Modeling Of A Hardware Vlsi Placement System

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Hardware Design and Simulation in VAL/VHDL

Author : Larry M. Augustin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461540429
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Hardware Design and Simulation in VAL/VHDL by : Larry M. Augustin

Download or read book Hardware Design and Simulation in VAL/VHDL written by Larry M. Augustin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) provides a standard machine processable notation for describing hardware. VHDL is the result of a collaborative effort between IBM, Intermetrics, and Texas Instruments; sponsored by the Very High Speed Integrated Cir cuits (VHSIC) program office of the Department of Defense, beginning in 1981. Today it is an IEEE standard (1076-1987), and several simulators and other automated support tools for it are available commercially. By providing a standard notation for describing hardware, especially in the early stages of the hardware design process, VHDL is expected to reduce both the time lag and the cost involved in building new systems and upgrading existing ones. VHDL is the result of an evolutionary approach to language devel opment starting with high level hardware description languages existing in 1981. It has a decidedly programming language flavor, resulting both from the orientation of hardware languages of that time, and from a ma jor requirement that VHDL use Ada constructs wherever appropriate. During the 1980's there has been an increasing current of research into high level specification languages for systems, particularly in the software area, and new methods of utilizing specifications in systems de velopment. This activity is worldwide and includes, for example, object oriented design, various rigorous development methods, mathematical verification, and synthesis from high level specifications. VAL (VHDL Annotation Language) is a simple further step in the evolution of hardware description languages in the direction of applying new methods that have developed since VHDL was designed.

VLSI Chip Design with the Hardware Description Language VERILOG

Author : Ulrich Golze
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642610013
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis VLSI Chip Design with the Hardware Description Language VERILOG by : Ulrich Golze

Download or read book VLSI Chip Design with the Hardware Description Language VERILOG written by Ulrich Golze and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The art of transforming a circuit idea into a chip has changed permanently. Formerly, the electrical, physical and geometrical tasks were predominant. Later, mainly net lists of gates had to be constructed. Nowadays, hardware description languages (HDL) similar to programming languages are central to digital circuit design. HDL-based design is the main subject of this book. After emphasizing the economic importance of chip design as a key technology, the book deals with VLSI design (Very Large Scale Integration), the design of modern RISC processors, the hardware description language VERILOG, and typical modeling techniques. Numerous examples as well as a VERILOG training simulator are included on a disk.

Principles of VLSI System Planning

Author : Allen M. Dewey
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461306930
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of VLSI System Planning by : Allen M. Dewey

Download or read book Principles of VLSI System Planning written by Allen M. Dewey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes a new type of computer aided VLSI design tool, called a VLSI System Planning, that is meant to aid designers dur ing the early, or conceptual, state of design. During this stage of design, the objective is to define a general design plan, or approach, that is likely to result in an efficient implementation satisfying the initial specifications, or to determine that the initial specifications are not realizable. A design plan is a collection of high level design decisions. As an example, the conceptual design of digital filters involves choosing the type of algorithm to implement (e. g. , finite impulse response or infinite impulse response), the type of polyno mial approximation (e. g. , Equiripple or Chebyshev), the fabrication technology (e. g. , CMOS or BiCMOS), and so on. Once a particu lar design plan is chosen, the detailed design phase can begin. It is during this phase that various synthesis, simulation, layout, and test activities occur to refine the conceptual design, gradually filling more detail until the design is finally realized. The principal advantage of VLSI System Planning is that the increasingly expensive resources of the detailed design process are more efficiently managed. Costly redesigns are minimized because the detailed design process is guided by a more credible, consistent, and correct design plan.

VLSI-SoC: Design and Engineering of Electronics Systems Based on New Computing Paradigms

Author : Nicola Bombieri
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030234258
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis VLSI-SoC: Design and Engineering of Electronics Systems Based on New Computing Paradigms by : Nicola Bombieri

Download or read book VLSI-SoC: Design and Engineering of Electronics Systems Based on New Computing Paradigms written by Nicola Bombieri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-25 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains extended and revised versions of the best papers presented at the 26th IFIP WG 10.5/IEEE International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration, VLSI-SoC 2018, held in Verona, Italy, in October 2018. The 13 full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from the 27 papers (out of 106 submissions) presented at the conference. The papers discuss the latest academic and industrial results and developments as well as future trends in the field of System-on-Chip (SoC) design, considering the challenges of nano-scale, state-of-the-art and emerging manufacturing technologies. In particular they address cutting-edge research fields like heterogeneous, neuromorphic and brain-inspired, biologically-inspired, approximate computing systems.

