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Modeling Corrosion And Constituent Release From A Metal Waste Form
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Book Synopsis Modeling Corrosion and Constituent Release from a Metal Waste Form by :
Download or read book Modeling Corrosion and Constituent Release from a Metal Waste Form written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several ANL ongoing experimental programs have measured metal waste form (MWF) corrosion and constituent release. Analysis of this data has initiated development of a consistent and quantitative phenomenology of uniform aqueous MWF corrosion. The effort so far has produced a preliminary fission product and actinide release model based on measured corrosion rates and calibrated by immersion test data for a 90 C J-13 and concentrated J-13 solution environment over 1-2 year exposure times. Ongoing immersion tests of irradiated and unirradiated MWF samples using more aggressive test conditions and improved tracking of actinides will serve to further validate, modify, and expand the application base of the preliminary model-including effects of other corrosion mechanisms. Sample examination using both mechanical and spectrographic techniques will better define both the nature and durability of the protective barrier layer. It is particularly important to assess whether the observations made with J-13 solution at 900 C persist under more aggressive conditions. For example, all the multiplicative factors in Table 1 implicitly assume the presence of protective barriers. Under sufficiently aggressive test conditions, such protective barriers may very well be altered or even eliminated.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Long - Term Degradation of a Metallic Waste Form by :
Download or read book Modeling the Long - Term Degradation of a Metallic Waste Form written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal aim of this effort is to develop models of long-term metal waste form (MWF) degradation that are credible, mechanistically based, and empirically calibrated. Utilizing new experimental data and analyses, this paper outlines an updated approach and summarizes the progress made. The current modeling approach emphasizes the analysis of constituent release data from immersion tests. A significant amount of recently obtained immersion test data is described. Test solutions included both mild (well-water), and aggressive (high-chloride and strongly acidic) environments. In addition to predominant constituents Fe, Zr, Cr, and Ni, MWF test samples included: U, Pu, Tc, and Np. Guided by analysis of new immersion test data, a mechanistic model has been developed that describes the time dependence of MWF corrosion leading to passivation. A common functional form relates MWF degradation from different passivating solution environments via scale factors for magnitude and passivation time. Passivation is identified as the most important factor governing long-term durability, along with the long-term stability of oxide barrier layers that cause passivation. Experimental data demonstrated passivation behavior in nominal well water, concentrated well water, an aggressive high-chloride solution, but not in a strong acid. Credible bounding estimates of long-term corrosion for nominal well water solution environments are based on fits to time dependence scaled by the measured release of uranium (empirically identified as the most efficiently released MWF constituent). These estimates involve no significant extrapolation beyond the data and time span of the present experiments. However, using the mechanistic model, these estimates of corrosion and release could be lowered and/or extended to more aggressive solution environments (via scale factors) provided barrier layer stability can be assumed (or demonstrated) to persist for longer times.
Book Synopsis Metal Waste Form Corrosion Release Data from Immersion Tests by :
Download or read book Metal Waste Form Corrosion Release Data from Immersion Tests written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The compilation of Metal Waste Form (MWF) immersion test data in this document is part of the effort initiated to qualify the stainless steel-15% zirconium (SS-15Zr) alloy for repository disposal. The SS-15Zr alloy was developed as part of the waste stream from the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) electrometallurgical process for spent nuclear fuel. There were four areas of significant relevance concerning MWF performance in a long-term repository setting addressed in the test model. The areas encompassed the study of the effects of (1) the solution aggressiveness [simulated by concentrated J13 solution (CJ13)], (2) high-chloride content of the solution [simulated by 10,000 ppm chloride solution (10KCl)], (3) solution pH [simulated by acidified J13 solution (AJ13)], and (4) the state of the metal surface--polished vs. oxidized on the releases. The simulated J-13 solution was intended to replicate the groundwater in the J-13 well at the Yucca Mountain geologic repository. A fifth area of interest was to determine if the releases were limited by iron saturation of the solution. The data obtained from the entire study will be compared with the data from the High Level Waste Glass (HLWG) form previously qualified for repository disposal. Even though the MWF samples used in these tests contained no actinides and no Tc, conclusions can be made with respect to the releases of the noble metal fission products and the stainless steel constituents. Fe releases are an order of magnitude or higher than the releases of the noble metal fission-product elements in all solutions. Releases of noble metal fission products and Cr and Ni in SJ13 and CJ13 solutions at 90 C are close to the limits of detection. Solution concentration increased the Zr release. Zr releases from CJ13 were about a factor of 2 lower than the Fe release. In CJ13, Zr releases from oxidized samples were higher than from polished samples. Releases of all elements increased in the AJ13, pH=2 solution. Total cumulative releases as a function of time continued to increase for the 308 days of tests unlike the behavior in other test solutions. Tests in solutions with pH between 2 and 8 are needed to understand the different behavior. Except for high chloride solutions, (10KCl), release rates of stainless steel elements and noble metal fission products from the MWF samples are lower than release rates from HLWG.
