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Modeling Driven Damage Tolerant Design Of Graphene Nanoplatelet Carbon Fiber Epoxy Hybrid Composite Panels For Full Scale Aerospace Structures
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Book Synopsis Modeling-driven Damage Tolerant Design of Graphene Nanoplatelet/carbon Fiber/epoxy Hybrid Composite Panels for Full-scale Aerospace Structures by : Julie M. Tomasi
Download or read book Modeling-driven Damage Tolerant Design of Graphene Nanoplatelet/carbon Fiber/epoxy Hybrid Composite Panels for Full-scale Aerospace Structures written by Julie M. Tomasi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Multifunctional Lightweight Aerostructures by : Kamran Behdinan
Download or read book Advanced Multifunctional Lightweight Aerostructures written by Kamran Behdinan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-01-29 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a review of the newest methodologies for the characterization and modelling of lightweight materials and structures Advances in Multifunctional Lightweight Structures offers a text that provides and in-depth analyses of the thermal, electrical and mechanical responses of multi-functional lightweight structures. The authors, noted experts on the topic, address the most recent and innovative methodologies for the characterization and modelling of lightweight materials and discuss various shell and plate theories. They present multifunctional materials and structures and offer detailed descriptions of the complex modelling of these structures. The text is divided into three sections that demonstrate a keen understanding and awareness for multi-functional lightweight structures by taking a unique approach. The authors explore multi-disciplinary modelling and characterization alongside benchmark problems and applications, topics that are rarely approached in this field. This important book: • Offers an analyses of the thermal, electrical and mechanical responses of multi-functional lightweight structures • Covers innovative methodologies for the characterization and modelling of lightweight materials and structures • Presents a characterization of a wide variety of novel materials • Considers multifunctional novel structures with potential applications in different high-tech industries • Includes efficient and highly accurate methodologies Written for professionals, engineers and researchers in industrial and other specialized research institutions, Advances in Multifunctional Lightweight Structures offers a much needed text to the design practices of existing engineering building services and how these methods combine with recent developments.
Book Synopsis MULTISCALE MODELING OF CARBON FIBERS/GRAPHENE NANOPLATELETS/EPOXY HYBRID COMPOSITES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS by :
Download or read book MULTISCALE MODELING OF CARBON FIBERS/GRAPHENE NANOPLATELETS/EPOXY HYBRID COMPOSITES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Significant research effort has been dedicated for decades to improve the mechanical properties of aerospace polymer-based composite materials. Lightweight epoxy-based composite materials have increasingly replaced the comparatively heavy and expensive metal alloys used in aeronautical and aerospace structural components. In particular, carbon fibers (CF)/graphene nanoplatelets (GNP)/epoxy hybrid composites can be used for this purpose owing to their high specific stiffness and strength. Therefore, this work has been completed to design, predict, and optimize the effective mechanical properties of CF/GNP/epoxy composite materials at different length scales using a multiscale modeling approach. The work-flow of modeling involves a first step of using molecular dynamics (MD) with a reactive force field (ReaxFF) to predict the structure and mechanical behavior of the GNP/epoxy materials at the molecular level. A micromechanics approach is then used to model and predict the mechanical properties of the CF/GNP/epoxy hybrid composite at the bulk level. One of the major findings of this study refers to an alignment behavior of phenyl rings in epoxy with the planar GNP surface at the interphase region. This alignment plays an important role to drive the molecular density of epoxy at the interphase and promote the GNP-epoxy interfacial adhesion. The results also validate the use of ReaxFF in MD modeling of such nanocomposites as the predicted properties compare well with experiment. The impact on the mechanical properties of aerospace epoxy materials reinforced with pristine GNP, highly concentrated Graphene Oxide (GO), and Functionalized Graphene Oxide (FGO) has also been investigated in this study. A systematic computational approach to simulate the reinforcing nanoplatelets and probe their influence on the mechanical response of the epoxy matrix at both nanoscale and bulk levels. The nanoscale outcomes indicate a significant degradation in the in-plane elastic and shear moduli of the nanocomposite when introducing large amounts of oxygen and functional groups to the robust sp2 structure of the GNP. However, the wrinkled and rough topology of GO and FGO promotes the nanoplatelet-matrix interlocking mechanism which produces a significant improvement in the out-of-plane shear modulus. In addition, surface functionalization of GNP promotes the nanoplatelet-epoxy interfacial interaction/adhesion significantly which is important for the material toughness. Using micromechanics analysis, the influence of the nanoplatelets content and aspect ratio on the mechanical response of the proposed nanocomposites has also been predicted and validated with experimental data available from the literature. Generally, there is an improvement in the predicted mechanical response of the bulk nanocomposite materials with increasing nanoplatelets content and aspect ratio. The predicted mechanical properties of the nanoplatelet/epoxy nanocomposites are then used to generate hybrid composite models reinforced with unidirectional CF. The micromechanics predictions are used to analyze the reinforcing effect of the proposed nanoplatelets on the unidirectional CF/nanoplatelet/epoxy hybrid composites. Three laminated hybrid composite panels are also modeled and analyzed to address the reinforcing effect of the proposed nanoplatelets on the laminated hybrid composite panels. The predicted mechanical properties of the laminated hybrid composite panels are important in assessing the mechanical performance of in-service structural components.
