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Modele De Traduction Statistique A Fragments Enrichi Par La Syntaxe
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Book Synopsis Modèle de traduction statistique à fragments enrichi par la syntaxe by : Vassilina Nikoulina (auteure en informatique).)
Download or read book Modèle de traduction statistique à fragments enrichi par la syntaxe written by Vassilina Nikoulina (auteure en informatique).) and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les modèles de traduction automatique probabiliste traditionnel ignorent la structure syntaxique des phrases source et cible. Le choix des unités lexicales cible et de leur ordre est contrôlé uniquement par des statistiques de surface sur le corpus d'entraînement. La connaissance de la structure linguistique peut-être bénéfique, car elle fournit des informations génériques compensant la pauvreté des données directement observables. Nos travaux ont pour but d'étudier l'impact des informations syntaxiques sur un modèle de traduction probabiliste de base, fondé sur des fragments, dans le cadre d'un analyseur dépendanciel particulier, XIP, dont la performance est bien adaptée à nos besoins. Nous étudions d'abord l'intégration des informations syntaxiques dans un but de reclassement des traductions proposées par le modèle de base? Nous définissons un ensemble de traits mesurant la similarité entre les structures de dépendance source et cible, et des traits de cohérence linguistique (basés sur l'analyse cible). L'apprentissage automatique des poids de ces traits permet de détecter leurs importance. L'évaluation manuelle des différents modèles de reclassement nous a permis de montrer le potentiel de ces traits pour améliorer la qualité des traductions proposées par le modèle de base. Ensuite, nous avons proposé un modèle pour réduire la taille du graphe des hypothèses exploré par le modèle de base à l'aide de connaissances sur la structure syntaxique source. Nous avons également proposé une procédure de décomposition d'une phrase source initiale en sous-phrases pour simplifier la tâche de traduction. Les évaluations initiales de ces modèles se sont montrées prometteuses
Book Synopsis The Antiquarians of the Nation by : Francesca Zantedeschi
Download or read book The Antiquarians of the Nation written by Francesca Zantedeschi and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-01-03 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the nineteenth century, the search for the artistic, architectural and written monuments promoted by the French State with the aim to build a unified nation transcending regional specificities, also fostered the development of local or regional identitary consciousness. In Roussillon, this distinctive consciousness relied on a basically cultural concept of nation epitomised mainly by the Catalan language – Roussillon being composed of Catalan counties annexed to France in 1659. In The Antiquarians of the Nation, Francesca Zantedeschi explores how the works of Roussillon's archaeologists and philologists, who retrieved and enhanced the Catalan specificities of the region, contributed to the early stages of a ‘national’ (Catalan) cultural revival, and galvanised the implicit debate between (French) national history and incipient regional studies.
Book Synopsis Functional Approaches to Culture and Translation by : Dirk Delabastita
Download or read book Functional Approaches to Culture and Translation written by Dirk Delabastita and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2006-10-31 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a generous selection of articles on translation by Professor José Lambert (K.U. Leuven). It traces the intellectual itinerary of their author, who started out as a French and Comparative Literature scholar some four decades ago trying to get a better grip on the problem of inter-literary contacts, and who soon became a key figure in the emergent discipline of Translation Studies, where he is widely known as an indefatigable promoter of descriptively oriented research. This collection shows how José Lambert has never stopped asking new questions about the crucial but often hidden role of language and translation in the world of today. It includes some of the author’s classic papers as well as a few lesser known ones that deserve wider circulation. The editors’ introduction and the bibliography complete this thought-provoking survey of the career of one of the most creative researchers in the field.
Book Synopsis La traduction de l'anglais au français by : Michel Ballard
Download or read book La traduction de l'anglais au français written by Michel Ballard and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: S'adressant à ceux qui souhaitent s'initier et s'entraîner, de manière raisonnée, à la pratique de la traduction, cet ouvrage offre une méthode d'analyse originale et efficace. La pratique observée est sans cesse présente sous forme d'exemples abondants et variés, les principes dégagés sont illustrés par des exercices. La démarche utilise les différents apports des sciences du langage en les subordonnant à la spécificité de l'acte de traduire. Les termes techniques sont chaque fois clairement définis. L'ordre suivi va du signe à l'énoncé, sans jamais perdre de vue les éléments constituants d'un ensemble qui est le texte. L'ouvrage représente un ensemble cohérent disposé avec ordre mais dont les éléments modulaires sont utilisables séparément, un système de renvois multiples permettant de mettre en perspective les chapitres.
