons written by S. Cataudella and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2015 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Mediterranean region hosts around 400 coastal lagoons, covering a surface of over 641 000 ha differing in both their typology and use. Fisheries and various forms of aquaculture have been traditionally carried out in Mediterranean coastal lagoons since ancient times and are part of the cultural heritage of the region. Traditional lagoon management linked to extensive aquaculture and fish harvesting has certainly contributed, over time, to preserve these peculiar ecosystems, although much of the coastal lagoon areas have progressively disappeared due to land reclamation and other uses. Recently, coastal lagoons have become a relevant environmental concern: land claiming, pollution and the lack of management, among other factors, have strongly modified both the structure and functioning of these sensitive coastal ecosystems. In particular, the management of traditional aquaculture and capture fisheries activities has been identified as the main instrument to maintain lagoons' ecological features and to prevent the degradation of their sensitive habitats, both from an environmental and socioeconomic point of view. To guarantee the sustainability of aquaculture and capture fisheries in lagoons, proper management plans should be established so as to ensure the preservation of both biodiversity and local knowledge. This should also be considered as a fundamental pillar for any programme aiming at the preservation and restoration of lagoons' environment."--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Predictions in Ungauged Basins by : Murugesu Sivapalan
Download or read book Predictions in Ungauged Basins written by Murugesu Sivapalan and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Manual on Low-flow Estimation and Prediction by :
Download or read book Manual on Low-flow Estimation and Prediction written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual's objective is to publish state-of-the-art analytical procedures for estimating and predicting low river flows at all sites, regardless of the availability of observational data. The manual will be useful for applications such as water resources planning, effluent dilution estimates and water resources management during low-flow conditions.--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Fire Effects on Soil Properties by : Paulo Pereira
Download or read book Fire Effects on Soil Properties written by Paulo Pereira and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2019-02-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildland fires are occurring more frequently and affecting more of Earth's surface than ever before. These fires affect the properties of soils and the processes by which they form, but the nature of these impacts has not been well understood. Given that healthy soil is necessary to sustain biodiversity, ecosystems and agriculture, the impact of fire on soil is a vital field of research. Fire Effects on Soil Properties brings together current research on the effects of fire on the physical, biological and chemical properties of soil. Written by over 60 international experts in the field, it includes examples from fire-prone areas across the world, dealing with ash, meso and macrofauna, smouldering fires, recurrent fires and management of fire-affected soils. It also describes current best practice methodologies for research and monitoring of fire effects and new methodologies for future research. This is the first time information on this topic has been presented in a single volume and the book will be an important reference for students, practitioners, managers and academics interested in the effects of fire on ecosystems, including soil scientists, geologists, forestry researchers and environmentalists.
Book Synopsis Water Quality Assessments by : Deborah V Chapman
Download or read book Water Quality Assessments written by Deborah V Chapman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-08-22 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guidebook, now thoroughly updated and revised in its second edition, gives comprehensive advice on the designing and setting up of monitoring programmes for the purpose of providing valid data for water quality assessments in all types of freshwater bodies. It is clearly and concisely written in order to provide the essential information for all agencies and individuals responsible for the water quality.
Book Synopsis Soil Erosion and Carbon Dynamics by : Eric J. Roose
Download or read book Soil Erosion and Carbon Dynamics written by Eric J. Roose and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-12-09 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most complete, nonpartisan source of information on this hot agronomic topic available today, this book brings together a diverse group of papers and data to resolve the debate between sedimentologists and soil scientists and agronomists over whether the effects of soil erosion on carbon and atmospheric CO2 is beneficial or destructive. Divided into four sections, it offers data on how soil erosion affects soil, water, and air quality. Topics include mineralization rate, inundation, sediment deposition, and global warming potential, as well as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions, and the implications of soil erosion on the global carbon cycle and carbon budget.
