Modelado y control jerárquico de crecimiento de cultivos en invernaderos

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Publisher : Universidad Almería
ISBN 13 : 848240749X
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (824 download)

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Book Synopsis Modelado y control jerárquico de crecimiento de cultivos en invernaderos by : Francisco Rodríguez Díaz

Download or read book Modelado y control jerárquico de crecimiento de cultivos en invernaderos written by Francisco Rodríguez Díaz and published by Universidad Almería. This book was released on 2005-04-20 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La agricultura es uno de los principales motores económicos de la provincia de Almería (sudeste de España), en la que se sitúa la mayor concentración de invernaderos del mundo. Hasta hace unos años, se ha mantenido una alta presencia en el mercado internacional, debido fundamentalmente a los relativamente bajos costes de producción y a la oferta de productos fuera de estación, existiendo además poca competencia por parte de países en vías de desarrollo. Esta competencia está creciendo actualmente, tanto por parte de sectores muy tecnificados de países desarrollados, que ofertan buena calidad y servicio a costo medio, como con nuevos sectores en países menos desarrollados con costes de producción muy bajos. Únicamente la mejora de la productividad y la calidad pueden permitir el mantenimiento de la rentabilidad, siendo la tecnología parte esencial de este proceso. Actualmente, se está realizando un gran esfuerzo encaminado a la introducción de tecnología en cada una de las fases de la cadena de comercialización agrícola. Evidentemente, la fase de producción en el invernadero es la más importante, por lo que deben realizarse los mayores esfuerzos por mejorar tanto la cantidad como la calidad de los frutos. El crecimiento de un cultivo se encuentra fundamentalmente determinado por las variables climáticas del entorno en el que se encuentra y por la cantidad de agua y fertilizantes que se le aplican mediante el riego; por tanto, el adecuado manejo de estas variables permitirá controlar el crecimiento del cultivo. Por esta razón un invernadero es ideal para cultivar, ya que al ser un recinto cerrado, se pueden manipular estas variables para alcanzar un crecimiento y desarrollo óptimo de las plantas. Sin embargo, el hecho de conseguir las condiciones óptimas Volver de las variables climáticas y de fertirrigación1 supone un coste económico en cuanto a energía, agua y fertilizantes. Por tanto, lo ideal desde el punto de vista económico no será obtener el máximo de producción, sino maximizar el beneficio entendido como la diferencia entre los ingresos procedentes de la venta de la producción final y sus costes asociados. El clima y la fertirrigación son dos sistemas independientes, por lo que plantean problemas de control diferentes. Empíricamente, se conocen las necesidades de agua y nutrientes de cada especie de cultivo y, de hecho, los primeros sistemas que se automatizaron son los que controlan estas variables. Como el problema de control de crecimiento de un cultivo bajo invernadero es complejo, una base de partida común en este ámbito consiste en suponer que las plantas reciben la cantidad de agua y fertilizantes que requieren en cada momento. De esta forma el problema se reduce al control del crecimiento de cultivos en función de las condiciones climáticas de su entorno. Por tanto, el objetivo principal de la presente tesis es el diseño e implementación de un sistema de control óptimo jerárquico del crecimiento de cultivos bajo invernadero en función de las variables climáticas internas y externas, en el que se puedan integrar criterios económicos de forma que se maximice la diferencia entre el beneficio bruto obtenido por la venta del cultivo y los costes de producción asociados a los sistemas de actuación climáticos. Para llevarlo a cabo se ha requerido el cumplimiento de algunos objetivos específicos, como el estudio y modelado de las variables climáticas del interior del invernadero que afectan al crecimiento del cultivo, estudio y modelado de las variables que caracterizan al crecimiento del cultivo, así como el diseño y prueba de algoritmos de control de las variables climáticas en el interior de un invernadero. 1 Riego y fertilización. Como solución integrada se ha propuesto una arquitectura de control jerárquica de dos capas que controle el sistema cultivo/clima, basándose en la existencia de dos escalas de tiempo distintas en el problema de optimización. La capa superior, en función de la producción esperada y sus costes asociados o de la fecha de recolección, resuelve un problema de optimización que maximiza una función objetivo que representa el beneficio obtenido en función de las variables climáticas que afectan al crecimiento de las plantas, proporcionando las consignas que deben seguir dichas variables climáticas a lo largo de la campaña. La capa inferior incluye los controladores necesarios para que se alcancen las consignas calculadas en la capa superior. Utilizando una estrategia de horizonte deslizante, en cada transición de noche a día, o viceversa, se vuelve a resolver el problema de optimización realimentando con los datos reales que se han medido de las variables climáticas y del crecimiento hasta ese momento, tratando así de reducir los errores que se pueden cometer debido a aspectos dinámicos no contemplados por los modelos usados para la predicción, a desviaciones en la predicción meteorológica o al no poderse alcanzar las consignas climáticas por defecto de las perturbaciones y limitaciones en los dispositivos de actuación. La presente tesis no se ha limitado simplemente al desarrollo de modelos y estructuras de control, sino que ha requerido una importante labor de experimentación en campo durante varios años con la finalidad de obtener datos necesarios para la calibración y validación de modelos, así como para ensayar diversos algoritmos de control. Algunos de los desarrollos contenidos en esta tesis han sido incluso implantados en sistemas de control comerciales a través de contratos de transferencia de tecnología.

