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Mobility Control Of Gas Injection In Highly Heterogeneous And Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
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Book Synopsis Mobility Control of Gas Injection in Highly Heterogeneous and Naturally Fractured Reservoirs by : Jose Sergio de Araujo Cavalcante Filho
Download or read book Mobility Control of Gas Injection in Highly Heterogeneous and Naturally Fractured Reservoirs written by Jose Sergio de Araujo Cavalcante Filho and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since a significant portion of the world’s oil reserves resides in naturally fractured reservoirs (NFR), it is important to maximize oil production from these reservoirs. Mobility control EOR techniques, such as water alternating gas (WAG) and foam injection, may be used in NFRs to improve oil recovery. Foam injection may be modeled by empirical or mechanistic models, the latter being capable of representing foam generation and coalescence effects. Numerical models are needed to evaluate EOR techniques in NFR. The Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (EDFM) is capable of representing conductive faults or fractures and describing NFR and unconventional reservoirs as a triple porosity medium (hydraulic fractures, natural fractures, and matrix). This work aims at developing a general EDFM framework to allow the evaluation of different mobility control EOR methods in NFR. The mobility control EOR methods evaluated were the WAG and continuous foam injection. The formulation used to evaluate mobility control by foam injection in NFR was the population balance assuming local equilibrium and the P*c models. Nanoparticle transport models (Two Site and Two Rate models) were implemented and validated to allow simulation of nanoparticle stabilized foam injection. An EDFM preprocessor was further developed and validated against the in-house fully implicit simulator, unstructured grid models from the literature and fine-grid models using a commercial simulator. Simulation run time was reduced by applying a porosity cut-off in the fracture cells assuming constant fracture conductivity. Validation case studies included multi-fractured wells producing through depletion and a 2D quarter five-spot production scheme (water and miscible gas injection) in NFR. We obtained a good agreement between EDFM, unstructured grid, and fine-grid models. Application case studies included 3D models under water, miscible gas and WAG injection, which confirmed the efficiency of the EDFM in modeling complex fracture networks. We used the EDFM to simulate multilateral well stimulation and we performed an automated history matching of the production data of a field test. The foam model and the nanoparticle transport models were validated against experimental data from the literature. It is concluded that the effect of fractures on hydrocarbon production depends on fracture network connectivity, which may be modeled using the EDFM preprocessor. Simulation results using mobility control EOR methods show considerable improvements in oil recovery due to a postponement in gas breakthrough.
Book Synopsis Gas Injection and Mobility Control in Fractured, Oil-wet Carbonate Reservoirs by : Jimin Daniel Zhou
Download or read book Gas Injection and Mobility Control in Fractured, Oil-wet Carbonate Reservoirs written by Jimin Daniel Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waterflooding in low permeability, fractured and oil-wet carbonate reservoirs yields extremely low oil recovery due to bypassing through fractures and little imbibition into the matrix resulting in a large amount of oil remaining in the reservoir. Gravity-aided gas injection is studied at the lab-scale in this work to enhance oil recovery from fractured reservoirs. The miscibility of the gas with a model oil (decane with naphthenic acid) is varied by enriching the methane with ethane. Mobility of the gas is decreased by incorporating the gas in foam or glycerol-alternating-gas floods. As the miscibility increases, the oil recovery increases, but reaches a plateau above the near-miscible conditions. The foam flood improves oil recovery by diverting gas into the matrix, if the gas is sufficiently soluble in the oil and the gas-oil capillary pressure is sufficiently low. The pressure gradient generated in the fracture by foam helps in the diversion of the gas into the matrix. Glycerol-alternating-gas floods result in minor additional oil recovery over foam floods because the pressure gradients are about the same as those observed in foam floods. Secondary foam flooding achieves similar ultimate oil recovery values as tertiary foam flooding, but at faster rates. Simulations of gas floods show the presence of three different gas fronts during the experiments. Miscible and near-miscible foam floods increased the oil recovery to high values (about 85% OOIP) in core floods and their scale-up to field-scale warrants further study.
