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Modal Auxiliaries From Late Old To Early Middle English
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Book Synopsis Modal Auxiliaries from Late Old to Early Middle English by : Kousuke Kaita
Download or read book Modal Auxiliaries from Late Old to Early Middle English written by Kousuke Kaita and published by Herbert Utz Verlag. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do Modern English modal auxiliaries ought to, should, and must, meaning OBLIGATION, occur in the present tense, yet their forms are in the preterite? Why does to accompany ought? One of the solutions to these questions is to look at the history of the English language. This monograph deals with the history of ought to, should, and must, which are of different syntactic and semantic origins: ought to stems from a main verb of Old English āgan ‘to have’ (POSSESSION) along with to; should derives from sculan ‘must’ with its ‘deviation’ to shall, and mōtan originates in ‘to be allowed to’ (PERMISSION). The work concentrates on the transition from Old English (700-1100) to Middle English (1100-1500), which is a crucial period in the history of the English language. Topics addressed include the linguistic review of modality, the philological reading of primary texts, and the occasional reference to the other Germanic languages.
Book Synopsis Focus on the USA by : Edgar W. Schneider
Download or read book Focus on the USA written by Edgar W. Schneider and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents 15 original research papers by renowned specialists in their respective fields. A variety of research traditions are included, such as dialect geography and sociolinguistics, but also smaller sub-fields such as the study of slang and perceptual dialectology. Varieties studied include the South, the Eastern Seaboard, the Middle West, African American English, Cuban English, and others. A growing sense of unity in the discipline is reflected by recurring topics and methods across earlier boundaries between sub-disciplines. For instance, computerized data and statistical analyses are standard tools nowadays, and a few papers explicitly address the possibilities and limitations of these methods. The study of variation and change of linguistic varieties has largely replaced earlier, monolithic notions of dialect, and the question of change in dialects, the erosion of traditional speech forms under the impact of modern communication patterns and socio-economic developments, is investigated in several contributions. In general, a recent orientation towards the history and development of nonstandard varieties is reflected in the book several papers study diffusion patterns of linguistic forms, or discuss the emergence of individual dialects or dialectal forms in a language contact framework. Altogether, the papers provide a lively illustration of and a fairly representative selection from ongoing high-quality linguistic research into American English.
Book Synopsis The Cambridge History of the English Language by : Richard M. Hogg
Download or read book The Cambridge History of the English Language written by Richard M. Hogg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-08-13 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume II of The Cambridge History of the English Language covers the Middle English Period, describing and analyzing developments in the languge from the Norman Conquest to the introduction of printing.
Book Synopsis Comparative-historical Linguistics by : Bela Brogyanyi
Download or read book Comparative-historical Linguistics written by Bela Brogyanyi and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers an important contribution to the comparative historical study of languages. Most of the articles deal with topics concerning the Indo-European proto-language as well as the individual languages descended from it. Essays in Finno-Ugric philology complete the volume. The book is divided in 8 sections: I. Indo-European, II. Anatolian, III. Indic, IV. Iranian and Armenian, V. Celtic, VI. Germanic Languages, VII. Slavic and Albanian, VIII. Fennougrica and Altaica.
Book Synopsis The English Language by : Charles Laurence Barber
Download or read book The English Language written by Charles Laurence Barber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-05-04 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The English Language: A Historical Introduction covers the history of the English language from its prehistoric Indo-European origins to the present day. Assuming no previous knowledge of the subject, Charles Barber describes the nature of language and language change, and presents a history of the English language at different periods, dealing with key topics such as grammar, pronunciation and semantics. Where necessary, he introduces and explains the main theoretical and technical concepts of historical linguistics. There are also chapters on English in the scientific age, English as a world language and the future of the language. Charles Barber uses dozens of familiar texts, including the English of King Alfred, Chaucer, Shakespeare, and Addison, to illustrate the state of the English language through time in a range of contexts. This is a fascinating book for anyone with an interest in language.
