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Modeling Of Selective Catalytic Reduction Scr Of Nitric Oxide With Ammonia Using Four Modern Catalysts
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Book Synopsis Modeling of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia Using Four Modern Catalysts by : Giriraj Sharma
Download or read book Modeling of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia Using Four Modern Catalysts written by Giriraj Sharma and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, the steady-state performance of zeolite-based Cu-ZSM-5, vanadium based honeycomb monolith catalysts (V), vanadium-titanium based pillared inter layered clay catalyst (V-Ti PLIC) and vanadium-titanium-tungsten-based honeycomb monolith catalysts (V-Ti-W) was investigated in the selective catalytic reduction process (SCR) for NO removal using NH3 in presence of oxygen. The objective is to obtain the expression that would predict the conversion performance of the catalysts for different values of the SCR process parameters, namely temperature, inlet oxygen concentration and inlet ammonia concentration. The NO[subscript]x emission, its formation and control methods are discussed briefly and then the fundamentals of the SCR process are described. Heat transfer based and chemical kinetics based SCR process models are discussed and widely used rate order based model are reviewed. Based on the experimental data, regression analysis was performed that gives an expression for predicting the SCR rate for the complete temperature range and the rate order with respect to inlet oxygen and ammonia concentration. The average activation energy for the SCR process was calculated and optimum operating conditions were determined for each of the catalyst. The applicable operating range for the catalyst depends on the NO conversion as well as on the ammonia slip and the N2O and NO2 emission. The regression analysis was repeated for the applicable range and an expression was obtained that can be used to estimate the catalyst performance. For the Cu-ZSM-5, the best performance was observed for 400°C, 660 ppm inlet ammonia concentration and 0.1% inlet oxygen concentration. For the V based honeycomb monolith catalyst, the best performance was observed for 300°C, 264 ppm inlet ammonia concentration and 3% inlet oxygen concentration. For the V-Ti based PLIC catalyst, the best performance was observed for 350°C, 330 ppm inlet ammonia concentration and 3% inlet oxygen concentration. For the V-Ti-W based honeycomb monolith catalyst, the best performance was observed for 300°C, 330 ppm inlet ammonia concentration and 3% inlet oxygen concentration. The conversion performance of all of these catalysts is satisfactory for the industrial application. At the operating conditions listed above, the N2O emission is less than 20 ppm and the NO2 emission is less than 10 ppm. The results were validated by comparing the findings with the similar work by other research groups. The mechanism of SCR process is discussed for each of the catalyst. The probable reactions are listed and adsorption and desorption process are studied. The various mechanisms proposed by the researchers are discussed briefly. It is concluded that V-Ti-W and Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst are very promising for SCR of NO[subscript]x. The expressions can be used to estimate the conversion performance and can be utilized for optimal design and operation. The expressions relate the SCR rate to the input parameters such as temperature and inlet oxygen and ammonia concentration hence by controlling these parameters desired NO[subscript]x reduction can be achieved with minimal cost and emission.
Book Synopsis The Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia by : Hans Bosch
Download or read book The Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia written by Hans Bosch and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of Nitric Oxide (NO) with Ammonia Over Vanadia-based and Pillared Interlayer Clay-based Catalysts by : Hyuk Jin Oh
Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of Nitric Oxide (NO) with Ammonia Over Vanadia-based and Pillared Interlayer Clay-based Catalysts written by Hyuk Jin Oh and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) with ammonia over vanadia-based (V2O5-WO3/TiO2) and pillared interlayer clay-based (V2O5/Ti-PILC) monolithic honeycomb catalysts using a laboratory laminar-flow reactor was investigated. The experiments used a number of gas compositions to simulate different combustion gases. A Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer was used to determine the concentrations of the product species. The major products were nitric oxide (NO), ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The aim was to delineate the effect of various parameters including reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, NH3-to-NO ratio, space velocity, heating area, catalyst arrangement, and vanadium coating on the removal of nitric oxide. The investigation showed that the change of the parameters significantly affected the removals of NO and NH3 species, the residual NH3 concentration (or NH3 slip), the temperature of the maximum NO reduction, and the temperature of complete NH3 conversion. The reaction temperature was increased from the ambient temperature (25°C) to 450°C. For both catalysts, high NO and NH3 removals were obtained in the presence of a small amount of oxygen, but no significant influence was observed from 0.1 to 3.0% O2. An increase in NH3-to-NO ratio increased NO reduction but decreased NH3 conversions. For V2O5-WO3/TiO2, the decrease of space velocity increased NO and NH3 removals and broadened the active temperature window (based on NO> 88% and NH3> 87%) about 50°C. An increase in heating area decreased the reaction temperature of the maximum NO reduction from 350 to 300 ʻC, and caused the active reaction temperature window (between 250 and 400 ʻC) to shift toward 50 ʻC lower reaction temperatures (between 200 and 350°C). The change of catalyst arrangements resulted slight improvement for NO and NH3 removals, therefore, the change might contribute to more gas removals. The catalyst with extra vanadium coating showed higher NO reductions and NH3 conversions than the catalyst without the extra vanadium coating.