Book Synopsis Gas Injection Methods by : Zhaomin Li
Download or read book Gas Injection Methods written by Zhaomin Li and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2022-09-24 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Enhanced Oil Recovery Series delivers a multivolume approach that addresses the latest research on various types of EOR. The second volume in the series, Gas Injection Methods, helps engineers focus on the latest developments in one of the fastest growing areas. Different techniques are described in addition to the latest technology such as data mining and unconventional reservoirs. Supported field case studies are included to show a bridge between research and practical application, making it useful for both academics and practicing engineers. Structured to start with an introduction on various gas types and different gas injection methods, screening criteria for choosing gas injection method, and environmental issues during gas injection methods, the editors then advance on to more complex content, guiding the engineer into newer topics involving CO2 such as injection in tight oil reservoirs, shale oil reservoirs, carbonated water, data mining, and formation damage. Supported by a full spectrum of contributors, this book gives petroleum engineers and researchers the latest research developments and field applications to drive innovation for the future. - Helps readers understand the latest research and practical applications specific to foam flooding and gas injection - Provides readers with the latest technology, including nanoparticle-stabilized foam for mobility control and carbon storage in shale oil reservoirs - Teaches users about additional methods such as data mining applications and economic and environmental considerations
Book Synopsis The Control Theory and Application for Well Pattern Optimization of Heterogeneous Sandstone Reservoirs by : Dehua Liu
Download or read book The Control Theory and Application for Well Pattern Optimization of Heterogeneous Sandstone Reservoirs written by Dehua Liu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is focused primarily on characteristics and determinative methods of reservoir orientation, the concept of vector well pattern and corresponding realistic techniques of well pattern deployment, well pattern control principles, Optimum design of well pattern based on the reservoir direction characteristics, and the schemes of well spacing density regulation at different stages of development. The procedures for improving water flooding efficiency have been provided. This book is suitable for reservoir engineering managers, reservoir engineers, and students of petroleum engineering.
Book Synopsis Gas Injection in Fractured Reservoirs by : Mohammad Mohammadzadeh Bahar
Download or read book Gas Injection in Fractured Reservoirs written by Mohammad Mohammadzadeh Bahar and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental tests on fluid flow in tight carbonate porous media were carried out with single and composite core plugs. It was demonstrated that the swelling of oil strongly depended on the contact time of the oil and gas phases and heterogeneity of the system.
Book Synopsis Performance and Recovery Prediction in Heterogeneous Naturally Fractured Reservoirs Under the Solution Gas Drive Process by : Fuad Qasem
Download or read book Performance and Recovery Prediction in Heterogeneous Naturally Fractured Reservoirs Under the Solution Gas Drive Process written by Fuad Qasem and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fundamentals and Practical Aspects of Gas Injection by : Reza Azin
Download or read book Fundamentals and Practical Aspects of Gas Injection written by Reza Azin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-28 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers different aspects of gas injection, from the classic pressure maintenance operation to enhanced oil recovery (EOR), underground gas storage (UGS), and carbon capture and storage (CCS). The authors detail the unique characteristics and specific criteria of each application, including: material balance equations phase behaviour reservoir engineering well design operating aspects surface facilities environmental issues Examples, data, and simulation codes are provided to enable the reader to gain an in-depth understanding of these applications. Fundamentals and Practical Aspects of Gas Injection will be of use to practising engineers in the fields of reservoir engineering, and enhanced oil recovery. It will also be of interest to researchers, academics, and graduate students working in the field of petroleum engineering.