VLSI and Hardware Implementations using Modern Machine Learning Methods

Author : Sandeep Saini
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000523845
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis VLSI and Hardware Implementations using Modern Machine Learning Methods by : Sandeep Saini

Download or read book VLSI and Hardware Implementations using Modern Machine Learning Methods written by Sandeep Saini and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-31 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Machine learning is a potential solution to resolve bottleneck issues in VLSI via optimizing tasks in the design process. This book aims to provide the latest machine-learning–based methods, algorithms, architectures, and frameworks designed for VLSI design. The focus is on digital, analog, and mixed-signal design techniques, device modeling, physical design, hardware implementation, testability, reconfigurable design, synthesis and verification, and related areas. Chapters include case studies as well as novel research ideas in the given field. Overall, the book provides practical implementations of VLSI design, IC design, and hardware realization using machine learning techniques. Features: Provides the details of state-of-the-art machine learning methods used in VLSI design Discusses hardware implementation and device modeling pertaining to machine learning algorithms Explores machine learning for various VLSI architectures and reconfigurable computing Illustrates the latest techniques for device size and feature optimization Highlights the latest case studies and reviews of the methods used for hardware implementation This book is aimed at researchers, professionals, and graduate students in VLSI, machine learning, electrical and electronic engineering, computer engineering, and hardware systems.

Hierarchical Modeling for VLSI Circuit Testing

Author : Debashis Bhattacharya
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461315271
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Hierarchical Modeling for VLSI Circuit Testing by : Debashis Bhattacharya

Download or read book Hierarchical Modeling for VLSI Circuit Testing written by Debashis Bhattacharya and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Test generation is one of the most difficult tasks facing the designer of complex VLSI-based digital systems. Much of this difficulty is attributable to the almost universal use in testing of low, gate-level circuit and fault models that predate integrated circuit technology. It is long been recognized that the testing prob lem can be alleviated by the use of higher-level methods in which multigate modules or cells are the primitive components in test generation; however, the development of such methods has proceeded very slowly. To be acceptable, high-level approaches should be applicable to most types of digital circuits, and should provide fault coverage comparable to that of traditional, low-level methods. The fault coverage problem has, perhaps, been the most intractable, due to continued reliance in the testing industry on the single stuck-line (SSL) fault model, which is tightly bound to the gate level of abstraction. This monograph presents a novel approach to solving the foregoing problem. It is based on the systematic use of multibit vectors rather than single bits to represent logic signals, including fault signals. A circuit is viewed as a collection of high-level components such as adders, multiplexers, and registers, interconnected by n-bit buses. To match this high-level circuit model, we introduce a high-level bus fault that, in effect, replaces a large number of SSL faults and allows them to be tested in parallel. However, by reducing the bus size from n to one, we can obtain the traditional gate-level circuit and models.

The Electrical Engineering Handbook,Second Edition

Author : Richard C. Dorf
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781420049763
Total Pages : 2758 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (497 download)

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Book Synopsis The Electrical Engineering Handbook,Second Edition by : Richard C. Dorf

Download or read book The Electrical Engineering Handbook,Second Edition written by Richard C. Dorf and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-09-26 with total page 2758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1993, the first edition of The Electrical Engineering Handbook set a new standard for breadth and depth of coverage in an engineering reference work. Now, this classic has been substantially revised and updated to include the latest information on all the important topics in electrical engineering today. Every electrical engineer should have an opportunity to expand his expertise with this definitive guide. In a single volume, this handbook provides a complete reference to answer the questions encountered by practicing engineers in industry, government, or academia. This well-organized book is divided into 12 major sections that encompass the entire field of electrical engineering, including circuits, signal processing, electronics, electromagnetics, electrical effects and devices, and energy, and the emerging trends in the fields of communications, digital devices, computer engineering, systems, and biomedical engineering. A compendium of physical, chemical, material, and mathematical data completes this comprehensive resource. Every major topic is thoroughly covered and every important concept is defined, described, and illustrated. Conceptually challenging but carefully explained articles are equally valuable to the practicing engineer, researchers, and students. A distinguished advisory board and contributors including many of the leading authors, professors, and researchers in the field today assist noted author and professor Richard Dorf in offering complete coverage of this rapidly expanding field. No other single volume available today offers this combination of broad coverage and depth of exploration of the topics. The Electrical Engineering Handbook will be an invaluable resource for electrical engineers for years to come.

