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Intelligent, Secure, and Dependable Systems in Distributed and Cloud Environments

Author : Issa Traore
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319691554
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligent, Secure, and Dependable Systems in Distributed and Cloud Environments by : Issa Traore

Download or read book Intelligent, Secure, and Dependable Systems in Distributed and Cloud Environments written by Issa Traore and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-17 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Intelligent, Secure, and Dependable Systems in Distributed and Cloud Environments, ISDDC 2017, held in Vancouver, BC, Canada, in October 2017.The 12 full papers presented together with 1 short paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 43 submissions. This book also contains 3 keynote talks and 2 tutorials. The contributions included in this proceedings cover many aspects of theory and application of effective and efficient paradigms, approaches, and tools for building, maintaining, and managing secure and dependable systems and infrastructures, such as botnet detection, secure cloud computing and cryptosystems, IoT security, sensor and social network security, behavioral systems and data science, and mobile computing.

Ad-Hoc Networking

Author : Khaldoun Al Agha
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0387347380
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Ad-Hoc Networking by : Khaldoun Al Agha

Download or read book Ad-Hoc Networking written by Khaldoun Al Agha and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-11-24 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Position-based routing was originally developed for packet radio networks in the 1980s [6]. It received renewed interest during the last few years as a method for routing in mobile wireless ad hoc and sensor networks [1, 2, 4]. The general idea of is to select the next hop based on position information such that the packet is forwarded in the geographical direction of the destination. Position-based routing can be divided into two main components: the location service and position-based forwarding. The location service [5, 13] is used for mapping the unique identifier (for example an IP address) of a node to its geographical position. In mobile ad hoc networks, providing accurate location service for position based routing, with low communication overhead, appears to be more difficult task than routing itself [13]. In case of sensor networks, however, destination is a sink or base station whose position is made available to source sensors by flooding. Position-based forwarding is performed by a node to select one of its neighbors as the next hop the packet should be forwarded to. Usually, the following information is required for the forwarding decision: the node's own geographical position, the position of all neighbors within transmission range and the position of the destination. Based on this information, the forwarding node selects one of its neighbors as the next hop such that the packet makes progress toward the geographical position of the destination.

Cyber Security and Digital Forensics

Author : Kavita Khanna
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811639612
Total Pages : 609 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Cyber Security and Digital Forensics by : Kavita Khanna

Download or read book Cyber Security and Digital Forensics written by Kavita Khanna and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-01 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features high-quality research papers presented at the International Conference on Applications and Techniques in Cyber Security and Digital Forensics (ICCSDF 2021), held at The NorthCap University, Gurugram, Haryana, India, during April 3–4, 2021. This book discusses the topics ranging from information security to cryptography, mobile application attacks to digital forensics, and from cyber security to blockchain. The goal of the book is to provide 360-degree view of cybersecurity to the readers which include cyber security issues, threats, vulnerabilities, novel idea, latest technique and technology, and mitigation of threats and attacks along with demonstration of practical applications. This book also highlights the latest development, challenges, methodologies as well as other emerging areas in this field. It brings current understanding of common Web vulnerabilities while maintaining awareness and knowledge of contemporary standards, practices, procedures, and methods of Open Web Application Security Project. It also expounds how to recover information after a cybercrime.

Fog-Enabled Intelligent IoT Systems

Author : Yang Yang
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030231852
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Fog-Enabled Intelligent IoT Systems by : Yang Yang

Download or read book Fog-Enabled Intelligent IoT Systems written by Yang Yang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book first provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art IoT technologies and applications in different industrial sectors and public services. The authors give in-depth analyses of fog computing architecture and key technologies that fulfill the challenging requirements of enabling computing services anywhere along the cloud-to-thing continuum. Further, in order to make IoT systems more intelligent and more efficient, a fog-enabled service architecture is proposed to address the latency requirements, bandwidth limitations, and computing power issues in realistic cross-domain application scenarios with limited priori domain knowledge, i.e. physical laws, system statuses, operation principles and execution rules. Based on this fog-enabled architecture, a series of data-driven self-learning applications in different industrial sectors and public services are investigated and discussed, such as robot SLAM and formation control, wireless network self-optimization, intelligent transportation system, smart home and user behavior recognition. Finally, the advantages and future directions of fog-enabled intelligent IoT systems are summarized. Provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art IoT technologies and applications in different industrial sectors and public services Presents a fog-enabled service architecture with detailed technical approaches for realistic cross-domain application scenarios with limited prior domain knowledge Outlines a series of data-driven self-learning applications (with new algorithms) in different industrial sectors and public services