Book Synopsis Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen) by : Hsain Ilahiane
Download or read book Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen) written by Hsain Ilahiane and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Berbers, also known as Imazighen, are the ancient inhabitants of North Africa, but rarely have they formed an actual kingdom or separate nation state. Ranging anywhere between 15-50 million, depending on how they are classified, the Berbers have influenced the culture and religion of Roman North Africa and played key roles in the spread of Islam and its culture in North Africa, Spain, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Taken together, these dynamics have over time converted to redefine the field of Berber identity and its socio-political representations and symbols, making it an even more important issue in the 21st century. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of the Berbers contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 200 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, places, events, institutions, and aspects of culture, society, economy, and politics. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Berbers.
Book Synopsis Speech-to-Speech Translation by : Yutaka Kidawara
Download or read book Speech-to-Speech Translation written by Yutaka Kidawara and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the readers with retrospective and prospective views with detailed explanations of component technologies, speech recognition, language translation and speech synthesis. Speech-to-speech translation system (S2S) enables to break language barriers, i.e., communicate each other between any pair of person on the glove, which is one of extreme dreams of humankind. People, society, and economy connected by S2S will demonstrate explosive growth without exception. In 1986, Japan initiated basic research of S2S, then the idea spread world-wide and were explored deeply by researchers during three decades. Now, we see S2S application on smartphone/tablet around the world. Computational resources such as processors, memories, wireless communication accelerate this computation-intensive systems and accumulation of digital data of speech and language encourage recent approaches based on machine learning. Through field experiments after long research in laboratories, S2S systems are being well-developed and now ready to utilized in daily life. Unique chapter of this book is end-2-end evaluation by comparing system’s performance and human competence. The effectiveness of the system would be understood by the score of this evaluation. The book will end with one of the next focus of S2S will be technology of simultaneous interpretation for lecture, broadcast news and so on.
Download or read book Divagations written by Stphane Mallarm and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-15 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is a book just the way I don't like them," the father of French Symbolism, Stphane Mallarm, informs the reader in his preface to Divagations: "scattered and with no architecture." On the heels of this caveat, Mallarm's diverting, discursive, and gorgeously disordered 1897 masterpiece tumbles forth--and proves itself to be just the sort of book his readers like most. The salmagundi of prose poems, prose-poetic musings, criticism, and reflections that is Divagations has long been considered a treasure trove by students of aesthetics and modern poetry. If Mallarm captured the tone and very feel of fin-de-sicle Paris, he went on to captivate the minds of the greatest writers of the twentieth century--from Valry and Eliot to Paul de Man and Jacques Derrida. This was the only book of prose he published in his lifetime and, in a new translation by Barbara Johnson, is now available for the first time in English as Mallarm arranged it. The result is an entrancing work through which a notoriously difficult-to-translate voice shines in all of its languor and musicality. Whether contemplating the poetry of Tennyson, the possibilities of language, a masturbating priest, or the transporting power of dance, Mallarm remains a fascinating companion--charming, opinionated, and pedantic by turns. As an expression of the Symbolist movement and as a contribution to literary studies, Divagations is vitally important. But it is also, in Johnson's masterful translation, endlessly mesmerizing.
