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Modeling Crustal Deformation Near Active Faults And Volcanic A Catalog Of Deformation Models
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Book Synopsis Modeling Crustal Deformation Near Active Faults and Volcanic - a Catalog of Deformation Models by : Maurizio Battaglia
Download or read book Modeling Crustal Deformation Near Active Faults and Volcanic - a Catalog of Deformation Models written by Maurizio Battaglia and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual provides the physical and mathematical concepts for selected models used to interpret deformation measurements near active faults and volcanic centers.
Book Synopsis Modeling Crustal Deformation Near Active Faults and Volcanic Centers--a Catalog of Deformation Models by : Maurizio Battaglia
Download or read book Modeling Crustal Deformation Near Active Faults and Volcanic Centers--a Catalog of Deformation Models written by Maurizio Battaglia and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Earthquake and Volcano Deformation by : Paul Segall
Download or read book Earthquake and Volcano Deformation written by Paul Segall and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-24 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquake and Volcano Deformation is the first textbook to present the mechanical models of earthquake and volcanic processes, emphasizing earth-surface deformations that can be compared with observations from Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, Interferometric Radar (InSAR), and borehole strain- and tiltmeters. Paul Segall provides the physical and mathematical fundamentals for the models used to interpret deformation measurements near active faults and volcanic centers. Segall highlights analytical methods of continuum mechanics applied to problems of active crustal deformation. Topics include elastic dislocation theory in homogeneous and layered half-spaces, crack models of faults and planar intrusions, elastic fields due to pressurized spherical and ellipsoidal magma chambers, time-dependent deformation resulting from faulting in an elastic layer overlying a viscoelastic half-space and related earthquake cycle models, poroelastic effects due to faulting and magma chamber inflation in a fluid-saturated crust, and the effects of gravity on deformation. He also explains changes in the gravitational field due to faulting and magmatic intrusion, effects of irregular surface topography and earth curvature, and modern concepts in rate- and state-dependent fault friction. This textbook presents sample calculations and compares model predictions against field data from seismic and volcanic settings from around the world. Earthquake and Volcano Deformation requires working knowledge of stress and strain, and advanced calculus. It is appropriate for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in geophysics, geology, and engineering. Professors: A supplementary Instructor's Manual is available for this book. It is restricted to teachers using the text in courses. For information on how to obtain a copy, refer to: https://press.princeton.edu/class_use/solutions.html
Book Synopsis An Elastic Model for Volcanology by : Andrea Aspri
Download or read book An Elastic Model for Volcanology written by Andrea Aspri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-08 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents a rigorous mathematical framework for a linear elastic model arising from volcanology that explains deformation effects generated by inflating or deflating magma chambers in the Earth’s interior. From a mathematical perspective, these modeling assumptions manifest as a boundary value problem that has long been known by researchers in volcanology, but has not, until now, been given a thorough mathematical treatment. This mathematical study gives an explicit formula for the solution of the boundary value problem which generalizes the few well-known, explicit solutions found in geophysics literature. Using two distinct analytical approaches—one involving weighted Sobolev spaces, and the other using single and double layer potentials—the well-posedness of the elastic model is proven. An Elastic Model for Volcanology will be of particular interest to mathematicians researching inverse problems, as well as geophysicists studying volcanology.
Book Synopsis Volcano Deformation by : Daniel Dzurisin
Download or read book Volcano Deformation written by Daniel Dzurisin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-24 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volcanoes and eruptions are dramatic surface man telemetry and processing, and volcano-deformation ifestations of dynamic processes within the Earth, source models over the past three decades. There has mostly but not exclusively localized along the been a virtual explosion of volcano-geodesy studies boundaries of Earth's relentlessly shifting tectonic and in the modeling and interpretation of ground plates. Anyone who has witnessed volcanic activity deformation data. Nonetheless, other than selective, has to be impressed by the variety and complexity of brief summaries in journal articles and general visible eruptive phenomena. Equally complex, works on volcano-monitoring and hazards mitiga however, if not even more so, are the geophysical, tion (e. g. , UNESCO, 1972; Agnew, 1986; Scarpa geochemical, and hydrothermal processes that occur and Tilling, 1996), a modern, comprehensive treat underground - commonly undetectable by the ment of volcano geodesy and its applications was human senses - before, during, and after eruptions. non-existent, until now. Experience at volcanoes worldwide has shown that, In the mid-1990s, when Daniel Dzurisin (DZ to at volcanoes with adequate instrumental monitor friends and colleagues) was serving as the Scientist ing, nearly all eruptions are preceded and accom in-Charge of the USGS Cascades Volcano Observa panied by measurable changes in the physical and tory (CVO), I first learned of his dream to write a (or) chemical state of the volcanic system. While book on volcano geodesy.