Book Synopsis Hydrocarbon Gas Injection for Improving Oil Recovery in Tight and Shale Oil Reservoirs by : Chao-Yu Sie
Download or read book Hydrocarbon Gas Injection for Improving Oil Recovery in Tight and Shale Oil Reservoirs written by Chao-Yu Sie and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) in tight and shale oil reservoirs has been a difficult problem due to their high degree of heterogeneity and low to ultralow matrix permeability. Primary recovery factor from these reservoirs is generally lower than 10% of original oil in place (OOIP), which leads to the need for non-conventional technologies for EOR in these reservoirs. A thorough understanding of mass transfer processes in ultralow permeability porous media is required for successful designs of EOR projects in tight oil formations and shales. In this study, two advanced EOR methods that involve the reinjection of field gas into shale and tight oil reservoirs are investigated. In the first part of this dissertation, field gas huff-n-puff process as an EOR method for shales is systematically investigated using an optimal experimental design. For a better understanding of the mass transfer mechanisms in nano-sized pores, the effect of pressure program (i.e., pressure buildup and drawdown during a huff-n-puff cycle), reservoir and crude oil properties, solvent selection, and huff-n-puff cycle duration on oil recovery were investigated. The results show that thermodynamic phase behavior, molecular diffusion, and convection could be related to oil recovery factor, production rate, and produced oil composition, forming a conceptual model for natural gas huff-n-puff in shale reservoirs. The second part of this dissertation presents the investigation of a novel EOR method targeting water-sensitive tight formations with sub-10-mD permeability. Mobility control is crucial for high recovery efficiency in these tight oil reservoirs with high heterogeneity. Preferential flow in high permeability zones (or "thief zones") results in poor sweep efficiency. Conventional conformance control techniques such as polymer gels or even aqueous foam may not be suitable for water-sensitive, low-permeability reservoirs. Therefore, a novel concept of non-aqueous foam for improving field gas miscible displacement has been developed. This foam process involves the injection of a raw mixture of natural gas liquids (MNGLs) with non-condensable gas and a foaming agent, which could improve the sweep efficiency by the generation of non-aqueous foam and maximize the displacement efficiency due to the solubility between the crude oil and MNGLs. A specialty surfactant has been developed which could stabilize non-aqueous foam in MNGLs-crude oil mixture for in-situ foam generation. A pore-scale study of this foam process has been conducted using microfluidics to relate oil displacement to foaming mechanisms. The findings from this microscopic study have been validated using core flooding experiments on tight rocks. It can be concluded from both pore- and core-scale studies that the in-situ propagation of non-aqueous foam could be achieved for the first time and delay the injectant breakthrough, resulting in significant improvement of sweep efficiency
Book Synopsis Application of Polymer Gels as Conformance Control Agents for Carbon Dioxide for Floods in Carbonate Reservoirs by : Hussein A Ali (Al-Ali)
Download or read book Application of Polymer Gels as Conformance Control Agents for Carbon Dioxide for Floods in Carbonate Reservoirs written by Hussein A Ali (Al-Ali) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the production from mature oil fields declining, the increasing demand of oil urges towards more effective recovery of the available resources. Currently, the CO2 Floods are the second most applied EOR processes in the world behind steam injection. With more than 30 years of experience gained from CO2 flooding, successful projects have showed incremental oil recovery ranging from 7 to 15 % of the oil initially in place. Despite all of the anticipated success of CO2 floods, its viscosity nature is in heterogeneous and naturally fractured reservoirs is challenging; CO2 will flow preferentially through the easiest paths resulting in early breakthrough and extraction ineffectiveness leaving zones of oil intact. This research aims at investigating gel treatments and viscosified water-alternating-gas CO2 mobility control techniques. A set of experiments have been conducted to verify the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed mobility control approaches. Our research employed an imaging technique integrating an X-Ray CT scanner with a CT friendly aluminum coreflood cell. With the integrated systems, we were able to obtain real time images when processed provide qualitative and qualitative evaluations to the coreflood. The research studies included preliminary studies of CO2 and water injection performance in fractured and unfractured cores. These experiments provided a base performance to which the performances of the mobility control attempts were compared. We have applied the same methodology in evaluation of the experimental results to both conformance control gel treatments and viscosified water-alternating-gas CO2 mobility control. The gel conformance control studies showed encouraging results in minimizing the effect of heterogeneities directing the injected CO2 to extract more oil from the low permeability zones; the gel strength was evaluated in terms of breakdown and leakoff utilizing the production data aided with CT imaging analysis. The viscosified water coupled with CO2 investigations showed great promising results proving the superiority over neat CO2 injection. This research serves as a preliminary understanding to the applicability of tested mobility control approaches providing a base to future studies in this category of research. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148337