Book Synopsis Time Series Modelling of Water Resources and Environmental Systems by : K.W. Hipel
Download or read book Time Series Modelling of Water Resources and Environmental Systems written by K.W. Hipel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1994-04-07 with total page 1053 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive presentation of the theory and practice of time series modelling of environmental systems. A variety of time series models are explained and illustrated, including ARMA (autoregressive-moving average), nonstationary, long memory, three families of seasonal, multiple input-single output, intervention and multivariate ARMA models. Other topics in environmetrics covered in this book include time series analysis in decision making, estimating missing observations, simulation, the Hurst phenomenon, forecasting experiments and causality. Professionals working in fields overlapping with environmetrics - such as water resources engineers, environmental scientists, hydrologists, geophysicists, geographers, earth scientists and planners - will find this book a valuable resource. Equally, environmetrics, systems scientists, economists, mechanical engineers, chemical engineers, and management scientists will find the time series methods presented in this book useful.
Book Synopsis Modelling Soil Erosion by Water by : John Boardman
Download or read book Modelling Soil Erosion by Water written by John Boardman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TO THE MODEL EVALUATION 1. MODELLING SOIL EROSION BY WATER l 2 John Boardman and David Favis-Mortlock 1 School of Geography and Environmental Change Unit Mansfield Road University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TB UK 2 Environmental Change Unit University of Oxford 5 South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3UB UK Introduction This volume is the Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop 'Global Change: Modelling Soil Erosion by Water', which was held on II-14th September 1995, at the University of Oxford, UK. The meeting was also one of a series organised by the IGBP 1 GCTE Soil Erosion Network, which is a component of GCTE's Land Degradation Task (3.3.2) (Ingram et aI., 1996; Valentin, this volume). One aim of the GCTE Soil Erosion Network is to evaluate the suitability of existing soil erosion models for predicting the possible impacts of global change upon soil erosion. Due to the wide range of erosion models currently, in use or under development, it was decided to evaluate models in the following sequence Favis-Mortlock et al., 1996): • field-scale water erosion models • catchmenr-scale water erosion models • wind erosion models • models with a landscape-scale and larger focus. As part of this strategy, the first stage of the GCTE validation of field-scale erosion models was carried out at the Oxford NATO-ARW. I A list of Acronyms fonns Appendix A.
Book Synopsis Water & Heritage by : Willem Willems
Download or read book Water & Heritage written by Willem Willems and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-15 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water is vital for life, and its availability has been a concern for mankind throughout the ages. Its presence has always been ascertained in a variety of ways and the development of human society everywhere is connected with various forms of water management. Man also needed to manage water to find protection from its dangers and the need for that is increasing. In the coming decades, the impact of climate change is expected to intensify floods and droughts, affect groundwater resources, raise sea levels, increase pollution and enhance the frequency and magnitude of disasters. Societies around the world are challenged to adapt to these threats to ensure water security, economic prosperity and environmental and cultural sustainability. This book deals with the heritage of water management and the use that was made of water, as well as the impact of water management on heritage. An example of the former may be an ancient irrigation system in the Filipines or in the Middle East that still functions today, while the latter may reflect the importance of maintaining groundwater levels for the preservation of organic remains on archaeological sites or of wooden piles underneath standing buildings. In either case the papers in this book reflect the dynamic nature of water, and hence the equally dynamic relation between water management and heritage. This publication follows up on a Heritage and Water conference in Amsterdam, the first of its kind. Its main purpose is to credibly present the importance and value of heritage and historical experience for water and sustainable development, and vice versa, present the importance of water management for the protection of heritage. It presents evolving insights and concepts about Water and about Heritage from a variety of disciplines, policy and public perspectives illustrated with cases studies and aims to connect decision makers with experts such as engineers, archaeologists, historians, geographers, ecologist and landscape architects
Book Synopsis Predicting Soil Erosion by Water by : Kenneth G. Renard
Download or read book Predicting Soil Erosion by Water written by Kenneth G. Renard and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction and history; Rainfall-runoff erosivity factor (R); Soil erodibility factor (K); Slope length and steepness factors (LS); Cover-management factor (C); Support practice factor (P); RUSLE user guide; Coversion to SI metric system; Calculation of EI from recording-raingage records; Estimating random roughness in the field; Parameter values for major agricultural crops and tillage operations.
