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Download or read book Modeling of Clouds and Radiation for Developing Parameterizations for General Circulation Models written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Modeling of Clouds and Radiation for Developing Parameterizations for General Circulation Models. Annual Report, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have used a hierarchy of numerical models for cirrus and stratus clouds and for radiative transfer to improve the reliability of general circulation models. Our detailed cloud microphysical model includes all of the physical processes believed to control the lifecycles of liquid and ice clouds in the troposphere. We have worked on specific GCM parameterizations for the radiative properties of cirrus clouds, making use of a mesocale model as the test-bed for the parameterizations. We have also modeled cirrus cloud properties with a detailed cloud physics model to better understand how the radiatively important properties of cirrus are controlled by their environment. We have used another cloud microphysics model to investigate of the interactions between aerosols and clouds. This work is some of the first to follow the details of interactions between aerosols and cloud droplets and has shown some unexpected relations between clouds and aerosols. We have also used line-by- line radiative transfer results verified with ARM data, to derive a GCMS.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Modeling of Clouds and Radiation for Developing Parameterizations of Clouds in General Circulation Models written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We conducted modeling work in radiative transfer and cloud microphysics. Our work in radiative transfer included performance tests to other high accuracy methods and to measurements under cloudy, partial cloudy and cloud-free conditions. Our modeling efforts have been aimed to (1) develop an accurate and rapid radiative transfer model; (2) develop three-dimensional radiative transfer models; and (3) develop microphysics resolving cloud and aerosol models. We applied our models to investigate solar clear-sky model biases, investigate aerosol direct effects, investigate aerosol indirect effects, investigate microphysical properties of cirrus, investigate microphysical properties of stratus, investigate relationships between cloud properties, and investigate the effects of cloud structure.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 3 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Modeling of Clouds and Radiation for Developing Parameterizations for General Circulation Models. Annual Report, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are using a hierarchy of numerical models of cirrus and stratus clouds and radiative transfer to improve the reliability of general circulation models. Our detailed cloud microphysical model includes all of the physical processes believed to control the lifecycle of liquid and ice clouds in the troposphere. In our one-dimensional cirrus studies, we find that the ice crystal number and size in cirrus clouds are not very sensitive to the number of condensation nuclei which are present. We have compared our three-dimensional meoscale simulations of cirrus clouds with radar, lidar satellite and other observations of water vapor and cloud fields and find that the model accurately predicts the characteristics of a cirrus cloud system. The model results reproduce several features detected by remote sensing (lidar and radar) measurements, including the appearance of the high cirrus cloud at about 15 UTC and the thickening of the cloud at 20 UTC. We have developed a new parameterizations for production of ice crystals based on the detailed one-dimensional cloud model, and are presently testing the parameterization in three-dimensional simulations of the FIRE-II November 26 case study. We have analyzed NWS radiosonde humidity data from FIRE and ARM and found errors, biases, and uncertainties in the conversion of the sensed resistance to humidity.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (925 download)
Download or read book Parameterization of Clouds and Radiation in Climate Models written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clouds are a very important, yet poorly modeled element in the climate system. There are many potential cloud feedbacks, including those related to cloud cover, height, water content, phase change, and droplet concentration and size distribution. As a prerequisite to studying the cloud feedback issue, this research reports on the simulation and validation of cloud radiative forcing under present climate conditions using the ECHAM general circulation model and ERBE top-of-atmosphere radiative fluxes.