Book Synopsis Mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelet/carbon fiber/epoxy hybrid composites by : C. M. Hadden
Download or read book Mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelet/carbon fiber/epoxy hybrid composites written by C. M. Hadden and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Examination of the Damage Tolerance Enhancement of Carbon/epoxy Using an Outer Lamina of Spectra by : D. G. Lance
Download or read book An Examination of the Damage Tolerance Enhancement of Carbon/epoxy Using an Outer Lamina of Spectra written by D. G. Lance and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanical Properties of Graphene Nanoplatelet/carbon Fiber/epoxy Hybrid Composites by : C. M. Hadden
Download or read book Mechanical Properties of Graphene Nanoplatelet/carbon Fiber/epoxy Hybrid Composites written by C. M. Hadden and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Damage Characterization and Modeling of Notched Graphite/epoxy Sandwich Panels in Compression by : José María Mírazo Antolín
Download or read book Damage Characterization and Modeling of Notched Graphite/epoxy Sandwich Panels in Compression written by José María Mírazo Antolín and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Damage tolerant design, which focuses on a structure's ability to perform in a damaged state, is widely used in the aerospace industry today. Although extensive research has been carried out in this area for notched composite laminates, a relatively small fraction has dealt with compressive loading of composite honeycomb sandwich panels. Furthermore, little emphasis has been placed on identifying and modeling the damage mechanisms that contribute to ultimate failure. In an attempt to better understand the damage propagation and residual properties of notched composite panels subjected to compressive loads, edge-wise uniaxial quasi-static tests were performed in displacement control. Coupons consisted of various sized notched sandwich panels with woven Graphite-reinforced PMC facesheets and Nomex honeycomb cores. Two lay-ups were used in the facesheets: [45/0/0] and [0/0/0/], identified as T45 and TO respectively for simplicity. Damage propagated in all coupons perpendicular to the load direction from one or more of the four notch tips. All coupons were loaded to final failure. In-situ and post-mortem damage evaluation techniques such as polishing and microscopy were employed to describe the damage progression. The key microscopic damage mechanisms were identified to be delamination and fiber micro-buckling, which often led to kink-band formation. Two distinct failure types were identified macroscopically: linear damage zones (LDZ's) and delamination/bulge zones (DBZ's), the latter being confined to the T45 series. The LDZ's consisted of out-of-plane kink-bands propagating away from the notch in the 0° plies, and were modeled using a bridged-crack analogy with tensile loading (DZM). The DBZ's were formed by the outer 45° ply, which delaminated from the rest of the coupon and buckled locally into a deformed out-of-plane curved shape. They were described using a novel one-dimensional delamination/buckling propagation model (DBM). Comparison between the two models revealed that smaller panels were more prone to linear damage zone formation, whereas larger panels were more prone to delamination/buckling zone formation. Damage mechanism charts were produced which are capable of predicting the operative damage mechanism as a function of material and geometric parameters.