Book Synopsis Intercultural Competence by : Gerhard Neuner
Download or read book Intercultural Competence written by Gerhard Neuner and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis "Our Fathers Have Told Us." by : John Ruskin
Download or read book "Our Fathers Have Told Us." written by John Ruskin and published by . This book was released on 1902 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Fragments of Anaxagoras by : Anaxagoras
Download or read book The Fragments of Anaxagoras written by Anaxagoras and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Elements of French Grammar by : C. F. L'Homond
Download or read book Elements of French Grammar written by C. F. L'Homond and published by . This book was released on 1848 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Egyptian Epigraphy and Palaeography by : Vanessa Davies
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Egyptian Epigraphy and Palaeography written by Vanessa Davies and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-03-13 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unique relationship between word and image in ancient Egypt is a defining feature of that ancient culture's records. All hieroglyphic texts are composed of images, and large-scale figural imagery in temples and tombs is often accompanied by texts. Epigraphy and palaeography are two distinct, but closely related, ways of recording, analyzing, and interpreting texts and images. This Handbook stresses technical issues about recording text and art and interpretive questions about what we do with those records and why we do it. It offers readers three key things: a diachronic perspective, covering all ancient Egyptian scripts from prehistoric Egypt through the Coptic era (fourth millennium BCE-first half of first millennium CE), a look at recording techniques that considers the past, present, and future, and a focus on the experiences of colleagues. The diachronic perspective illustrates the range of techniques used to record different phases of writing in different media. The consideration of past, present, and future techniques allows readers to understand and assess why epigraphy and palaeography is or was done in a particular manner by linking the aims of a particular effort with the technique chosen to reach those aims. The choice of techniques is a matter of goals and the records' work circumstances, an inevitable consequence of epigraphy being a double projection: geometrical, transcribing in two dimensions an object that exists physically in three; and mental, an interpretation, with an inevitable selection among the object's defining characteristics. The experiences of colleagues provide a range of perspectives and opinions about issues such as techniques of recording, challenges faced in the field, and ways of reading and interpreting text and image. These accounts are interesting and instructive stories of innovation in the face of scientific conundrum.
Book Synopsis Elements of Structural Syntax by : Lucien Tesnière
Download or read book Elements of Structural Syntax written by Lucien Tesnière and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2015-02-11 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume appears now finally in English, sixty years after the death of its author, Lucien Tesnière. It has been translated from the French original into German, Spanish, Italian, and Russian, and now at long last into English as well. The volume contains a comprehensive approach to the syntax of natural languages, an approach that is foundational for an entire stream in the modern study of syntax and grammar. This stream is known today as dependency grammar (DG). Drawing examples from dozens of languages, many of which he was proficient in, Tesnière presents insightful analyses of numerous phenomena of syntax. Among the highlights are the concepts of valency and head-initial vs. head-final languages. These concepts are now taken for granted by most modern theories of syntax, even by phrase structure grammars, which represent, in a sense, the opposite sort of approach to syntax from what Tesnière was advocating. Now Open Access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched 2017 Backlist Collection.
Book Synopsis Maurice Blanchot and Fragmentary Writing by : Leslie Hill
Download or read book Maurice Blanchot and Fragmentary Writing written by Leslie Hill and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2012-07-05 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to provide a detailed account of fragmentary writing in the work of the French novelist, critic, and thinker Maurice Blanchot (1907-2003).
Book Synopsis Philosophie et science au Moyen Age / Philosophy and Science in the Middle Ages by : Guttorm Fløistad
Download or read book Philosophie et science au Moyen Age / Philosophy and Science in the Middle Ages written by Guttorm Fløistad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Language of the Law by : David Mellinkoff
Download or read book The Language of the Law written by David Mellinkoff and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2004-05-13 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book tells what the language of the law is, how it got that way and how it works out in the practice. The emphasis is more historical than philosophical, more practical than pedantic.
Book Synopsis Reconsidering Roman Power by : Nathanael Andrade
Download or read book Reconsidering Roman Power written by Nathanael Andrade and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the imperial states of the ancient world, the Roman empire stands out for its geographical extent, its longevity and its might. This collective volume investigates how the many peoples inhabiting Rome's vast empire perceived, experienced, and reacted to both the concrete and the ideological aspects of Roman power. More precisely, it explores how they dealt with Roman might through their religious and political rituals; what they regarded as the empire's distinctive features, as well as its particular limitations and weaknesses; what forms of criticism they developed towards the way Romans exercised power; and what kind of impact the encounter with Roman power had upon the ways they defined themselves and reflected about power in general. This volume is unusual in bringing Jewish, and especially rabbinic, sources and perspectives together with Roman, Greek or Christian ones. This is the result of its being part of the research program "Judaism and Rome" (ERC Grant Agreement no. 614 424), dedicated to the study of the impact of the Roman empire upon ancient Judaism.