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dynamic Description Technology of Fractured Vuggy Carbonate Gas Reservoirs by : Hedong Sun
Download or read book Dynamic Description Technology of Fractured Vuggy Carbonate Gas Reservoirs written by Hedong Sun and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2019-04-12 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic Description Technology of Fractured Vuggy Carbonate Gas Reservoirs delivers a critical reference to reservoir and production engineers on the basic characteristics of fractured vuggy gas reservoirs, combining both static and dynamic data to improve reservoir characterization accuracy and development. Based on the full lifecycle of well testing and advanced production decline analysis, this reference also details how to apply reservoir dynamic evaluation and reserve estimation and performance forecasting. Offering one collective location for the latest research on fractured gas reservoirs, this reference also covers physical models, analysis examples, and processes, 3D numerical well test technology, and deconvolution technology of production decline analysis. Packed with many calculation examples and more than 100 case studies, this book gives engineers a strong tool to further exploit these complex assets. - Presents advanced knowledge in well test and production decline analysis, along with performance forecasting that is specific to fractured vuggy carbonate gas reservoirs - Helps readers understand the characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and current limitations in technology of fractured vuggy carbonate gas reservoirs - Provides a bridge from theory to practice by combining static and dynamic data to form more accurate real-world analysis and modeling
Book Synopsis Multiphase Fluid Flow in Porous and Fractured Reservoirs by : Yu-Shu Wu
Download or read book Multiphase Fluid Flow in Porous and Fractured Reservoirs written by Yu-Shu Wu and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2015-09-23 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiphase Fluid Flow in Porous and Fractured Reservoirs discusses the process of modeling fluid flow in petroleum and natural gas reservoirs, a practice that has become increasingly complex thanks to multiple fractures in horizontal drilling and the discovery of more unconventional reservoirs and resources. The book updates the reservoir engineer of today with the latest developments in reservoir simulation by combining a powerhouse of theory, analytical, and numerical methods to create stronger verification and validation modeling methods, ultimately improving recovery in stagnant and complex reservoirs. Going beyond the standard topics in past literature, coverage includes well treatment, Non-Newtonian fluids and rheological models, multiphase fluid coupled with geomechanics in reservoirs, and modeling applications for unconventional petroleum resources. The book equips today's reservoir engineer and modeler with the most relevant tools and knowledge to establish and solidify stronger oil and gas recovery. - Delivers updates on recent developments in reservoir simulation such as modeling approaches for multiphase flow simulation of fractured media and unconventional reservoirs - Explains analytical solutions and approaches as well as applications to modeling verification for today's reservoir problems, such as evaluating saturation and pressure profiles and recovery factors or displacement efficiency - Utilize practical codes and programs featured from online companion website
Book Synopsis HIGH RESOLUTION PREDICTION OF GAS INJECTION PROCESS PERFORMANCE FOR HETEROGENEOUS RESERVOIRS. by :
Download or read book HIGH RESOLUTION PREDICTION OF GAS INJECTION PROCESS PERFORMANCE FOR HETEROGENEOUS RESERVOIRS. written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This final technical report describes and summarizes results of a research effort to investigate physical mechanisms that control the performance of gas injection processes in heterogeneous reservoirs and to represent those physical effects in an efficient way in simulations of gas injection processes. The research effort included four main lines of research: (1) Efficient compositional streamline methods for 3D flow; (2) Analytical methods for one-dimensional displacements; (3) Physics of multiphase flow; and (4) Limitations of streamline methods. In the first area, results are reported that show how the streamline simulation approach can be applied to simulation of gas injection processes that include significant effects of transfer of components between phases. In the second area, the one-dimensional theory of multicomponent gas injection processes is extended to include the effects of volume change as components change phase. In addition an automatic algorithm for solving such problems is described. In the third area, results on an extensive experimental investigation of three-phase flow are reported. The experimental results demonstrate the impact on displacement performance of the low interfacial tensions between the gas and oil phases that can arise in multicontact miscible or near-miscible displacement processes. In the fourth area, the limitations of the streamline approach were explored. Results of an experimental investigation of the scaling of the interplay of viscous, capillary, and gravity forces are described. In addition results of a computational investigation of the limitations of the streamline approach are reported. The results presented in this report establish that it is possible to use the compositional streamline approach in many reservoir settings to predict performance of gas injection processes. When that approach can be used, it requires substantially less (often orders of magnitude) computation time than conventional finite difference compositional simulation.