Book Synopsis Recent Development in the Design, Testing and Impact-damage Tolerance of Stiffened Composite Panels by :
Download or read book Recent Development in the Design, Testing and Impact-damage Tolerance of Stiffened Composite Panels written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Multi-scale Characterization and Failure Modeling of Carbon/epoxy Triaxially Braided Composite by : Chao Zhang
Download or read book Multi-scale Characterization and Failure Modeling of Carbon/epoxy Triaxially Braided Composite written by Chao Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon/Epoxy two-dimensional triaxially braided composites are known to have excellent damage tolerance, energy absorption and impact resistance. Recently, many aircraft manufactures have used such braided composite for engine fan cases. The mechanical interlocking and large unit cell of the fabric architecture enable the material to behave like a structure. On the other hand, this complicated architecture increases the difficulty of experimental characterization and numerical simulation, due to the existence of free edge effect induced premature local damage in standard coupon specimens. The goal of this research is an attempt to identify the damage mechanism of this braided composite, develop analytical and numerical tools to simulate the elastic and failure behavior, and obtain accurate material properties for design of structures and components. Multi-scale modeling is a well established approach in simulating textile composites. In this work, a meso-scale finite element modeling framework is developed to simulate the local and global damage behavior and investigate the failure mechanisms. To achieve the accuracy of the meso-scale model, the micro-scale geometry features are examined in detail to provide support for building a realistic representative model; micromechanical finite element models are developed to predict the material constants of meso-scale fiber tows. On the macro-scale, both analytical models and numerical models are used to predict the global effective stiffness. A comprehensive analysis of the experimentally measured and numerical predicted elastic and strength properties are presented to verify the accuracy of numerical models and evaluate the ability of different types of specimens. The material constants of an infinite large plate are predicted using the numerical models. This can help to make design of structures more efficient and build accurate numerical models representing behavior of braided composites. Particular attention is paid on the analysis of free edge effect which was known to lead to premature local damage and failure. It is found in the numerical studies and confirmed by experiments that the free edge effect can also cause a reduction of effective stiffness. The edge effect that acts in the form of out-of-plane warping is found to be an inherent behavior of the triaxially braided architecture. It is also identified in experiments that some material properties may depend on the coupon width, especially in transversely loaded specimens. Through a numerical dimensional analysis, the relationship of specimen width and effective stiffness and strength is quantified. The long-term performance of the material is also studied by conducting thermal cycling test. Acoustic Emission and X-ray CT scanning are used to detect the aging induced microcracking damage behavior and predict the saturation number of thermal cycles. Multi-scale finite element models are utilized to predict the degradation of mechanical properties and impact resistance of microcracked braided composite panels.
Book Synopsis MULTI-SCALE CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELLING OF NANOSILICA REINFORCED CARBON/EPOXY COMPOSITES FOR FILAMENT WOUND STRUCTURES. by : Aniruddh Vashisth
Download or read book MULTI-SCALE CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELLING OF NANOSILICA REINFORCED CARBON/EPOXY COMPOSITES FOR FILAMENT WOUND STRUCTURES. written by Aniruddh Vashisth and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiber reinforced composite driveshaft are seen as an attractive replacement for metallic driveshaft in helicopters. Rigid matrix composite (RMC) are composites reinforced with a strong fiber such as carbon fibers in a rigid matrix such as an epoxy. Matrix plays an important role in the determining the properties of the fiber composites, for instance mechanical and thermal properties can be tailored by changing molecular structure of the polymer matrix or incorporating nanoparticles in the matrix. The objective of this research is to evaluate, experimentally and analytically, at multiple length scales, the effects of adding spherical nanosilica (NS) particles on the thermomechanical properties of carbon/epoxy composites. Starting from a molecular scale, a novel thermodynamically fundamental mechanism is developed that simulates the cross-linking of epoxide and an aromatic amine (DETDA) curing agent. Good agreement between the simulations and the experimental results were seen for tensile modulus, glass transition temperature, and mass density. The complete simulation procedure, including cross-linking, equilibration and testing of the polymer, was carried out using reactive force fields.Epoxies cured with three different curing agents (3,3-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS), 4-4-DDS, and DETDA) were included in all the experiments. Epoxies with variable concentrations of NS were mechanically characterized for modulus, fracture toughness, density, and glass transition temperature. The addition of NS improved the modulus and fracture toughness, although it also decreased the glass transition temperature slightly, possibly due to the diluent component of the master batch of NS-filled bis F. This investigation provides, for the first time, a full set of 2-D lamina properties of T700 carbon fiber composites with 0 wt % NS (0NS) and 37 wt % NS (37NS) cured with DETDA. Equations for predicting the 2D properties as functions of NS and carbon fiber contents were developed using micromechanics principals and backed-out properties of T700 fibers. At the lamina level, NS increased the longitudinal and transverse compression strengths and descreased the transverse coefficient of thermal expansion, which are beneficial for overall composite performance. Using these predictive equations, a simple design exercise was conducted for []5 carbon/epoxy driveshafts with and without NS, considering strength, buckling, torsional stiffness, and whirl. The use of NS improved the safety factors for strength, buckling, and torsional stiffness for all ply angles. However, using NS increased the weight of the shaft and consequently reduced the safety factor for whirl at ply angles less than approximately 60 degrees, which is the realm where NS does not significantly increase the bending stiffness of the shaft due to the dominating effect of the fibers.Tubular specimens with 0, 15, 25 and 34 wt % NS cured with 4,4DDS and 0 and 37 wt % NS cured with DETDA were ballistically impacted at normal incidence and evaluated for damage area and residual torsional strength. This is the first study on NS-filled composites with ballistic impact where the projectile punctures through the composite. Incoporating NS into the composite decreased the projected damage area, increased the residual torsional strength, and increased the energy absorption per unit projected damage area. Specimens manufactured with 15NS/DDS and 25NS/DDS exhibited the highest residual strengths. An analytical model was developed to calculate the damage area and residual projectile velocity after normal-incidence impact. This model is an extension of a previous energy-based model for cross-ply laminates, with original modifications developed for angle plies and dual walls. Good agreement between the experimental and analytical residual velocities was obtained. Analytical and experimental damage areas display a similar trend with NS content, but the analytical damage areas were always less than the experimental areas. Tubular specimens with 0 and 15 wt % NS with DETDA curing agent were obliquely impacted with a ballistic projectile and subjected to residual torsional strength testing. No significant change in damage area or residual torsional strength was seen in these experiments, indicating a negligible effect of NS in an impact scenario where the oblique path of the projectile, rather than the toughness of the composite, is the main factor affecting the size of the damage zone.