Book Synopsis Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia Using Cu-ZSM-5 and Va-based Honeycomb Monolith Catalysts by : Saurabh Gupta
Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia Using Cu-ZSM-5 and Va-based Honeycomb Monolith Catalysts written by Saurabh Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, the steady-state performance of zeolite-based (Cu-ZSM-5) and vanadium-based honeycomb monolith catalysts was investigated in the selective catalytic reduction process (SCR) for NO removal using NH3. The aim was to delineate the effect of various parameters including pretreatment of the catalyst sample with H2, NH3-to-NO ratio, inlet oxygen concentration, and space velocity. The concentrations of the species (e.g. NO, NH3, and others) were determined using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The temperature was varied from ambient (25 C) to 500 C. The investigation showed that all of the above parameters (except pre-treatment with H2) significantly affected the peak NO reduction, the temperature at which peak NO reduction occurred, and residual ammonia left at higher temperatures (also known as 'NH3 slip'). Depending upon the particular values of the parameters, a peak NO reduction of around 90% was obtained for both the catalysts. However, an accompanied generation of N2O and NO2 species was observed as well, being much higher for the vanadium-based catalyst than for the Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst. For both catalysts, the peak NO reduction decreased with an increase in space velocity, and did not change significantly with an increase in oxygen concentration. The temperatures at which peak NO reduction and complete NH3 removal occurred increased with an increase in space velocity but decreased with an increase in oxygen concentration. The presence of more ammonia at the inlet (i.e. higher NH3-to-NO ratio) improved the peak NO reduction but simultaneously resulted in an increase in residual ammonia. Pretreatment of the catalyst sample with H2 (performed only for the Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst) did not produce any perceivable difference in any of the results for the conditions of these experiments.
Book Synopsis Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts by : Isabella Nova
Download or read book Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts written by Isabella Nova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts presents a complete overview of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia/urea. The book starts with an illustration of the technology in the framework of the current context (legislation, market, system configurations), covers the fundamental aspects of the SCR process (catalysts, chemistry, mechanism, kinetics) and analyzes its application to useful topics such as modeling of full scale monolith catalysts, control aspects, ammonia injections systems and integration with other devices for combined removal of pollutants.
Book Synopsis The Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia by : Franciscus Johannes Josephus Gerardus Janssen
Download or read book The Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia written by Franciscus Johannes Josephus Gerardus Janssen and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Superior Fe/ZSM-5 Catalyst for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia by : Gongshin Qi
Download or read book A Superior Fe/ZSM-5 Catalyst for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia written by Gongshin Qi and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis QUANTUM CHEMICAL SIMULATION OF NITRIC OXIDE REDUCTION BY AMMONIA (SCR REACTION) ON V2O5 by :
Download or read book QUANTUM CHEMICAL SIMULATION OF NITRIC OXIDE REDUCTION BY AMMONIA (SCR REACTION) ON V2O5 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reaction mechanism for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide by ammonia on (010) V2O5 surface represented by a V2O9H8 cluster was simulated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The computations indicated that SCR reaction consisted of three main parts. In the first part ammonia activation on Brønsted acidic V-OH site as NH4+ species by a nonactivated process takes place. The second part includes the interaction of NO with pre-adsorbed NH4 + species to eventually form nitrosamide (NH2NO). The rate limiting step for this part as well as for the total SCR reaction is identified as NH3NHO formation reaction. The last part consists of the decomposition of NH2NO on the cluster which takes advantage of a hydrogen transfer mechanism between the active V=O and V-OH groups. Water and ammonia adsorption and dissociation are investigated on (101) and (001) anatase surfaces both represented by totally fixed and partially relaxed Ti2O9H10 clusters. Adsorption of H2O and NH3 by H-bonding on previously H2O and NH3 dissociated systems are also considered. By use of a (001) relaxed Ti2O9H10 cluster, the role of anatase support on SCR reaction is investigated. Since NH2NO formation on Ti2O9H10 cluster requires lower activation barriers than on V2O5 surface, it is proposed that the role of titanium dioxide on SCR reaction could be forming NH2NO. The role of vanadium oxide is crucial in terms of dissociating this product into H2O and N2. Finally, NH3 adsorption is studied on a V2TiO14H14 cluster which represents a model for vanadia/titania surface.