Book Synopsis Corrosion Mechanisms for Metal Alloy Waste Forms - Experiment and Theory Level 4 Milestone M4FT-14LA0804024 Fuel Cycle Research & Development by :
Download or read book Corrosion Mechanisms for Metal Alloy Waste Forms - Experiment and Theory Level 4 Milestone M4FT-14LA0804024 Fuel Cycle Research & Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document meets Level 4 Milestone: Corrosion mechanisms for metal alloy waste forms - experiment and theory. A multiphysics model is introduces that will provide the framework for the quantitative prediction of corrosion rates of metallic waste forms incorporating the fission product Tc. The model requires a knowledge of the properties of not only the metallic waste form, but also the passive oxide films that will be generated on the waste form, and the chemistry of the metal/oxide and oxide/environment interfaces. in collaboration with experimental work, the focus of this work is on obtaining these properties from fundamental atomistic models. herein we describe the overall multiphysics model, which is based on MacDonald's point-defect model for passivity. We then present the results of detailed electronic-structure calculations for the determination of the compatibility and properties of Tc when incorporated into intermetallic oxide phases. This work is relevant to the formation of multi-component oxides on metal surfaces that will incorporate Tc, and provide a kinetic barrier to corrosion (i.e. the release of Tc to the environment). Atomistic models that build upon the electronic structure calculations are then described using the modified embedded atom method to simulate metallic dissolution, and Buckingham potentials to perform classical molecular dynamics and statics simulations of the technetium (and, later, iron-technetium) oxide phases. Electrochemical methods were then applied to provide some benchmark information of the corrosion and electrochemical properties of Technetium metal. The results indicate that published information on Tc passivity is not complete and that further investigation is warranted.
Book Synopsis Electrometallurgical Techniques for DOE Spent Fuel Treatment by : National Research Council
Download or read book Electrometallurgical Techniques for DOE Spent Fuel Treatment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-11 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Committee on Electrometallurgical Techniques for DOE Spent Fuel Treatment was formed in September 1994 in response to a request made to the National Research Council (NRC) by the U.S. Department of Energy DOE. DOE requested an evaluation of electrometallurgical processing technology proposed by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) for the treatment of DOE spent nuclear fuel. Electrometallurgical treatment of spent reactor fuel involves a set of operations designed to remove the remaining uranium metal and to incorporate the radioactive nuclides into well defined and reproducible waste streams. Over the course of the committee's operating life, this charge has remained constant. Within the framework of this overall charge, the scope of the committee's workâ€"as defined by its statement of taskâ€"has evolved in response to further requests from DOE, as well as technical accomplishments and regulatory and legal considerations. As part of its task, the committee has provided periodic assessments of ANL's R&D program on the electrometallurgical technology. Electrometallurgical Techniques for DOE Spent Fuel Treatment assesses the viability of electrometallurgical technology for treating DOE spent nuclear fuel and monitors the scientific and technical progress of the ANL program on electrometallurgical technology, specifically within the context of ANL's demonstration project on electrometallurgical treatment of EBR-II SNF. This report evaluates ANL's performance relative to the success criteria for the demonstration project, which have served as the basis for judging the efficacy of using electrometallurgical technology for the treatment of EBR-II spent nuclear fuel. It also addresses post-demonstration activities related to ANL's electrometallurgical demonstration project, and makes related recommendations in this area.
Book Synopsis Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy by : George Wicks
Download or read book Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy written by George Wicks and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-10 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This useful, one-stop resource for understanding the most important issues in materials challenges in alternative and renewable energy. The logically organized and carefully selected articles give insight into materials challenges in alternative renewable energy and incorporate the latest developments related to materials challenges in alternative renewable energy, including hydrogen, batteries and energy storage materials, hydropower, and biomass.