Book Synopsis Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards by : Roberto Scarpa
Download or read book Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards written by Roberto Scarpa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the year 2000, the number of people at risk from volcanic hazards is likely to increase to around half a billion. Since 1980, significant advances have been made in volcano monitoring, the data from which provides the sole scientific basis for eruption prediction. Here, internationally renowned and highly experienced specialists provide 25 comprehensive articles covering a wide range of related topics: monitoring techniques and data analysis; modelling of monitoring data and eruptive phenomena; volcanic hazards and risk assessment; and volcanic emergency management. Selected case histories of recent volcanic disasters, such as Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, demonstrate that effective communication - between scientists, civil authorities, the media and the population at risk - is essential to reducing the danger.
Book Synopsis Cutting-Edge Analogue Modeling Techniques Applied to Study Earth Systems by : Mélody Philippon
Download or read book Cutting-Edge Analogue Modeling Techniques Applied to Study Earth Systems written by Mélody Philippon and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-16 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Frontiers in Seafloor Geodesy by : Ryota Hino
Download or read book Frontiers in Seafloor Geodesy written by Ryota Hino and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-01 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fault-related Deformation Over Geologic Time by : Peter James Lovely
Download or read book Fault-related Deformation Over Geologic Time written by Peter James Lovely and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough understanding of the kinematic and mechanical evolution of fault-related structures is of great value, both academic (e.g. How do mountains form?) and practical (e.g. How are valuable hydrocarbons trapped in fault-related folds?). Precise knowledge of the present-day geometry is necessary to know where to drill for hydrocarbons. Understanding the evolution of a structure, including displacement fields, strain and stress history, may offer powerful insights to how and if hydrocarbons might have migrated, and the most efficient way to extract them. Small structures, including faults, fractures, pressure solution seams, and localized compaction, which may strongly influence subsurface fluid flow, may be predictable with a detailed mechanical understanding of a structure's evolution. The primary focus of this thesis is the integration of field observations, geospatial data including airborne LiDAR, and numerical modeling to investigate three dimensional deformational patterns associated with fault slip accumulated over geologic time scales. The work investigates contractional tectonics at Sheep Mountain anticline, Greybull, WY, and extensional tectonics at the Volcanic Tableland, Bishop, CA. A detailed geometric model is a necessary prerequisite for complete kinematic or mechanical analysis of any structure. High quality 3D seismic imaging data provides the means to characterize fold geometry for many subsurface industrial applications; however, such data is expensive, availability is limited, and data quality is often poor in regions of high topography where outcrop exposures are best. A new method for using high resolution topographic data, geologic field mapping and numerical interpolation is applied to model the 3D geometry of a reservoir-scale fold at Sheep Mountain anticline. The Volcanic Tableland is a classic field site for studies of fault slip scaling relationships and conceptual models for evolution of normal faults. Three dimensional elastic models are used to constrain subsurface fault geometry from detailed maps of fault scarps and topography, and to reconcile two potentially competing conceptual models for fault growth: by coalescence and by subsidiary faulting. The Tableland fault array likely initiated as a broad array of small faults, and as some have grown and coalesced, their strain shadows have inhibited the growth and initiation of nearby faults. The Volcanic Tableland also is used as a geologic example in a study of the capabilities and limitations of mechanics-based restoration, a relatively new approach to modeling in structural geology that provides distinct advantages over traditional kinematic methods, but that is significantly hampered by unphysical boundary conditions. The models do not accurately represent geological strain and stress distributions, as many have hoped. A new mechanics-based retrodeformational technique that is not subject to the same unphysical boundary conditions is suggested. However, the method, which is based on reversal of tectonic loads that may be optimized by paleostress analysis, restores only that topography which may be explained by an idealized elastic model. Elastic models are appealing for mechanical analysis of fault-related deformation because the linear nature of such models lends itself to retrodeformation and provides computationally efficient and stable numerical implementation for simulating slip distributions and associated deformation in complicated 3D fault systems. However, cumulative rock deformation is not elastic. Synthetic models are applied to investigate the implications of assuming elastic deformation and frictionless fault slip, as opposed to a more realistic elasto-plastic deformation with frictional fault slip. Results confirm that elastic models are limited in their ability to simulate geologic stress distributions, but that they may provide a reasonable, first-order approximation of strain tensor orientation and the distribution of relative strain perturbations, particularly distal from fault tips. The kinematics of elastic and elasto-plastic models diverge in the vicinity of fault tips. Results emphasize the importance of accurately and completely representing subsurface fault geometry in linear or nonlinear models.