Interior Lighting

Author : Wout van Bommel
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030171957
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Interior Lighting by : Wout van Bommel

Download or read book Interior Lighting written by Wout van Bommel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-13 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlines the underlying principles on which interior lighting should be based, provides detailed information on the lighting hardware available today and gives guidance for the design of interior lighting installations resulting in good visual performance and comfort, alertness and health. The book is divided into three parts. Part One discusses the fundamentals of the visual and non-visual mechanisms and the practical consequences for visual performance and comfort, for sleep, daytime alertness and performance, and includes chapters on age effects, therapeutic effects and hazardous effects of lighting. Part Two deals with the lighting hardware: lamps (with emphasis on LEDs), gear, drivers and luminaires including chapters about lighting controls and LEDs beyond lighting. Part Three is the application part, providing the link between theory and practice and supplying the reader with the knowledge needed for lighting design. It describes the relevant lighting criteria for good and efficient interior lighting and discusses the International, European and North American standards and recommendations for interior lighting. A particular focus is on solid state light sources (LEDs) and the possibility to design innovative, truly-sustainable lighting installations that are adaptable to changing circumstances. The design of such installations is difficult and the book offers details of the typical characteristics of the many different solid state light sources, and of the aspects determining the final quality of interior lighting. Essential reading for interior lighting designers, lighting engineers and architects, the book will also be a useful reference for researchers and students. Reviews of Road Lighting by the same author: "If you are going to design streetlighting, you must read this book....a solid, comprehensive textbook written by an acknowledged expert in the field – if you have a query about any aspect of streetlighting design, you will find the answer here.” – LUX, August 2015 “...a realy comprehensive book dealing with every aspect of the subject well...essential text for reference on this subject” – Lighting Journal, March 2015

Contactless Vital Signs Monitoring

Author : Wenjin Wang
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128222824
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Contactless Vital Signs Monitoring by : Wenjin Wang

Download or read book Contactless Vital Signs Monitoring written by Wenjin Wang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-09-20 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vital signs, such as heart rate and respiration rate, are useful to health monitoring because they can provide important physiological insights for medical diagnosis and well-being management. Most traditional methods for measuring vital signs require a person to wear biomedical devices, such as a capnometer, a pulse oximeter, or an electrocardiogram sensor. These contact-based technologies are inconvenient, cumbersome, and uncomfortable to use. There is a compelling need for technologies that enable contact-free, easily deployable, and long-term monitoring of vital signs for healthcare. Contactless Vital Signs Monitoring presents a systematic and in-depth review on the principles, methodologies, and opportunities of using different wavelengths of an electromagnetic spectrum to measure vital signs from the human face and body contactlessly. The volume brings together pioneering researchers active in the field to report the latest progress made, in an intensive and structured way. It also presents various healthcare applications using camera and radio frequency-based monitoring, from clinical care to home care, to sport training and automotive, such as patient/neonatal monitoring in intensive care units, general wards, emergency department triage, MR/CT cardiac and respiratory gating, sleep centers, baby/elderly care, fitness cardio training, driver monitoring in automotive settings, and more. This book will be an important educational source for biomedical researchers, AI healthcare researchers, computer vision researchers, wireless-sensing researchers, doctors/clinicians, physicians/psychologists, and medical equipment manufacturers. Includes various contactless vital signs monitoring techniques, such as optical-based, radar-based, WiFi-based, RFID-based, and acoustic-based methods. Presents a thorough introduction to the measurement principles, methodologies, healthcare applications, hardware set-ups, and systems for contactless measurement of vital signs using camera or RF sensors. Presents the opportunities for the fusion of camera and RF sensors for contactless vital signs monitoring and healthcare.

