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Modeling Of Massive Gas Injection Triggered Disruptions In Tokamak Plasmas
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Book Synopsis Modeling of Massive Gas Injection Triggered Disruptions in Tokamak Plasmas by : Alexandre Fil
Download or read book Modeling of Massive Gas Injection Triggered Disruptions in Tokamak Plasmas written by Alexandre Fil and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma disruptions are events occuring in tokamaks which result in the total loss of the plasma confinement and the end of the discharge. These disruptions are rapid and violent events and they can damage the tokamak walls and its structure if they are not controlled. A Disruption Mitigation System (DMS) is thus mandatory in ITER in order to reduce electromagnetic forces, mitigate heat loads and avoid Runaway Electrons (RE) generated by plasma disruptions. These combined objectives make the design of the DMS a complex and challenging task, for which substantial input from both experiments and modeling is needed. We present here modeling results on disruption mitigation by Massive Gas Injection (MGI), which is one of the main methods considered for the DMS of ITER. First, a model which stems from first principles is given for the tranport of neutrals in a plasma and applied to the study of the interaction of the MGI with the plasma. Main mechanisms responsible for the penetration of the neutral gas are described and studied. Charge-exchange processes between the neutrals and the ions of the plasma is found to play a major role. Then, the 3D non linear MHD code JOREK is applied to the study of MGI-triggered disruptions with a particular focus on the thermal quench phase and the MHD events which are responsible for it. The simulation results are compared to experiments done on the JET tokamak.
Book Synopsis DISRUPTION MITIGATION USING HIGH-PRESSURE NOBLE GAS INJECTION ON DIII-D. by :
Download or read book DISRUPTION MITIGATION USING HIGH-PRESSURE NOBLE GAS INJECTION ON DIII-D. written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-pressure gas jet injection of neon and argon is used to mitigate the deleterious effects from tokamak disruptions. Thermal loading of the divertor surfaces, vessel stress from poloidal halo currents and the buildup and loss of relativistic electrons to the wall are all greatly reduced or eliminated. The gas jet penetrates through to the central plasma as a neutral species at its sonic velocity[approx] 300-500 m/s. The injected impurity species radiate> 95% of the plasma stored energy, accompanied by a 500-fold increase the total electron inventory in the plasma volume, thus decreasing localized heating at the divertor targets. The poloidal halo currents at the wall are reduced because of the rapid cooling and the slow movement of the plasma toward the wall during the current quench. When a sufficient quantity of gas is injected, the extremely large total (free+ bound) electron density inhibits runaway electrons in the current quench, as predicted. A physical model of radiative cooling has been developed and is validated against DIII-D experiments. The model shows that gas jet mitigation, including runaway suppression, extrapolates favorably to burning plasmas where disruption damage would be more severe. The use of real-time detection of the onset of a disruption to trigger massive gas injection and to mitigate the ensuing damage is demonstrated.
Book Synopsis Mitigation of Disruptions in a Tokamak by Means of Large Gas Injection by : Fedir Savčenko
Download or read book Mitigation of Disruptions in a Tokamak by Means of Large Gas Injection written by Fedir Savčenko and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mitigation of Disruptions in a Tokamak by Means of Large Gas Injection by : Alexei Savtchkov
Download or read book Mitigation of Disruptions in a Tokamak by Means of Large Gas Injection written by Alexei Savtchkov and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Disruption Mitigation Using High Pressure Gas Jets by :
Download or read book Disruption Mitigation Using High Pressure Gas Jets written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this research is to establish credible disruption mitigation scenarios based on the technique of massive gas injection. Disruption mitigation seeks to minimize or eliminate damage to internal components that can occur due to the rapid dissipation of thermal and magnetic energy during a tokamak disruption. In particular, the focus of present research is extrapolating mitigation techniques to burning plasma experiments such as ITER, where disruption-caused damage poses a serious threat to the lifetime of internal vessel components. A majority of effort has focused on national and international collaborative research with large tokamaks: DIII-D, Alcator C-Mod, JET, and ASDEX Upgrade. The research was oriented towards empirical trials of gas-jet mitigation on several tokamaks, with the goal of developing and applying cohesive models to the data across devices. Disruption mitigation using gas jet injection has proven to be a viable candidate for avoiding or minimizing damage to internal components in burning plasma experiments like ITER. The physics understanding is progress towards a technological design for the required gas injection system in ITER.