Book Synopsis The Changing Face of Corpus Linguistics by : Antoinette Renouf
Download or read book The Changing Face of Corpus Linguistics written by Antoinette Renouf and published by Rodopi. This book was released on 2016-08 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preliminary Material /Antoinette Renouf and Andrew Kehoe -- The corpus-user's chorus: (Based on The Major General's Song from Gilbert and Sullivan's The Pirates of Penzance) /Antoinette Renouf and Andrew Kehoe -- Introduction: The changing face of corpus linguistics /Antoinette Renouf and Andrew Kehoe -- Oh Canada! Towards the Corpus of Early Ontario English /Stefan Dollinger -- Favoring Americanisms? vs. before and in Early English in Australia: A corpus-based approach /Clemens Fritz -- Computing the Lexicons of Early Modern English /Ian Lancashire -- EFL dictionaries, grammars and language guides from 1700 to 1850: testing a new corpus on points of spokenness /Manfred Markus -- The Old English Apollonius of Tyre in the light of the Old English Concordancer /Antonio Miranda García , Javier Calle Martín , David Moreno Olalla and Gustavo Muñoz González -- Prediction with SHALL and WILL: a diachronic perspective /Maurizio Gotti -- Circumstantial adverbials in discourse: a synchronic and a diachronic perspective /Anneli Meurman-Solin and Päivi Pahta -- Changes in textual structures of book advertisements in the ZEN Corpus /Caren auf dem Keller -- “Curtains like these are selling right in the city of Chicago for USD 1.50” - The mediopassive in American 20th-century advertising language /Marianne Hundt -- Recent grammatical change in written English 1961-1992: some preliminary findings of a comparison of American with British English /Geoffrey Leech and Nicholas Smith -- Social variation in the use of apology formulae in the British National Corpus /Mats Deutschmann -- How recent is recent? On overcoming interpretational difficulties /Göran Kjellmer -- Looking at looking: Functions and contexts of progressives in spoken English and 'school' English /Ute Römer -- Ditransitives, the Given Before New principle, and textual retrievability: a corpus-based study using ICECUP /Gabriel Ozón -- The Spanish pragmatic marker pues and its English equivalents /Anna-Brita Stenström -- WebCorp: A tool for online linguistic information retrieval and analysis /Barry Morley -- Diachronic linguistic analysis on the web with WebCorp /Andrew Kehoe -- New ways of analysing ESL on the WWW with WebCorp and WebPhraseCount /Josef Schmied -- I'm like, “Hey, it works!”: Using GlossaNet to find attestations of the quotative (be) like in English-language newspapers /Cédrick Fairon and John V. Singler -- Corpus linguistics and English reference grammars /Joybrato Mukherjee -- Tracking ongoing grammatical change and recent diversification in present-day standard English: the complementary role of small and large corpora /Christian Mair -- but it will take time...points of view on a lexical grammar of English /Michaela Mahlberg -- Corpus linguistics, grammar and theory: Report on a panel discussion at the 24th ICAME conference /Jan Aarts.
Book Synopsis The Linguistic Cycle by : Elly van Gelderen
Download or read book The Linguistic Cycle written by Elly van Gelderen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elly van Gelderen examines the linguistic cycle and describes how it offers a unique perspective on the language faculty.
Book Synopsis The Germanic Languages by : Ekkehard Konig
Download or read book The Germanic Languages written by Ekkehard Konig and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-16 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a unique, up-to-date survey of twelve Germanic languages from English and German to Faroese and Yiddish.
Book Synopsis Advances in English Historical Linguistics by : Jacek Fisiak
Download or read book Advances in English Historical Linguistics written by Jacek Fisiak and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-04-20 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing.
Book Synopsis Modality Across Syntactic Categories by : Ana Arregui
Download or read book Modality Across Syntactic Categories written by Ana Arregui and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-09 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the linguistic expression of modality in natural language from a cross-linguistic perspective. Modal expressions provide the basic tools that allow us to dissociate what we say from what is actually going on, allowing us to talk about what might happen or might have happened, as well as what is required, desirable, or permitted. Chapters in the book demonstrate that modality involves many more syntactic categories and levels of syntactic structure than traditionally assumed. The volume distinguishes between three types of modality: 'low modality', which concerns modal interpretations associated with the verbal and nominal cartographies in syntax; 'middle modality', or modal interpretation associated with the syntactic cartography internal to the clause; and 'high modality', relating to the left periphery. It combines cross-linguistic discussions of the more widely studied sources of modality with analyses of novel or unexpected sources, and shows how the meanings associated with the three types of modality are realized across a wide range of languages.