Book Synopsis Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide by Ammonia Over Iron Exchanged Y Zeolites by : Michael Dimitrios Amiridis
Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide by Ammonia Over Iron Exchanged Y Zeolites written by Michael Dimitrios Amiridis and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Role of Ammonia Oxidation in Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide Over Vanadia Based Catalysts by : Mahesh Waman Kumthekar
Download or read book Role of Ammonia Oxidation in Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide Over Vanadia Based Catalysts written by Mahesh Waman Kumthekar and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Investigation of a Dual-catalyst for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia by : Frank G. Medros
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of a Dual-catalyst for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia written by Frank G. Medros and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development and Characterization of Mixed Oxide Catalysts for the Selective Catlytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide from Stationary Sources Using Amonnia by :
Download or read book Development and Characterization of Mixed Oxide Catalysts for the Selective Catlytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide from Stationary Sources Using Amonnia written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seven first row transition metals were deposited on various commercial TiO2, SiO2, and Al2 O3 supports to create mono- and bimetallic catalysts that were compared in the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide using ammonia at low temperatures ranging from 373-523 K. The catalyst with the highest activity both in the absence and presence of water in the feed was 20 wt.% Mn/Hombikat TiO2 synthesized from a nitrate precursor and calcined below 673 K. Under those conditions, it was capable of achieving 100% NO conversion at 393 K. Numerous surface characterization techniques were used to identify the surface properties that result in highly active and selective low temperature SCR catalysts. The deposition of manganese as MnO2, the ease of reducibility of the metal oxide, and the symmetric deformation of ammonia coordinated to Lewis acid sites at 1167 cm−1, were all found to be important for good catalytic performance. No synergistic effects were observed from combinations of the three most active transition metals. However, MnO x -NiO/TiO2 had an extended lifetime relative to MnO x /TiO2 in feeds containing SO2 . The extensive data collected from in-situ FTIR experiments in the presence of NO and NH 3 were used to propose a reaction mechanism for MnO x /TiO2 that begins with the coordination of NH3 over Mn4 species and proceeds through the formation of bridged nitrates. A combination of potentiometric titrations and UV/Vis spectroscopy were used to quantify the reduction of V5 to V4 after the addition of oxalic acid as the solution is aged. After approximately four hours, the aging vanadium oxalate solution reaches steady state, and the final distribution of the vanadium present is 89% V+4 and 11% V+5 . TiO2 supported monolayer catalysts synthesized from the aged (V+4) vanadium oxalate solution consistently outperformed catalysts made from freshly prepared (V+5) vanadium oxalate solutions. Surface characterization revealed that surface acid sites increase in strength and vanadia reduces more easily in catalysts synthesized from aged vanadium oxalate solutions, which enhances reaction mechanism depends upon acid sites and redox operation.
Book Synopsis Superior Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, 1 January 1994--31 March 1994 by :
Download or read book Superior Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, 1 January 1994--31 March 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past quarter, progress has been made in four tasks as summarized below: Task 1: A delaminated Fe2O3 pillared clay was synthesized and carefully characterized. The chemical composition was measured by ICP atomic emission spectrometry. The structural changes in the clay as well as the iron oxide particle sizes were characterized by X-ray diffraction techniques. Task 2: The Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR, i.e., NO reduction with NH3) activities of the delaminated pillared clay were tested and compared with four other most active SCR catalysts: a commercial V2O5 + WO3/TiO2 catalyst, a Fe2O3-pillared clay, and two supported Fe2O3 catalysts (on Al2O3 and TiO2). The delaminated Fe2O3 pillared clay exhibited the highest SCR activities. Catalyst stability test showed that the delaminated sample was also stable. Task 3: To further increase the SCR activity of the delaminated pillared clay, Cr2O3 was doped as a promoter by incipient wetness. Task 4: Deactivation effects of SO2 and H2O on the SCR activities of the delaminated Fe2O3 pillared clay were studied, and compared with other SCR catalysts. The delaminated clay catalyst showed the least deactivation.
Book Synopsis Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx by : Oliver Kröcher
Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx written by Oliver Kröcher and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-12-14 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx" that was published in Catalysts
Book Synopsis Superior Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide. Final Technical Report, October 1, 1993--September 30, 1995 by :
Download or read book Superior Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide. Final Technical Report, October 1, 1993--September 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most advanced and proven technology for NO(subscript x) control for stationary sources is Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). In SCR, NO(subscript x) is reduced by NH3 to N2 and H2O. The commercial catalysts are based on V2O5/TiO2, and the vanadium-based catalysts are patented by the Japanese (Mitsubishi). However, there are three main advantages for the vanadium-based SCR catalyst: (a) a tendency to be poisoned in the flue gas; (b) oxidation of SO2 to SO3 by V2O5, this is a particularly severe problem due to the higher sulfur content of American coals compared with coals used in Japan (from Australia) and in Europe; (c) environmental problems involved in the disposal of the spent catalyst (due to the toxicity of vanadium). In order to overcome these problems, in addition to the undesirable dominance by the Japanese patent position, the authors have studied in this project a new type of catalyst for the SCR reaction; namely, pillared clays, which have adjustable, unique structures and acidity. Three types of catalysts were developed and tested for this reaction, i.e. Fe2O3-pillared clays, delaminated Fe2O3-pillared clays, and ion-exchanged pillared clays. The project was divided into sixteen tasks, and will be reported as such.
Book Synopsis Low Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia by : Lydia Singoredjo
Download or read book Low Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia written by Lydia Singoredjo and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of the Oxidation of Ammonia and the Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide by Ammonia in the Presence of Oxygen, on an Iron Oxide-chromium Oxide-vanadium Pentoxide Catalyst Supported on Alumina by : Wing Cheong Wong
Download or read book A Study of the Oxidation of Ammonia and the Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide by Ammonia in the Presence of Oxygen, on an Iron Oxide-chromium Oxide-vanadium Pentoxide Catalyst Supported on Alumina written by Wing Cheong Wong and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