Book Synopsis Continuous Broadband Monitoring of Crustal Deformation Near Active Faults in Southern California by : Duncan Carr Agnew
Download or read book Continuous Broadband Monitoring of Crustal Deformation Near Active Faults in Southern California written by Duncan Carr Agnew and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis From Tsunami Science to Hazard and Risk Assessment: Methods and Models by : Stefano Lorito
Download or read book From Tsunami Science to Hazard and Risk Assessment: Methods and Models written by Stefano Lorito and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigating Fault System Deformation with Numerical Models and Analog Experiments by : Justin W. Herbert
Download or read book Investigating Fault System Deformation with Numerical Models and Analog Experiments written by Justin W. Herbert and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation aims to understand fault system deformation using numerical models and analog experiments. In southern California, the southern Big Bend of the San Andreas fault (SAF) is a zone of transpression that accommodates deformation associated with the Pacific-North American plate boundary. Using three-dimensional boundary element method (BEM) models, I test the sensitivity of fault slip rates to a range of tectonic boundary conditions constrained by Global Positioning System (GPS) studies of the region (45-50 mm/yr and 320°- 325°). I have modified fault configurations derived from the Southern California Earthquake Center Community Fault Model of the San Gorgonio knot and the eastern California shear zone (ECSZ) to better represent the disconnected nature of active faults in southern California. The models with revised fault geometry produce slip rates that better match geologic strike-slip rates, thus validating the revisions. More northerly plate velocity (325°) produces greater transpression along the SAF system associated with greater uplift of the San Bernardino Mountains, greater reverse-slip rates along range bounding reverse thrust faults, lower strike-slip rates along the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults, and greater strike-slip rates along the eastern California shear zone (ECSZ) and Garlock fault. These results suggest that the degree of regional transpression controls the partitioning of deformation between uplift and slip along both the SAF system and the ECSZ. Along the San Bernardino strand of the SAF and across the ECSZ, geologic slip rates differ from those inverted from geodetic measurements, which may partly be due to inaccurate fault connectivity within geodetic models. I compare results from fault networks that follow mapped geologic traces and resemble those used in block model inversions, which connect the San Jacinto fault to the SAF near Cajon Pass and connect distinct faults within the ECSZ. The connection of the SAF with the San Jacinto fault decreases strike-slip rates along the SAF by up to 10% and increases strike-slip rates along the San Jacinto fault by up to 16%; however, slip rate changes are still within the large geologic ranges along the SAF. The insensitivity of modeled interseismic surface velocities near Cajon Pass to fault connection suggests that inverse models may utilize both an incorrect fault geometry and slip rate and still provide an excellent fit to interseismic geodetic data. Similarly, connection of faults within the ECSZ produces 36% greater cumulative strike-slip rates but less than 17% increase in interseismic velocity. Within the models that follow the mapped traces, off-fault deformation accounts for 40% ± 23% of the total strain across the ECSZ. This suggests that a significant portion of the discrepancy between the geologic and geodetically modeled slip rates in the ECSZ could be due to the geodetic inversion model assumption of zero permanent off-fault deformation. When using overconnected models to invert GPS for slip rates, the reduced off-fault deformation within the models can lead to overprediction of slip rates. Analog models of sandbox experiments performed at the Universite de Cergy-Pontoise (UCP) shed light on the amount of work required to create faults (Wgrow) in coarse sand. Casagrande shear experiments calculate a Wgrow that is consistent with that calculated in the sandbox and both values scale properly to crustal calculations. Calculations of Wgrow are higher for thicker sand pack layer experiments. Utilizing different materials within the compressional sandbox (GA39 sand and glass beads) shows the control of material properties on Wgrow as well. Numerical simulations of the UCP sandbox experiments test whether fault growth occurs via work minimization. To the first order, faults observed in sandbox experiments match the model predicted faults that minimize work in two-dimensional BEM simulations. The BEM models and work minimization shed light on fault growth path and timing.