Author :Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Publisher :Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : Sold by OECD Publications and Information Center] ISBN 13 : Total Pages :162 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Eutrophication of Waters by : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Download or read book Eutrophication of Waters written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : Sold by OECD Publications and Information Center]. This book was released on 1982 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Principles of Forest Hydrology by : John D. Hewlett
Download or read book Principles of Forest Hydrology written by John D. Hewlett and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Students and professors of hydrology, ecology, land-use management, forest and range management, soil science, physical geography, soil and water conservation, and watershed management will welcome this revision of the 1969 edition of An Outline of Forest Hydrology by John D. Hewlett and Wade L. Nutter. The student pursuing a career in forest and wildland resources soon learns that no science is more fundamental to the art of land management than hydrology, but hydrology as a science traditionally has been subordinated to hydrology as technique. Older texts have focused on methods and applications to the exclusion of principle, occasionally leaving the hydrological effects of land use and vegetation to be interpreted from techniques rather than from knowledge of process. Soil, atmospheric, and vegetal phases of the hydrologic cycle of have neglected in many texts intended for the college student. Hewlett’s new book focuses on natural processes and is intended to guide further study and to serve as a base for class lectures. The subject matter is organized to introduce key ideas and principles and to provide consistent terminology and clear graphic material to aid the student in comprehending the complex literature of hydrology.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Erosion Modelling by : R. P. C. Morgan
Download or read book Handbook of Erosion Modelling written by R. P. C. Morgan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-13 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The movement of sediment and associated pollutants over thelandscape and into water bodies is of increasing concern withrespect to pollution control, prevention of muddy floods andenvironmental protection. In addition, the loss of soil on site hasimplications for declining agricultural productivity, loss ofbiodiversity and decreased amenity and landscape value. The fate ofsediment and the conservation of soil are important issues for landmanagers and decision-makers. In developing appropriate policiesand solutions, managers and researchers are making greater use oferosion models to characterise the processes of erosion and theirinteraction with the landscape. A study of erosion requires one to think in terms ofmicroseconds to understand the mechanics of impact of a singleraindrop on a soil surface, while landscapes form over periods ofthousands of years. These processes operate on scales ofmillimetres for single raindrops to mega-metres for continents.Erosion modelling thus covers quite a lot of ground. This bookintroduces the conceptual and mathematical frameworks used toformulate models of soil erosion and uses case studies to show howmodels are applied to a variety of purposes at a range of spatialand temporal scales. The aim is to provide land managers and otherswith the tools required to select a model appropriate to the typeand scale of erosion problem, to show what users can expect interms of accuracy of model predictions and to provide anappreciation of both the advantages and limitations of models.Problems covered include those arising from agriculture, theconstruction industry, pollution and climatic change and range inscale from farms to small and large catchments. The book will alsobe useful to students and research scientists as an up-to-datereview of the state-of-art of erosion modelling and, through aknowledge of how models are used in practice, in highlighting thegaps in knowledge that need to be filled in order to develop evenbetter models.
Book Synopsis Improving Soil Fertility Recommendations in Africa using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) by : Job Kihara
Download or read book Improving Soil Fertility Recommendations in Africa using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) written by Job Kihara and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-12 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book gives a detailed description of the application of DSSAT in simulating crop and soil processes within various Agro-ecological zones in Africa. The book, an output of a series of 3 workshops, provides examples of the application of DSSAT models to simulate nitrogen applications, soil and water conservation practices including effects of zai technology, phosphorus and maize productivity, generation of genetic coefficients, long-term soil fertility management technologies in the drylands, microdosing, optimization of nitrogen x germplasms x water, spatial analysis of water and nutrient use efficiencies and, tradeoff analysis. The minimum dataset requirements for DSSAT is discussed. This book arises from attempts to address the limited use of models in decision support by African agricultural (both soil scientist and agronomists) scientists.