The Electrical Engineering Handbook - Six Volume Set

Author : Richard C. Dorf
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420049755
Total Pages : 3627 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Electrical Engineering Handbook - Six Volume Set by : Richard C. Dorf

Download or read book The Electrical Engineering Handbook - Six Volume Set written by Richard C. Dorf and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-14 with total page 3627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In two editions spanning more than a decade, The Electrical Engineering Handbook stands as the definitive reference to the multidisciplinary field of electrical engineering. Our knowledge continues to grow, and so does the Handbook. For the third edition, it has grown into a set of six books carefully focused on specialized areas or fields of study. Each one represents a concise yet definitive collection of key concepts, models, and equations in its respective domain, thoughtfully gathered for convenient access. Combined, they constitute the most comprehensive, authoritative resource available. Circuits, Signals, and Speech and Image Processing presents all of the basic information related to electric circuits and components, analysis of circuits, the use of the Laplace transform, as well as signal, speech, and image processing using filters and algorithms. It also examines emerging areas such as text to speech synthesis, real-time processing, and embedded signal processing. Electronics, Power Electronics, Optoelectronics, Microwaves, Electromagnetics, and Radar delves into the fields of electronics, integrated circuits, power electronics, optoelectronics, electromagnetics, light waves, and radar, supplying all of the basic information required for a deep understanding of each area. It also devotes a section to electrical effects and devices and explores the emerging fields of microlithography and power electronics. Sensors, Nanoscience, Biomedical Engineering, and Instruments provides thorough coverage of sensors, materials and nanoscience, instruments and measurements, and biomedical systems and devices, including all of the basic information required to thoroughly understand each area. It explores the emerging fields of sensors, nanotechnologies, and biological effects. Broadcasting and Optical Communication Technology explores communications, information theory, and devices, covering all of the basic information needed for a thorough understanding of these areas. It also examines the emerging areas of adaptive estimation and optical communication. Computers, Software Engineering, and Digital Devices examines digital and logical devices, displays, testing, software, and computers, presenting the fundamental concepts needed to ensure a thorough understanding of each field. It treats the emerging fields of programmable logic, hardware description languages, and parallel computing in detail. Systems, Controls, Embedded Systems, Energy, and Machines explores in detail the fields of energy devices, machines, and systems as well as control systems. It provides all of the fundamental concepts needed for thorough, in-depth understanding of each area and devotes special attention to the emerging area of embedded systems. Encompassing the work of the world's foremost experts in their respective specialties, The Electrical Engineering Handbook, Third Edition remains the most convenient, reliable source of information available. This edition features the latest developments, the broadest scope of coverage, and new material on nanotechnologies, fuel cells, embedded systems, and biometrics. The engineering community has relied on the Handbook for more than twelve years, and it will continue to be a platform to launch the next wave of advancements. The Handbook's latest incarnation features a protective slipcase, which helps you stay organized without overwhelming your bookshelf. It is an attractive addition to any collection, and will help keep each volume of the Handbook as fresh as your latest research.

Iterative Identification and Restoration of Images

Author : Reginald L. Lagendijk
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461539803
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Iterative Identification and Restoration of Images by : Reginald L. Lagendijk

Download or read book Iterative Identification and Restoration of Images written by Reginald L. Lagendijk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most intriguing questions in image processing is the problem of recovering the desired or perfect image from a degraded version. In many instances one has the feeling that the degradations in the image are such that relevant information is close to being recognizable, if only the image could be sharpened just a little. This monograph discusses the two essential steps by which this can be achieved, namely the topics of image identification and restoration. More specifically the goal of image identifi cation is to estimate the properties of the imperfect imaging system (blur) from the observed degraded image, together with some (statistical) char acteristics of the noise and the original (uncorrupted) image. On the basis of these properties the image restoration process computes an estimate of the original image. Although there are many textbooks addressing the image identification and restoration problem in a general image processing setting, there are hardly any texts which give an indepth treatment of the state-of-the-art in this field. This monograph discusses iterative procedures for identifying and restoring images which have been degraded by a linear spatially invari ant blur and additive white observation noise. As opposed to non-iterative methods, iterative schemes are able to solve the image restoration problem when formulated as a constrained and spatially variant optimization prob In this way restoration results can be obtained which outperform the lem. results of conventional restoration filters.

Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 828 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office by :

Download or read book Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

VHDL for Simulation, Synthesis and Formal Proofs of Hardware

Author : Jean Mermet
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146153562X
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis VHDL for Simulation, Synthesis and Formal Proofs of Hardware by : Jean Mermet

Download or read book VHDL for Simulation, Synthesis and Formal Proofs of Hardware written by Jean Mermet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The success of VHDL since it has been balloted in 1987 as an IEEE standard may look incomprehensible to the large population of hardware designers, who had never heared of Hardware Description Languages before (for at least 90% of them), as well as to the few hundreds of specialists who had been working on these languages for a long time (25 years for some of them). Until 1988, only a very small subset of designers, in a few large companies, were used to describe their designs using a proprietary HDL, or sometimes a HDL inherited from a University when some software environment happened to be developped around it, allowing usability by third parties. A number of benefits were definitely recognized to this practice, such as functional verification of a specification through simulation, first performance evaluation of a tentative design, and sometimes automatic microprogram generation or even automatic high level synthesis. As there was apparently no market for HDL's, the ECAD vendors did not care about them, start-up companies were seldom able to survive in this area, and large users of proprietary tools were spending more and more people and money just to maintain their internal system.

Proceedings of the 1983 American Control Conference, Sheraton-Palace Hotel, San Francisco, California, June 22, 23, 24, 1983

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 1983 American Control Conference, Sheraton-Palace Hotel, San Francisco, California, June 22, 23, 24, 1983 by :

Download or read book Proceedings of the 1983 American Control Conference, Sheraton-Palace Hotel, San Francisco, California, June 22, 23, 24, 1983 written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

System Level Design of Reconfigurable Systems-on-Chip

Author : Nikolaos Voros
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387261044
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis System Level Design of Reconfigurable Systems-on-Chip by : Nikolaos Voros

Download or read book System Level Design of Reconfigurable Systems-on-Chip written by Nikolaos Voros and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes in a consolidated way the results of a three-year research project, during which researchers from leading european industrial companies and research institutes have been working together. Contributors come from academia and industry, such companies as INTRACOM, VTT and Nokia being represented Proposes brand new approaches based on SystemC and OCAPI-XL that explicitly handle issues related to reconfiguration at the system level Introduces a design flow for designing reconfigurable systems-on-chip Provides a comprehensive introduction to reconfigurable hardware and existing reconfigurable technologies Presents examples on how reconfigurable hardware can be exploited for the development of complex systems Provides useful feedback from the application of the proposed design flow and system level design methods on different real life design cases

Algorithmic and Register-Transfer Level Synthesis: The System Architect’s Workbench

Author : Donald E. Thomas
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461315190
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Algorithmic and Register-Transfer Level Synthesis: The System Architect’s Workbench by : Donald E. Thomas

Download or read book Algorithmic and Register-Transfer Level Synthesis: The System Architect’s Workbench written by Donald E. Thomas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently there has been increased interest in the development of computer-aided design programs to support the system level designer of integrated circuits more actively. Such design tools hold the promise of raising the level of abstraction at which an integrated circuit is designed, thus releasing the current designers from many of the details of logic and circuit level design. The promise further suggests that a whole new group of designers in neighboring engineering and science disciplines, with far less understanding of integrated circuit design, will also be able to increase their productivity and the functionality of the systems they design. This promise has been made repeatedly as each new higher level of computer-aided design tool is introduced and has repeatedly fallen short of fulfillment. This book presents the results of research aimed at introducing yet higher levels of design tools that will inch the integrated circuit design community closer to the fulfillment of that promise. 1. 1. SYNTHESIS OF INTEGRATED CmCUITS In the integrated circuit (Ie) design process, a behavior that meets certain specifications is conceived for a system, the behavior is used to produce a design in terms of a set of structural logic elements, and these logic elements are mapped onto physical units. The design process is impacted by a set of constraints as well as technological information (i. e. the logic elements and physical units used for the design).