Book Synopsis Three-dimensional Modelling of Crustal Deformation Along a Fault by : W. Scott Dunbar
Download or read book Three-dimensional Modelling of Crustal Deformation Along a Fault written by W. Scott Dunbar and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Volcanic Unrest by : Joachim Gottsmann
Download or read book Volcanic Unrest written by Joachim Gottsmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-18 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book summarizes the findings of the VUELCO project, a multi-disciplinary and cross-boundary research funded by the European Commission's 7th framework program. It comprises four broad topics: 1. The global significance of volcanic unrest 2. Geophysical and geochemical fingerprints of unrest and precursory activity 3. Magma dynamics leading to unrest phenomena 4. Bridging the gap between science and decision-making Volcanic unrest is a complex multi-hazard phenomenon. The fact that unrest may, or may not lead to an imminent eruption contributes significant uncertainty to short-term volcanic hazard and risk assessment. Although it is reasonable to assume that all eruptions are associated with precursory activity of some sort, the understanding of the causative links between subsurface processes, resulting unrest signals and imminent eruption is incomplete. When a volcano evolves from dormancy into a phase of unrest, important scientific, political and social questions need to be addressed. This book is aimed at graduate students, researchers of volcanic phenomena, professionals in volcanic hazard and risk assessment, observatory personnel, as well as emergency managers who wish to learn about the complex nature of volcanic unrest and how to utilize new findings to deal with unrest phenomena at scientific and emergency managing levels. This book is open access under a CC BY license.
Book Synopsis Finite Element Modeling of Crustal Deformation in the Loma Prieta Region by : Eugene Humphreys
Download or read book Finite Element Modeling of Crustal Deformation in the Loma Prieta Region written by Eugene Humphreys and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Volcanic and Igneous Plumbing Systems by : Steffi Burchardt
Download or read book Volcanic and Igneous Plumbing Systems written by Steffi Burchardt and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volcanic and Igneous Plumbing Systems: Understanding Magma Transport, Storage, and Evolution in the Earth's Crust synthesizes research from various geoscience disciplines to examine volcanic and igneous plumbing systems (VIPS) in-depth. VIPS comprise a network of magma transport and storage features in the Earth's crust. These features include dykes, sills and larger magma bodies that form the pathway and supply system of magma beneath active volcanoes. Combining basic principles with world-class research and informative illustrations, this unique reference presents a holistic view of each topic covered, including magma transport, magma chambers, tectonics and volcanism. Addressing a variety of approaches to these topics, this book offers researchers and academics in the Earth Science fields, such as geophysics, volcanology and igneous petrology the information they need to apply the information to their own disciplines. - Provides an easily understandable overview of current research on volcanic and igneous plumbing systems - Includes full color illustrations to increase understanding - Covers fundamental information needed to optimize comprehension - Features a field example from world-class research in each chapter, including photographs and maps
Book Synopsis Numerical Models of Crustal Deformation by : Dan Douglas Kosloff
Download or read book Numerical Models of Crustal Deformation written by Dan Douglas Kosloff and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