Book Synopsis Multiscale Characterization and Modeling of Progressive Failure in Nano-graphene Reinforced Carbon/epoxy Composites by : Abhishek Kumar
Download or read book Multiscale Characterization and Modeling of Progressive Failure in Nano-graphene Reinforced Carbon/epoxy Composites written by Abhishek Kumar and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation studies the dispersion of nano graphene platelets in thermoset epoxy polymers for improving the mechanical and hygrothermal properties of nano composites and carbon fiber laminates. Barrier properties of graphene were investigated experimentally by adding 0.1-3 weight percentage of nano graphene to EPON 862 polymer and an analytical model for moisture diffusion in presence of nano graphene was derived assuming time-dependent diffusivity and moisture boundary conditions. Experimental studies were conducted for characterizing the fracture properties of 0.1 and 0.5 weight percentage nano graphene reinforced EPON 862 polymer in comparison to the unreinforced polymer. Pure Mode I, mixed mode and pure Mode II fracture experiments were performed. Remarkable improvement in fracture toughness across all modes was observed. Hydrogen passivation of graphene was employed to improve dispersion of nano graphene in epoxy. Graphene alignment was studied under an alternating current electric field. Mode I delamination experiments were conducted on unidirectional carbon fiber laminates with the polymer phase reinforced with small weight percentage of nano graphene. Significant improvements in initiation fracture energy and resistance to crack propagation was observed in nano graphene reinforced laminates. A theory that accounts for ductile to brittle transition in failure mode was developed to explain the nano scale toughness improvements observed in experiments. An analytical model for determining nano graphene size and orientation for maximum toughness enhancement depending on structural loading was derived and implemented in MATLAB. A hierarchical multiscale modeling technique was used to synergistically couple three different length regimes, nano scale (Molecular Dynamics), micro scale (Generalized Method of Cells) and macro scale (Finite Element Analysis), to capture the physics and length scale effects in a general structural problem (e.g. Open Hole Tension specimen). This work lays the foundation for the use of nano graphene composites for structural light weighting in future aerospace and automobile applications.