BiCMOS Technology and Applications

Author : Antonio R. Alvarez
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475720297
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis BiCMOS Technology and Applications by : Antonio R. Alvarez

Download or read book BiCMOS Technology and Applications written by Antonio R. Alvarez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of bipolar compatible CMOS (BiCMOS) is a fascinating one and of ever-growing practical importance. The "technology pendulum" has swung from the two extremes of preeminence of bipolar in the 1950s and 60s to the apparent endless horizons for VLSI NMOS technology during the 1970s and 80s. Yet starting in the 1980s severallimits were clouding the horizon for pure NMOS technology. CMOS reemerged as a· viable high density, high performance technology. Similarly by the mid 1980s scaled bipolar devices had not only demonstrated new high speed records, but early versions of mixed bipolar/CMOS technology were being produced. Hence the paradigm of either high density . Q[ high speed was metamorphasizing into an opportunity for both speed and density via a BiCMOS approach. Now as we approach the 1990s there have been a number of practical demonstrations of BiCMOS both for memory and logic applications and I expect the trend to escalate over the next decade. This book makes a timely contribution to the field of BiCMOS technology and circuit development. The evolution is now indeed rapid so that it is difficult to make such a book exhaustive of current developments. Probably equally difficult is the fact that the new technology opens a range of novel circuit opportunities that are as yet only formative in their development. Given these obstacles it is a herculean task to try to assemble a book on BiCMOS.

Subband Image Coding

Author : John W. Woods
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475721196
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Subband Image Coding by : John W. Woods

Download or read book Subband Image Coding written by John W. Woods and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book concerns a new method of image data compression which weil may supplant the well-established block-transfonn methods that have been state-of-the art for the last 15 years. Subband image coding or SBC was first perfonned as such in 1985, and as the results became known at first through conference proceedings, and later through journal papers, the research community became excited about both the theoretical and practical aspects of this new approach. This excitement is continuing today, with many major research laboratories and research universities around the world investigating the subband approach to coding of color images, high resolution images, video- including video conferencing and advanced tele vision, and the medical application of picture archiving systems. Much of the fruits of this work is summarized in the eight chapters of this book which were written by leading practitioners in this field. The subband approach to image coding starts by passing the image through a two- or three-dimensional filter bank. The two-dimensional (2-D) case usually is hierarchical' consisting of two stages of four filters each. Thus the original image is split into 16 subband images, with each one decimated or subsampled by 4x4, resulting in a data conservation. The individual channel data is then quantized ·for digital transmission. In an attractive variation an octave-like approach, herein tenned subband pyramid, is taken for the decomposition resulting in a total of just eleven subbands.

Analog VLSI Implementation of Neural Systems

Author : Carver Mead
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461316391
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Analog VLSI Implementation of Neural Systems by : Carver Mead

Download or read book Analog VLSI Implementation of Neural Systems written by Carver Mead and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of a workshop on Analog Integrated Neural Systems held May 8, 1989, in connection with the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. The presentations were chosen to encompass the entire range of topics currently under study in this exciting new discipline. Stringent acceptance requirements were placed on contributions: (1) each description was required to include detailed characterization of a working chip, and (2) each design was not to have been published previously. In several cases, the status of the project was not known until a few weeks before the meeting date. As a result, some of the most recent innovative work in the field was presented. Because this discipline is evolving rapidly, each project is very much a work in progress. Authors were asked to devote considerable attention to the shortcomings of their designs, as well as to the notable successes they achieved. In this way, other workers can now avoid stumbling into the same traps, and evolution can proceed more rapidly (and less painfully). The chapters in this volume are presented in the same order as the corresponding presentations at the workshop. The first two chapters are concerned with fmding solutions to complex optimization problems under a predefmed set of constraints. The first chapter reports what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first neural-chip design. In each case, the physics of the underlying electronic medium is used to represent a cost function in a natural way, using only nearest-neighbor connectivity.