Book Synopsis Prediction of Gas Injection Performance for Heterogeneous Reservoirs by :
Download or read book Prediction of Gas Injection Performance for Heterogeneous Reservoirs written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes research carried out in the Department of Petroleum Engineering at Stanford University from September 1998 - September 1998 under the third year of a three-year Department of Energy (DOE) grant on the ''Prediction of Gas Injection Performance for Heterogeneous Reservoirs''. The research effort is an integrated study of the factors affecting gas injection, from the pore scale to the field scale, and involves theoretical analysis, laboratory experiments and numerical simulation. The research is divided into four main areas: (1) Pore scale modeling of three-phase flow in porous media; (2) Laboratory experiments and analysis of factors influencing gas injection performance at the core scale with an emphasis on the fundamentals of three-phase flow; (3) Benchmark simulations of gas injection at the field scale; and (4) Development of streamline-based reservoir simulator.
Book Synopsis Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies by : James J.Sheng
Download or read book Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies written by James J.Sheng and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies bridges the gap between theory and practice in a range of real-world EOR settings. Areas covered include steam and polymer flooding, use of foam, in situ combustion, microorganisms, "smart water"-based EOR in carbonates and sandstones, and many more. Oil industry professionals know that the key to a successful enhanced oil recovery project lies in anticipating the differences between plans and the realities found in the field. This book aids that effort, providing valuable case studies from more than 250 EOR pilot and field applications in a variety of oil fields. The case studies cover practical problems, underlying theoretical and modeling methods, operational parameters, solutions and sensitivity studies, and performance optimization strategies, benefitting academicians and oil company practitioners alike. - Strikes an ideal balance between theory and practice - Focuses on practical problems, underlying theoretical and modeling methods, and operational parameters - Designed for technical professionals, covering the fundamental as well as the advanced aspects of EOR
Book Synopsis Using Chemicals to Optimize Conformance Control in Fractured Reservoirs by :
Download or read book Using Chemicals to Optimize Conformance Control in Fractured Reservoirs written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are: (1) to develop a capability to predict and optimize the ability of gels to reduce permeability to water more than that to oil or gas, (2) to develop procedures for optimizing blocking agent placement in wells where hydraulic fractures cause channeling problems, and (3) to develop procedures to optimize blocking agent placement in naturally fractured reservoirs. Work was directed at both injection wells and production wells and at vertical, horizontal, and highly deviated wells.
Book Synopsis Gas Injection into Geological Formations and Related Topics by : Alice Wu
Download or read book Gas Injection into Geological Formations and Related Topics written by Alice Wu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the eighth volume in the series, Advances in Natural Gas Engineering, focusing on gas injection into geological formations and other related topics, very important areas of natural gas engineering. This volume includes information for both upstream and downstream operations, including chapters detailing the most cutting-edge techniques in acid gas injection, carbon capture, chemical and thermodynamic models, and much more. Written by some of the most well-known and respected chemical and process engineers working with natural gas today, the chapters in this important volume represent the most state-of-the-art processes and operations being used in the field. Not available anywhere else, this volume is a must-have for any chemical engineer, chemist, or process engineer in the industry. Advances in Natural Gas Engineering is an ongoing series of books meant to form the basis for the working library of any engineer working in natural gas today.