Book Synopsis Self-consistent Modeling of Plasma Response to Impurity Spreading from Intense Localized Source by : Mikhail Koltunov
Download or read book Self-consistent Modeling of Plasma Response to Impurity Spreading from Intense Localized Source written by Mikhail Koltunov and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2012 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Numerical Solution of Time-Dependent Advection-Diffusion-Reaction Equations by : Willem Hundsdorfer
Download or read book Numerical Solution of Time-Dependent Advection-Diffusion-Reaction Equations written by Willem Hundsdorfer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unique book on Reaction-Advection-Diffusion problems
Download or read book Xiu xiang ju xian zhen gu ci written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Improved Macroscopic Plasma Modeling and Its Application to Tokamak Disruptions by : Brian Cornille
Download or read book Improved Macroscopic Plasma Modeling and Its Application to Tokamak Disruptions written by Brian Cornille and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents results from two topics in tokamak disruption modeling. The first usessimulation to elucidate the observations from MST tokamak disharge experiments on suppression of runaway electrons (RE) with resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP). When applying RMPs having a single poloidal harmonic, an m = 1 RMP does not suppress RE while and m = 3 RMP achieves full suppression [Munaretto et al., Nuclear Fusion 60, 046024 (2020)]. Magnetohydrody- namics (MHD) simulation of the experiment indicates that the m = 3 RMP produces a substantial region of chaotic magnetic fields whereas the m = 1 RMP produces negligible changes in field topology compared to no RMP. Using snapshots of the MHD simulation fields, full-orbit relativis- tic electron test particle computations show [approximately equal to] 50% loss from the m = 3 RMP compared to the 10 -15% loss from the m = 1 RMP. Test particle computations of the m = 3 RMP case in the time-evolving MHD simulation fields show correlation between MHD activity and enhanced particle losses, but finds similar total electron confinement and field snapshots. The second topic presents a novel enhancement to vertical displacement computations in NIMROD [Sovinec et al., J. Comput. Phys. 195, 355 (2004)]. We present development of a quasi-static meshed vacuum region approach for treatment of computations with a resistive wall representation. With this approach a magnetostatic problem is solved for an external vacuum region while coupled through a thin-wall approximation to the implicit time advance of the plasma. Verification of the implementation is presented along with demonstration of its increased robustness in challenging geometries compared to the incumbent implementation.