Integrated Hybrid Resonant DCDC Converters

Author : Peter Renz
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030639444
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrated Hybrid Resonant DCDC Converters by : Peter Renz

Download or read book Integrated Hybrid Resonant DCDC Converters written by Peter Renz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive, single-source on resonant switched-capacitor converters. It is written in the style of a handbook, with systematic guidelines, and includes implementation examples. The authors explore integrated hybrid resonant DCDC converters in order to achieve highly compact, energy efficient and cost-effective power management solutions in the growing fields of wearables and internet-of-things applications. They provide an introduction into hybrid converters as a new and promising converter class, which merges capacitive and inductive conversion concepts into one. Coverage ranges from fundamentals to implementation details, including topics such as power stage design, gate drive schemes, different control mechanisms for resonant operation and integrated passives. Introduces a new, multi-ratio resonant converter architecture, which enables lower switching frequencies and better passive component utilization; Discusses circuit block design for high efficiency of the power stage; Explores implementation details and concepts for integrated passives; Derives models, implements and compares to each other different control mechanisms.

Internet of Things and Secure Smart Environments

Author : Uttam Ghosh
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000198332
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Internet of Things and Secure Smart Environments by : Uttam Ghosh

Download or read book Internet of Things and Secure Smart Environments written by Uttam Ghosh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-04 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main goal of Internet of Things (IoT) is to make secure, reliable, and fully automated smart environments. However, there are many technological challenges in deploying IoT. This includes connectivity and networking, timeliness, power and energy consumption dependability, security and privacy, compatibility and longevity, and network/protocol standards. Internet of Things and Secure Smart Environments: Successes and Pitfalls provides a comprehensive overview of recent research and open problems in the area of IoT research. Features: Presents cutting edge topics and research in IoT Includes contributions from leading worldwide researchers Focuses on IoT architectures for smart environments Explores security, privacy, and trust Covers data handling and management (accumulation, abstraction, storage, processing, encryption, fast retrieval, security, and privacy) in IoT for smart environments This book covers state-of-the-art problems, presents solutions, and opens research directions for researchers and scholars in both industry and academia.

Information and Knowledge in Internet of Things

Author : Teresa Guarda
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030751236
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Information and Knowledge in Internet of Things by : Teresa Guarda

Download or read book Information and Knowledge in Internet of Things written by Teresa Guarda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-06 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with an insight into information and knowledge in the Internet of Things, in particular an investigation of data management and processing, information extraction, technology, knowledge management, knowledge sharing, knowledge co-creation, knowledge integration, and the development of new intelligent services available anytime, anywhere, by anyone. The authors show how IoT enables communication and ubiquitous computing between global citizens, networked machines and physical objects, providing a promising vision of the future integrating the real world of knowledge agents and things with the virtual world of information.

Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Smart Computing and Cyber Security

Author : Prasant Kumar Pattnaik
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981169480X
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Smart Computing and Cyber Security by : Prasant Kumar Pattnaik

Download or read book Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Smart Computing and Cyber Security written by Prasant Kumar Pattnaik and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-26 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents high-quality research papers presented at the Second International Conference on Smart Computing and Cyber Security: Strategic Foresight, Security Challenges and Innovation (SMARTCYBER 2021) held during June 16–17, 2021, in the Department of Smart Computing, Kyungdong University, Global Campus, South Korea. The book includes selected works from academics and industrial experts in the field of computer science, information technology, and electronics and telecommunication. The content addresses challenges of cyber security.