Book Synopsis Advanced Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Structural Applications by : Jiping Bai
Download or read book Advanced Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Structural Applications written by Jiping Bai and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-12-05 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Fibre-reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Structural Applications, Second Edition provides updates on new research that has been carried out on the use of FRP composites for structural applications. These include the further development of advanced FRP composites materials that achieve lighter and stronger FRP composites, how to enhance FRP integrated behavior through matrix modification, along with information on pretension treatments and intelligence technology. The development of new technology such as automated manufacturing and processing of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have played a significant role in optimizing fabrication processing and matrix formation. In this new edition, all chapters have been brought fully up-to-date to take on the key aspects mentioned above. The book's chapters cover all areas relevant to advanced FRP composites, from the material itself, its manufacturing, properties, testing and applications in structural and civil engineering. Applications span from civil engineering, to buildings and the energy industry. Covers all areas relevant to advanced FRP composites, from the material itself, its manufacturing, properties, testing and applications in structural engineering Features new manufacturing techniques, such as automated fiber placement and 3D printing of composites Includes various applications, such as prestressed-FRP, FRP made of short fibers, continuous structural health monitoring using advanced optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG), durability of FRP-strengthened structures, and the application of carbon nano-tubes or platelets for enhancing durability of FRP-bonded structures
Book Synopsis Hybrid Natural Fiber Composites by : Anish Khan
Download or read book Hybrid Natural Fiber Composites written by Anish Khan and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on natural fiber composites is an emerging area in the field of polymer science with tremendous growth potential for commercialization. Hybrid Natural Fiber Composites: Material Formulations, Processing, Characterization, Properties, and Engineering Applications provides updated information on all the important classes of natural fibers and their composites that can be used for a broad range of engineering applications. Leading researchers from industry, academia, government, and private research institutions from across the globe have contributed to this highly application-oriented book. The chapters showcase cutting-edge research discussing the current status, key trends, future directions, and opportunities. Focusing on the current state of the art, the authors aim to demonstrate the future potential of these materials in a broad range of demanding engineering applications. This book will act as a one-stop reference resource for academic and industrial researchers working in R&D departments involved in designing composite materials for semi structural engineering applications. Presents comprehensive information on the properties of hybrid natural fiber composites that demonstrate their ability to improve the hydrophobic nature of natural fiber composites Reviews recent developments in the research and development of hybrid natural fiber composites in various engineering applications Focuses on modern technologies and illustrates how hybrid natural fiber composites can be used as alternatives in structural components subjected to severe conditions
Book Synopsis Composite Materials by : Luigi Nicolais
Download or read book Composite Materials written by Luigi Nicolais and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-18 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composite Materials presents recent developments and state-of-the-art achievements in the science and technology of composites. It identifies and discusses key and emerging issues for future progress in the multidisciplinary field of composites. By bringing together leading experts and promising innovators from research institutions and academia, Composite Materials highlights unresolved issues and identifies opportunities for long-term research needs to provide the reader with a vision for the future in various fields of application of composite materials. A few of the many future directions highlighted in the book are increasingly multifunctional properties; complex, hybrid and nanoreinforced materials; and tailoring in multiple dimensions and directions. The wider areas covered include, but are not limited to, the following: biomedical engineering, civil engineering, aerospace engineering, automotive engineering, and naval engineering. Composite Materials is designed to increase the reader’s understanding of the state of the art of composite materials in a variety of industrial sectors and to explore future needs and opportunities. It will therefore be of use to professionals working in the composites industry, research centers, and academia, who already have a graduate-level knowledge of composite materials.
Book Synopsis Sustainable Composites for Aerospace Applications by : Mohammad Jawaid
Download or read book Sustainable Composites for Aerospace Applications written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Composites for Aerospace Applications presents innovative advances in the fabrication, characterization and applications of LDH polymer nanocomposites. It covers fundamental structural and chemical knowledge and explores various properties and characterization techniques, including microscopic, spectroscopic and mechanical behaviors. Users will find a strong focus on the potential applications of LDH polymer nanocomposites, such as in energy, electronics, electromagnetic shielding, biomedical, agricultural, food packaging and water purification functions. This book provides comprehensive coverage of cutting-edge research in the field of LDH polymer nanocomposites and future applications, and is an essential read for all academics, researchers, engineers and students working in this area. Presents fundamental knowledge of LDH polymer nanocomposites, including chemical composition, structural features and fabrication techniques Provides an analytical overview of the different types of characterization techniques and technologies Contains extensive reviews on cutting-edge research for future applications in a variety of industries
Book Synopsis Bioinspired Structures and Design by : Wole Soboyejo
Download or read book Bioinspired Structures and Design written by Wole Soboyejo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master simple to advanced biomaterials and structures with this essential text. Featuring topics ranging from bionanoengineered materials to bio-inspired structures for spacecraft and bio-inspired robots, and covering issues such as motility, sensing, control and morphology, this highly illustrated text walks the reader through key scientific and practical engineering principles, discussing properties, applications and design. Presenting case studies for the design of materials and structures at the nano, micro, meso and macro-scales, and written by some of the leading experts on the subject, this is the ideal introduction to this emerging field for students in engineering and science as well as researchers.
Book Synopsis Natural Fiber Composites by : R.D.S.G. Campilho
Download or read book Natural Fiber Composites written by R.D.S.G. Campilho and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-11-05 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings value to anyone working with or designing natural fiber composite structures. It helps readers understand the value these materials can add to projects, how to choose the best materials and treatments, how to safely design and fabricate products made of natural fiber composites, and how to test them for safety. It covers the characterization of natural fibers, matrices and respective composites, and how to enhance their performance and processing as well as testing and degradation issues.