Book Synopsis Corrosion Mechanisms for Metal Alloy Waste Forms by :
Download or read book Corrosion Mechanisms for Metal Alloy Waste Forms written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document meets Level 4 Milestone: Corrosion mechanisms for metal alloy waste forms - experiment and theory. A multiphysics model is introduces that will provide the framework for the quantitative prediction of corrosion rates of metallic waste forms incorporating the fission product Tc. The model requires a knowledge of the properties of not only the metallic waste form, but also the passive oxide films that will be generated on the waste form, and the chemistry of the metal/oxide and oxide/environment interfaces. in collaboration with experimental work, the focus of this work is on obtaining these properties from fundamental atomistic models. herein we describe the overall multiphysics model, which is based on MacDonald's point-defect model for passivity. We then present the results of detailed electronic-structure calculations for the determination of the compatibility and properties of Tc when incorporated into intermetallic oxide phases. This work is relevant to the formation of multi-component oxides on metal surfaces that will incorporate Tc, and provide a kinetic barrier to corrosion (id est the release of Tc to the environment). Atomistic models that build upon the electronic structure calculations are then described using the modified embedded atom method to simulate metallic dissolution, and Buckingham potentials to perform classical molecular dynamics and statics simulations of the technetium (and, later, iron-technetium) oxide phases. Electrochemical methods were then applied to provide some benchmark information of the corrosion and electrochemical properties of Technetium metal. The results indicate that published information on Tc passivity is not complete and that further investigation is warranted.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Nuclear Materials by :
Download or read book Comprehensive Nuclear Materials written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 4871 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials in a nuclear environment are exposed to extreme conditions of radiation, temperature and/or corrosion, and in many cases the combination of these makes the material behavior very different from conventional materials. This is evident for the four major technological challenges the nuclear technology domain is facing currently: (i) long-term operation of existing Generation II nuclear power plants, (ii) the design of the next generation reactors (Generation IV), (iii) the construction of the ITER fusion reactor in Cadarache (France), (iv) and the intermediate and final disposal of nuclear waste. In order to address these challenges, engineers and designers need to know the properties of a wide variety of materials under these conditions and to understand the underlying processes affecting changes in their behavior, in order to assess their performance and to determine the limits of operation. Comprehensive Nuclear Materials, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set provides broad ranging, validated summaries of all the major topics in the field of nuclear material research for fission as well as fusion reactor systems. Attention is given to the fundamental scientific aspects of nuclear materials: fuel and structural materials for fission reactors, waste materials, and materials for fusion reactors. The articles are written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource of information. Most of the chapters from the first Edition have been revised and updated and a significant number of new topics are covered in completely new material. During the ten years between the two editions, the challenge for applications of nuclear materials has been significantly impacted by world events, public awareness, and technological innovation. Materials play a key role as enablers of new technologies, and we trust that this new edition of Comprehensive Nuclear Materials has captured the key recent developments. Critically reviews the major classes and functions of materials, supporting the selection, assessment, validation and engineering of materials in extreme nuclear environments Comprehensive resource for up-to-date and authoritative information which is not always available elsewhere, even in journals Provides an in-depth treatment of materials modeling and simulation, with a specific focus on nuclear issues Serves as an excellent entry point for students and researchers new to the field
Book Synopsis Glass as a Waste Form and Vitrification Technology by : National Research Council
Download or read book Glass as a Waste Form and Vitrification Technology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-03-02 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Safety Assessment Methodologies for Near Surface Disposal Facilities: Review and enhancement of safety assessment approaches and tools by :
Download or read book Safety Assessment Methodologies for Near Surface Disposal Facilities: Review and enhancement of safety assessment approaches and tools written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ISAM project involved the review and enhancement of post-closure safety assessment methodologies and tools for both existing and proposed near surface radioactive waste disposal facilities. The main objectives of the project were to: (a) provide a critical evaluation of the approaches and tools used in the post-closure safety assessment of proposed and existing near surface radioactive waste disposal facilities; (b) enhance the approaches and tools used; (c) build confidence in the approaches and tools used. In order to help achieve these objectives, the ISAM project paid particular attention to discussing, agreeing and setting down a safety assessment methodology. The ISAM project primarily focused on developing a consensus on the methodological aspects of safety assessment, but also gave considerable attention to illustrating the application of the methodology to three main types of disposal facilities (vault, RADON and borehole type disposal facilities).--Publisher description.
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Materials Coordinating Committe (EMaCC): Fiscal Year 2004 Annual Technical Report by :
Download or read book Energy Materials Coordinating Committe (EMaCC): Fiscal Year 2004 Annual Technical Report written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-11 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Materials Coordinating Committe (EMaCC): Fiscal Year 2002 Annual Technical Report by :
Download or read book Energy Materials Coordinating Committe (EMaCC): Fiscal Year 2002 Annual Technical Report written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Materials Coordinating Committe (EMaCC): Fiscal Year 1997 Annual Technical Report by :
Download or read book Energy Materials Coordinating Committe (EMaCC): Fiscal Year 1997 Annual Technical Report written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Basalt Waste Isolation Project, Hanford Site Characterization Report by :
Download or read book Basalt Waste Isolation Project, Hanford Site Characterization Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology by :
Download or read book Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes English language abstracts from Japanese articles in Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai Shi (Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan).