Modeling and Control of Greenhouse Crop Growth

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319111345
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling and Control of Greenhouse Crop Growth by : Francisco Rodríguez

Download or read book Modeling and Control of Greenhouse Crop Growth written by Francisco Rodríguez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-01 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion of challenges related to the modeling and control of greenhouse crop growth, this book presents state-of-the-art answers to those challenges. The authors model the subsystems involved in successful greenhouse control using different techniques and show how the models obtained can be exploited for simulation or control design; they suggest ideas for the development of physical and/or black-box models for this purpose. Strategies for the control of climate- and irrigation-related variables are brought forward. The uses of PID control and feedforward compensators, both widely used in commercial tools, are summarized. The benefits of advanced control techniques—event-based, robust, and predictive control, for example—are used to improve on the performance of those basic methods. A hierarchical control architecture is developed governed by a high-level multiobjective optimization approach rather than traditional constrained optimization and artificial intelligence techniques. Reference trajectories are found for diurnal and nocturnal temperatures (climate-related setpoints) and electrical conductivity (fertirrigation-related setpoints). The objectives are to maximize profit, fruit quality, and water-use efficiency, these being encouraged by current international rules. Illustrative practical results selected from those obtained in an industrial greenhouse during the last eight years are shown and described. The text of the book is complemented by the use of illustrations, tables and real examples which are helpful in understanding the material. Modeling and Control of Greenhouse Crop Growth will be of interest to industrial engineers, academic researchers and graduates from agricultural, chemical, and process-control backgrounds.

Handbook of Research on Military, Aeronautical, and Maritime Logistics and Operations

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Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1466697806
Total Pages : 620 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (666 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Military, Aeronautical, and Maritime Logistics and Operations by : Ochoa-Zezzatti, Alberto

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Military, Aeronautical, and Maritime Logistics and Operations written by Ochoa-Zezzatti, Alberto and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2016-02-02 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective logistics management has played a vital role in delivering products and services, and driving research into finding ever improving theoretical and technological solutions. While often thought of in terms of the business world, logistics and operations management strategies can also be effectively applied within the military, aeronautical, and maritime sectors. The Handbook of Research on Military, Aeronautical, and Maritime Logistics and Operations compiles interdisciplinary research on diverse issues related to logistics from an inclusive range of methodological perspectives. This publication focuses on original contributions in the form of theoretical, experimental research, and case studies on logistics strategies and operations management with an emphasis on military, aeronautical, and maritime environments. Academics and professionals operating in business environments, government institutions, and military research will find this publication beneficial to their research and professional endeavors.

Computerized Environmental Control in Greenhouses

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Author :
Publisher : Ball Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Computerized Environmental Control in Greenhouses by : P. G. H. Kamp

Download or read book Computerized Environmental Control in Greenhouses written by P. G. H. Kamp and published by Ball Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The original version of this book was written in Dutch. It became so popular with growers and students that the authors decided to update the content and translate the original into English. Growers will find dozens of diagrams and charts in addition to text to help explain the mechanics and engineering behind computer control. Suitable as a supplemental greenhouse management text.

VOLUNTARY GUIDELINES ON NATIONAL FOREST MONITORING

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Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251096198
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis VOLUNTARY GUIDELINES ON NATIONAL FOREST MONITORING by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book VOLUNTARY GUIDELINES ON NATIONAL FOREST MONITORING written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: National information needs on forests have grown considerably in recent years, evolving from forest area and growing stock information to key aspects of sustainable forest management, such as the role of forests in the conservation of biodiversity and the provision of other ecosystem services. More recently, information on changes in carbon stocks, socio-economic aspects including the contribution to livelihoods and poverty reduction, governance and broader land use issues has become critical for national planning.