Book Synopsis Radiation Asymmetry and Massive Gas Injection Activity in Rapid Shutdowns on Alcator C-Mod by : Geoffrey Michael Olynyk
Download or read book Radiation Asymmetry and Massive Gas Injection Activity in Rapid Shutdowns on Alcator C-Mod written by Geoffrey Michael Olynyk and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disruptions, the sudden termination of tokamak fusion plasmas by instabilities, have the potential to cause severe material wall damage to large tokamaks like ITER.e mitigation of disruption damage is an essential part of any fusion reactor system. Massive gas injection (MGI) rapid shutdown is a technique in which large amounts of noble gas are injected into the plasma in order to safely radiate the plasma energy evenly over the entire plasma-facing first wall. However, it has been observed that this energy is not radiated evenly: it can have significant asymmetries, which could cause melting in large devices even in the case of a successful rapid shutdown. The first rapid shutdown experiments using multiple gas injectors on any tokamak were conducted on Alcator C-Mod. A dedicated toroidal array of fast ultraviolet photodiodes was installed in order to diagnose toroidal radiation asymmetries during the thermal quench (TQ). It is found that the radiation asymmetry is controlled by a low-n brightness mode in the TQ phase of rapid shutdowns. is mode sometimes rotates, and the rate of rotation sets the integrated radiation asymmetry in the TQ. It is proposed that this brightness feature is caused by the transport of energy from the hot plasma core to the radiative edge by the MHD flow at one phase of an n = 1 global MHD mode. is phenomenology is confirmed by extended MHD simulation using the NIMROD code. An exponentially growing n = 1 magnetic mode is observed during the pre-TQ phase of MGI rapid shutdowns; the saturation of this mode marks the beginning of the thermal quench. It is proposed that this mode is a magnetic island caused by a radiative tearing mode; the predicted growth rate is compared to the predictions of analytic theory. It is proposed that this mode is a magnetic island then couples to other global n = 1 MHD modes, causing the energy transport during the TQ. An important implication of this result is that simply adding more gas injectors cannot guarantee a symmetric rapid shutdown: the asymmetry is controlled by the behavior of the core MHD activity during the TQ. the implications of this rotating radiation asymmetry during the TQ of MGI rapid shutdown for the beryllium wall of ITER are discussed.
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Magnetohydrodynamics by : D. Biskamp
Download or read book Nonlinear Magnetohydrodynamics written by D. Biskamp and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-07-17 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A self-contained introduction to magnetohydrodynamics with emphasis on nonlinear processes.
Book Synopsis Disruption Mitigation in Tokamaks with Massive Material Injection by : Oskar Vallhagen
Download or read book Disruption Mitigation in Tokamaks with Massive Material Injection written by Oskar Vallhagen and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radiation Assymetries During the Thermal Quench of Massive Gas Injection Disruptions in JET by : M. Lehnen
Download or read book Radiation Assymetries During the Thermal Quench of Massive Gas Injection Disruptions in JET written by M. Lehnen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design by : Vasilij A. Glukhikh
Download or read book Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design written by Vasilij A. Glukhikh and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-05-21 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design is a comprehensive resource on fusion technology and energy systems written by renowned scientists and engineers from the Russian nuclear industry. It brings together a wealth of invaluable experience and knowledge on controlled thermonuclear fusion (CTF) facilities with magnetic plasma confinement – from the first semi-commercial tokamak T-3, to the multi-billion international experimental thermonuclear reactor ITER, now in construction in France. As the INTOR and ITER projects have made an immense contribution in the past few decades, this book focuses on its practical engineering aspects and the basics of technical physics and electrical engineering. Users will gain an understanding of the key ratios between plasma and technical parameters, design streamlining algorithms and engineering solutions. Written by a team of qualified experts who have been involved in the design of thermonuclear reactors for over 50 years Outlines the most important features of the ITER project in France which is building the largest tokamak, including the design, material selection, safety and economic considerations Includes data on how to design magnetic fusion reactors using CAD tools, along with relevant regulatory documents
Book Synopsis Simulation of a Major Tokamak Disruption by : R. B. White
Download or read book Simulation of a Major Tokamak Disruption written by R. B. White and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modelling Multi-ion Plasma Gun Simulations of Tokamak Disruptions by :
Download or read book Modelling Multi-ion Plasma Gun Simulations of Tokamak Disruptions written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of impurity ions in plasma gun ablation tests of various targets is considered. Inclusion of reasonable amounts of impurity ((approximately)10%) is adequate to explain observed energy transmission and erosion measurements. The gun tests and the computer code calculations are relevant to the parameter range expected for major disruptions on large tokamaks.
Download or read book Heat Transfer written by Salim Newaz Kazi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-07-29 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of energy crisis due to rapid growth of industries, the efficient heat transfer could play a vital role in energy saving. Industries, household equipment, transportation, offices, etc., all are dependent on heat exchanging equipment. Considering this, the book has incorporated different chapters on heat transfer phenomena, analytical and experimental heat transfer investigations, heat transfer enhancement and applications.