Author : David A. Randall
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080507239
Total Pages : 849 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book General Circulation Model Development written by David A. Randall and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-07-19 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General Circulation Models (GCMs) are rapidly assuming widespread use as powerful tools for predicting global events on time scales of months to decades, such as the onset of EL Nino, monsoons, soil moisture saturation indices, global warming estimates, and even snowfall predictions. While GCMs have been praised for helping to foretell the current El Nino and its impact on droughts in Indonesia, its full power is only now being recognized by international scientists and governments who seek to link GCMs to help them estimate fish harvests, risk of floods, landslides, and even forest fires.Scientists in oceanography, hydrology, meteorology, and climatology and civil, ocean, and geological engineers perceive a need for a reference on GCM design. In this compilation of information by an internationally recognized group of experts, Professor Randall brings together the knowledge base of the forerunners in theoretical and applied frontiers of GCM development. General Circulation Model Development focuses on the past, present, and future design of numerical methods for general circulation modeling, as well as the physical parameterizations required for their proper implementation. Additional chapters on climate simulation and other applications provide illustrative examples of state-of-the-art GCM design.Key Features* Foreword by Norman Phillips* Authoritative overviews of current issues and ideas on global circulation modeling by leading experts* Retrospective and forward-looking chapters by Akio Arakawa of UCLA* Historical perspectives on the early years of general circulation modeling* Indispensable reference for researchers and graduate students
Download or read book Cloud-radiation Interactions and Their Parameterization in Climate Models written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report contains papers from the International Workshop on Cloud-Radiation Interactions and Their Parameterization in Climate Models met on 18--20 October 1993 in Camp Springs, Maryland, USA. It was organized by the Joint Working Group on Clouds and Radiation of the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences. Recommendations were grouped into three broad areas: (1) general circulation models (GCMs), (2) satellite studies, and (3) process studies. Each of the panels developed recommendations on the. themes of the workshop. Explicitly or implicitly, each panel independently recommended observations of basic cloud microphysical properties (water content, phase, size) on the scales resolved by GCMs. Such observations are necessary to validate cloud parameterizations in GCMs, to use satellite data to infer radiative forcing in the atmosphere and at the earth's surface, and to refine the process models which are used to develop advanced cloud parameterizations.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (247 download)
Download or read book Kiel written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 1 January 1782 - 31 July 1782 written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael E. Schlesinger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (422 download)
Download or read book Development of a Physically-based General Circulation Model Parameterization of Clouds and Their Radiative Interactions written by Michael E. Schlesinger and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sylvia C. Sullivan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119700345
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)
Download or read book Clouds and Their Climatic Impact written by Sylvia C. Sullivan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-12-11 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clouds and Their Climatic Impacts Clouds are an influential and complex element of Earth’s climate system. They evolve rapidly in time and exist over small spatial scales, but also affect global radiative balance and large-scale circulations. With more powerful models and extensive observations now at our disposal, the climate impact of clouds is receiving ever more research attention. Clouds and Their Climatic Impacts: Radiation, Circulation, and Precipitation presents an overview of our current understanding on various types of clouds and cloud systems and their multifaceted role in the radiative budget, circulation patterns, and rainfall. Volume highlights include: Interactions of aerosol with both liquid and ice clouds Surface and atmospheric cloud radiative feedbacks and effects Arctic, extratropical, and tropical clouds Cloud-circulation coupling at global, meso, and micro scales Precipitation efficiency, phase, and measurements The role of machine learning in understanding clouds and climate The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Author : Szu-Cheng Ou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (836 download)
Download or read book Development of Radiation and Cloud Parameterization Programs for AFGL (Air Force Geophysics Laboratory) Global Models written by Szu-Cheng Ou and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have devised a computationally economic and accurate radiation program for incorporation in the global models developed at the A.F. Geophysics Laboratory. The program was specifically developed for applications to atmospheres containing high, middle, and low clouds and combinations of these clouds. In addition, we have also developed cloud formation schemes for general circulation models in connection with the radiation program. The present radiation and cloud parameterization program has been successfully incorporated in the AFGL 12-layer global model. Simulations have been performed for cloud and radiation budget distributions using the initial humidity and temperature fields from 12Z, 17 June 1979. Zonally averaged global distributions of cloud cover and radiation budgets at the top of the atmosphere are in general agreement with available cloud and radiation budget climatologies. We also discuss the importance of clouds in the generation of global atmospheric cooling using the results from the AFGL 12-layer model. Keywords: Infrared radiation; Solar radiation; Radiative transfer; Parameterization; AFGL variable-resolution model; Cloud formation; Cloud-radiation interaction.