Designing Sorting Networks

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461418518
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Designing Sorting Networks by : Sherenaz W. Al-Haj Baddar

Download or read book Designing Sorting Networks written by Sherenaz W. Al-Haj Baddar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designing Sorting Networks: A New Paradigm provides an in-depth guide to maximizing the efficiency of sorting networks, and uses 0/1 cases, partially ordered sets and Haase diagrams to closely analyze their behavior in an easy, intuitive manner. This book also outlines new ideas and techniques for designing faster sorting networks using Sortnet, and illustrates how these techniques were used to design faster 12-key and 18-key sorting networks through a series of case studies. Finally, it examines and explains the mysterious behavior exhibited by the fastest-known 9-step 16-key network. Designing Sorting Networks: A New Paradigm is intended for advanced-level students, researchers and practitioners as a reference book. Academics in the fields of computer science, engineering and mathematics will also find this book invaluable.

Guidelines for Protected Areas Legislation

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Publisher : IUCN
ISBN 13 : 2831712459
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (317 download)

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Book Synopsis Guidelines for Protected Areas Legislation by : Barbara J. Lausche

Download or read book Guidelines for Protected Areas Legislation written by Barbara J. Lausche and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2011 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central aim of this publication is to consider the key elements of a modern, comprehensive, and effective legal framework for successful management of protected areas. They provide practical guidance for all those involved in developing, improving, or reviewing national legislation on protected areas, be they legal drafters and practitioners, protected area managers, interested NGOs, or scholars. These guidelines include fifteen case studies, eight dealing with the protected area legislation of individual countries and six cases dealing with specific sites providing fundamental solutions that stand the test of time.

A New roadmap for the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme and its World Network of Biosphere Reserves

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Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9231002066
Total Pages : 53 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis A New roadmap for the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme and its World Network of Biosphere Reserves by : UNESCO

Download or read book A New roadmap for the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme and its World Network of Biosphere Reserves written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Chemical Sensors and Biosensors

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470511311
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Sensors and Biosensors by : Brian R. Eggins

Download or read book Chemical Sensors and Biosensors written by Brian R. Eggins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the huge developments in sensor technology and electronic sensing devices that have occurred in the last 10 years, this book uses an open learning format to encourage reader understanding of the subject. An invaluable distance learning book Applications orientated providing invaluable aid for anyone wishing to use chemical and biosensors Key features and subjects covered include the following: Sensors based on both electrochemical and photometric transducers Mass-sensitive sensors Thermal-sensitive sensors Performance factors for sensors Examples of applications Detailed case studies of five selected sensors 30 discussion questions with worked examples and 80 self-assessment questions 140 explanatory diagrams An extensive bibliography

Greenhouse Climate Management

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789054853213
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (532 download)

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Book Synopsis Greenhouse Climate Management by : E. J. van Henten

Download or read book Greenhouse Climate Management written by E. J. van Henten and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Atmospheric Boundary Layer

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316300277
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (163 download)

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Book Synopsis Atmospheric Boundary Layer by : Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano

Download or read book Atmospheric Boundary Layer written by Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-04 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on more than twenty years of research and lecturing, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano and his team's textbook provides an excellent introduction to the interactions between the atmosphere and the land for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and a reference text for researchers in atmospheric physics and chemistry, hydrology, and plant physiology. The combination of the book, which provides the essential theoretical concepts, and the associated interactive Chemistry Land-surface Atmosphere Soil Slab (CLASS) software, which provides hands-on practical exercises and allows students to design their own numerical experiments, will prove invaluable for learning about many aspects of the soil-vegetation-atmosphere system. This book has a modular and flexible structure, allowing instructors to accommodate it to their own learning-outcome needs.

Cities of Tomorrow

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Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 : 9780631199434
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (994 download)

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Book Synopsis Cities of Tomorrow by : Peter Hall

Download or read book Cities of Tomorrow written by Peter Hall and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1997-02-18 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cities of Tomorrow is a critical history of planning in theory and practice in the twentieth century, as well as of the social and economic problems and opportunities that gave rise to it. Trenchant, perceptive, global in coverage, this book is an unrivalled account of its crucial subject. The third edition of Cities of Tomorrow is comprehensively revised to take account of abundant new literature published since its original appearance, and to view the 1990s in historical perspective. This is the definitive edition, reviewing the development of the modern planning movement over the entire span of the twentieth century.