Book Synopsis Verbs of Implicit Negation and their Complements in the History of English by : Yoko Iyeiri
Download or read book Verbs of Implicit Negation and their Complements in the History of English written by Yoko Iyeiri and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2010-02-25 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For sale in all countries except Japan. For customers in Japan: please contact Yushodo Co. The principal focus of this book concerns various shifts of complements which verbs of implicit negation (e.g. forbid, forbear, avoid, prohibit, and prevent) have experienced in the history of English. Forbid, for example, was once followed by that-clauses, while in contemporary English it is in usual cases followed by to-infinitives except in the fixed form God forbid that ... Although a number of English verbs have undergone similar syntactic changes, the paths they have selected in their historical development are not always the same. Unlike forbid, the verb prevent is now followed by gerunds often with the preposition from. This book describes some of the most representative paths followed by different verbs of implicit negation and reveals the major complement shifts that have occurred throughout the history of English. It will be of particular interest to researchers and students specializing in English linguistics, historical linguistics, and corpus linguistics.
Book Synopsis How New Languages Emerge by : David Lightfoot
Download or read book How New Languages Emerge written by David Lightfoot and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-01-05 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An engaging account of how new languages come into being, arguing that children are the driving force.
Book Synopsis The English Language by : Charles Barber
Download or read book The English Language written by Charles Barber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This bestselling text by Charles Barber recounts the history of the English language from its ancestry to the present day.
Book Synopsis The Pragmatics of Modals in Shakespeare by : Minako Nakayasu
Download or read book The Pragmatics of Modals in Shakespeare written by Minako Nakayasu and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2009 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modals and related phenomena are without doubt one of the most complicated issues in the grammar of language. This study provides a reappraisal of the modals in Shakespeare's language from the pragmatic viewpoint, both micropragmatic and macropragmatic. The material selected for analysis are modals SHALL, SHOULD, WILL, WOULD, and their contracted forms. Micropragmatic aspects such as speech acts seem relatively easily accessible to historical researchers; however, this study moves further into the macropragmatic dimensions of language use than the earlier ones and covers politeness, dialogue, and discourse analysis.
Book Synopsis Early English Modals by : Sune Gregersen
Download or read book Early English Modals written by Sune Gregersen and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Historical Syntax in Cross-Linguistic Perspective by : Alice C. Harris
Download or read book Historical Syntax in Cross-Linguistic Perspective written by Alice C. Harris and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-09-21 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this major new work Alice Harris and Lyle Campbell set out to establish a general framework for the investigation of linguistic change. Systematic cross-linguistic comparison of syntactic change across a wide variety of languages is used to construct hypotheses about the universals and limits of language change more generally. In particular, the authors seek to move closer towards describing the range of causes of syntactic change to develop an understanding of the mechanisms of syntactic change, and to provide an understanding of why some languages undergo certain changes and not others. The authors draw on languages as diverse as Pipil and French, Georgian and Estonian, and the data presented is one of the book's great strengths. Rigor and precision are combined here with a great breadth of scholarship to produce a unique resource for the study of linguistic change, which will be of use to scholars and students alike.
Book Synopsis Morphology-driven Syntax by : Bernhard Wolfgang Rohrbacher
Download or read book Morphology-driven Syntax written by Bernhard Wolfgang Rohrbacher and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that syntactic parameters are set in a principled fashion on the basis of overt functional morphology. The main focus of the book is on the different positions of the finite verb in the Germanic SVO languages. In addition, other syntactic phenomena (null subjects, transitive expletive constructions and object shift) and other language families (Romance, Semitic and Slavic) are discussed. A common explanation for all of the discussed phenomena is proposed: If and only if the features for person are distinctively marked by the agreement morphology, the agreement affixes are listed separately in the lexicon and project phrases of their own in syntax where they attract the verb to the head positions and allow the specifier positions to be filled by various phonologically (un)realized elements. Special attention is given to issues of historical development and child language acquisition.