Author : Alexander P. Khain
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521767431
Total Pages : 643 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (217 download)
Download or read book Physical Processes in Clouds and Cloud Modeling written by Alexander P. Khain and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive analysis of modern theories of cloud microphysical processes and their representation in numerical cloud models.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Development and Testing of Parameterizations for Continental and Tropical Ice Cloud Microphysical and Radiative Properties in GCM and Mesoscale Models. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall purpose of this research was to exploit measurements in clouds sampled during several field programs, especially from experiments in tropical regions, in a four-component study to develop and validate cloud parameterizations for general circulation models, emphasizing ice clouds. The components were: (1) parameterization of basic properties of mid- and upper-tropospheric clouds, such as condensed water content, primarily with respect to cirrus from tropical areas; (2) the second component was to develop parameterizations which express cloud radiative properties in terms of basic cloud microphysical properties, dealing primarily with tropical oceanic cirrus clouds and continental thunderstorm anvils, but also including altocumulus clouds; (3) the third component was to validate the parameterizations through use of ground-based measurements calibrated using existing and planned in-situ measurements of cloud microphysical properties and bulk radiative properties, as well as time-resolved data collected over extended periods of time; (4) the fourth component was to implement the parameterizations in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) community climate model (CCM) II or in the NOAA-GFDL model (by L. Donner GFDL) and to perform sensitivity studies.
Author : Leo Donner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521190061
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (211 download)
Download or read book The Development of Atmospheric General Circulation Models written by Leo Donner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents unique perspectives from leading researchers on the development and application of atmospheric general circulation models. It is a core reference for academic researchers and professionals involved in atmospheric physics, meteorology and climate science, and a resource for graduate-level courses in climate modeling and numerical weather prediction.
Download or read book Cloud/Aerosol Parameterizations written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the biggest uncertainties associated with climate models and climate forcing is the treatment of aerosols and their effects on clouds. The effect of aerosols on clouds can be divided into two components: The first indirect effect is the forcing associated with increases in droplet concentrations; the second indirect effect is the forcing associated with changes in liquid water path, cloud morphology, and cloud lifetime. Both are highly uncertain. This project applied a cloud-resolving model to understand the response of clouds under a variety of conditions to changes in aerosols. These responses are categorized according to the large-scale meteorological conditions that lead to the response. Meteorological conditions were sampled from various fields, which, together with a global aerosol model determination of the change in aerosols from present day to pre-industrial conditions, was used to determine a first order estimate of the response of global cloud fields to changes in aerosols. The response of the clouds in the NCAR CAM3 GCM coupled to our global aerosol model were tested by examining whether the response is similar to that of the cloud resolving model and methods for improving the representation of clouds and cloud/aerosol interactions were examined.
Author : M.E. Schlesinger
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400930410
Total Pages : 635 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Physically-Based Modelling and Simulation of Climate and Climatic Change written by M.E. Schlesinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 635 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PREFACE xv LIST OF LECTURERS xix LIST OF PARTICIPANTS xx]. VOLUME I PART I - DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICALLY-BASED MODELS OF THE ATMOSPHERE Section 1 - Introduction GATES, W. L. - Climate and the Climate System 3 SIMMONS, A. J. and L. BENGTSSON - Atmospheric General Circulation Models: Their Design and Use for Climate Studies 23 Section 2 - Numerical Methods for Large-Scale Dynamics ARAKAWA, A. - Finite-Difference Methods in Climate Modeling 79 BOURKE, W. - Spectral Methods in Global Climate and Weather Prediction Models 169 Section 3 - Parameterization of Subgrid-Scale Physical Processes FOUQUART, Y. - Radiative Transfer in Climate Models 223 LAVAL, K. - Land Surface Processes 285 SELLERS, P. J. , Y. MINTZ, Y. C. SUD and A. DALCHER - A Brief Description of the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB) 307 SOMMERIA, G. - Parameterization of the Planetary Boundary Layer in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models 331 x TABLE OF CONTENTS TIEDTKE, M. - Parameterization of Cumulus Convection in Large-Scale Models 375 SUNDQVIST, H. - Parameterization of Condensation and Associated Clouds in Models for Weather Prediction and General Circulation Simulation 433 PART II - DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICALLY-BASED MODELS OF THE OCEAN AND SEA ICE HAN, Y. -J. - Modelling and Simulation of the General Circulation of the Ocean 465 HIBLER, W. D. - Modelling Sea Ice Thermodynamics and Dynamics in Climate Studies 509 PART III - METHODS OF COUPLING ATMOSPHERE, OCEAN AND ICE MODELS BRYAN, K.