World Anthropologies

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000184498
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis World Anthropologies by : Gustavo Lins Ribeiro

Download or read book World Anthropologies written by Gustavo Lins Ribeiro and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-07-13 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its inception, anthropology's authority has been based on the assumption that it is a unified discipline emanating from the West. In an age of heightened globalization, anthropologists have failed to discuss consistently the current status of their practice and its mutations across the globe. World Anthropologies is the first book to provoke this conversation from various regions of the world in order to assess the diversity of relations between regional or national anthropologies and a contested, power-laden Western discourse. Can a planetary anthropology cope with both the 'provincial cosmopolitanism' of alternative anthropologies and the 'metropolitan provincialism' of hegemonic schools? How might the resulting 'world anthropologies' challenge the current panorama in which certain allegedly national anthropological traditions have more paradigmatic weight - and hence more power - than others? Critically examining the international dissemination of anthropology within and across national power fields, contributors address these questions and provide the outline for a veritable world anthropologies project.

Engaging People in Sustainability

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Publisher : IUCN
ISBN 13 : 9782831708232
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis Engaging People in Sustainability by : Daniella Tilbury

Download or read book Engaging People in Sustainability written by Daniella Tilbury and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2004 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is based on the exchange of professional experiences which featured in an IUCN CEC workshop in August 2002. Practitioners from around the world shared their models of good practice and explored the challenges involved in engaging people in sustainability. The difficulties facing practitioners vary between country and context but some challenges are universal: A lack of clarity in communicating what is meant by sustainable development; An ambition to educate everyone to bring about a global citizenship; Social, organisational or institutional factors constrain change to sustainable development, yet there is an emphasis on formal education, and community educators do not receive the same support; A lack of balance in addressing the integration of environmental, social and economic dimensions leading to an interpretation that ESD is mainly about environment and conservation issues; New learning (rather than teaching) approaches are called for to promote more debate in society. Yet, few are trained or experienced in these new approaches. Practitioners need support to explore new ways of promoting learning. [Foreword, ed].

Globalizing Citizenship

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Publisher : UBC Press
ISBN 13 : 0774859482
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (748 download)

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Book Synopsis Globalizing Citizenship by : Kim Rygiel

Download or read book Globalizing Citizenship written by Kim Rygiel and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 9/11, national governments in the global North have struggled to govern populations and manage cross-border traffic without building new barriers to trade. What does citizenship mean in an era of heightened tension between global capitalism and the nation-state? Building on Foucault's concept of biopolitics and an examination of national border and detention policies, Rygiel argues that citizenship is becoming a globalizing regime to govern mobility. The new regime is deepening boundaries based on race, class, and gender, and causing Western nations to embrace a more technocratic, depoliticized understanding of citizenship.

Sensitivity Analysis in Practice

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 047087094X
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Sensitivity Analysis in Practice by : Andrea Saltelli

Download or read book Sensitivity Analysis in Practice written by Andrea Saltelli and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-07-16 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensitivity analysis should be considered a pre-requisite for statistical model building in any scientific discipline where modelling takes place. For a non-expert, choosing the method of analysis for their model is complex, and depends on a number of factors. This book guides the non-expert through their problem in order to enable them to choose and apply the most appropriate method. It offers a review of the state-of-the-art in sensitivity analysis, and is suitable for a wide range of practitioners. It is focussed on the use of SIMLAB – a widely distributed freely-available sensitivity analysis software package developed by the authors – for solving problems in sensitivity analysis of statistical models. Other key features: Provides an accessible overview of the current most widely used methods for sensitivity analysis. Opens with a detailed worked example to explain the motivation behind the book. Includes a range of examples to help illustrate the concepts discussed. Focuses on implementation of the methods in the software SIMLAB - a freely-available sensitivity analysis software package developed by the authors. Contains a large number of references to sources for further reading. Authored by the leading authorities on sensitivity analysis.

Sustainability Assessment

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0415598486
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (155 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainability Assessment by : Alan James Bond

Download or read book Sustainability Assessment written by Alan James Bond and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently the writing on the subject is limited and comprises, for the most part, guidance documents and completed assessments.