Fog and Fogonomics

Author : Yang Yang
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119501105
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Fog and Fogonomics by : Yang Yang

Download or read book Fog and Fogonomics written by Yang Yang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-14 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE ONE-STOP RESOURCE FOR ANY INDIVIDUAL OR ORGANIZATION CONSIDERING FOG COMPUTING Fog and Fogonomics is a comprehensive and technology-centric resource that highlights the system model, architectures, building blocks, and IEEE standards for fog computing platforms and solutions. The "fog" is defined as the multiple interconnected layers of computing along the continuum from cloud to endpoints such as user devices and things including racks or microcells in server closets, residential gateways, factory control systems, and more. The authors—noted experts on the topic—review business models and metrics that allow for the economic assessment of fog-based information communication technology (ICT) resources, especially mobile resources. The book contains a wide range of templates and formulas for calculating quality-of-service values. Comprehensive in scope, it covers topics including fog computing technologies and reference architecture, fog-related standards and markets, fog-enabled applications and services, fog economics (fogonomics), and strategy. This important resource: Offers a comprehensive text on fog computing Discusses pricing, service level agreements, service delivery, and consumption of fog computing Examines how fog has the potential to change the information and communication technology industry in the next decade Describes how fog enables new business models, strategies, and competitive differentiation, as with ecosystems of connected and smart digital products and services Includes case studies featuring integration of fog computing, communication, and networking systems Written for product and systems engineers and designers, as well as for faculty and students, Fog and Fogonomics is an essential book that explores the technological and economic issues associated with fog computing.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH CONFERENCE ON FORMAL METHODS IN COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN – FMCAD 2020

Author : Alexander Ivrii
Publisher : TU Wien Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 3854480423
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (544 download)

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Book Synopsis PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH CONFERENCE ON FORMAL METHODS IN COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN – FMCAD 2020 by : Alexander Ivrii

Download or read book PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH CONFERENCE ON FORMAL METHODS IN COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN – FMCAD 2020 written by Alexander Ivrii and published by TU Wien Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-11 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD) is a conference series on the theory and applications of formal methods in hardware and system verification. FMCAD provides a leading forum to researchers in academia and industry for presenting and discussing ground-breaking methods, technologies, theoretical results, and tools for reasoning formally about computing systems. FMCAD covers formal aspects of computer-aided system design including verification, specification, synthesis, and testing.

MobiCom '17

Author : Jacobus Van Der Merwe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781450349161
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (491 download)

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Book Synopsis MobiCom '17 by : Jacobus Van Der Merwe

Download or read book MobiCom '17 written by Jacobus Van Der Merwe and published by . This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MobiCom '17: The 23rd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking Oct 16, 2017-Oct 20, 2017 Snowbird, USA. You can view more information about this proceeding and all of ACM�s other published conference proceedings from the ACM Digital Library: http://www.acm.org/dl.

LTE, WiMAX and WLAN Network Design, Optimization and Performance Analysis

Author : Leonhard Korowajczuk
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 047074149X
Total Pages : 784 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis LTE, WiMAX and WLAN Network Design, Optimization and Performance Analysis by : Leonhard Korowajczuk

Download or read book LTE, WiMAX and WLAN Network Design, Optimization and Performance Analysis written by Leonhard Korowajczuk and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-22 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A technological overview of LTE and WiMAX LTE, WiMAX and WLAN Network Design, Optimization and Performance Analysis provides a practical guide to LTE and WiMAX technologies introducing various tools and concepts used within. In addition, topics such as traffic modelling of IP-centric networks, RF propagation, fading, mobility, and indoor coverage are explored; new techniques which increase throughput such as MIMO and AAS technology are highlighted; and simulation, network design and performance analysis are also examined. Finally, in the latter part of the book Korowajczuk gives a step-by-step guide to network design, providing readers with the capability to build reliable and robust data networks. By focusing on LTE and WiMAX this book extends current network planning approaches to next generation wireless systems based on OFDMA, providing an essential resource for engineers and operators of fixed and wireless broadband data access networks. With information presented in a sequential format, LTE, WiMAX and WLAN Network Design, Optimization and Performance Analysis aids a progressive development of knowledge, complementing latter graduate and postgraduate courses while also providing a valuable resource to network designers, equipment vendors, reference material, operators, consultants, and regulators. Key Features: One of the first books to comprehensively explain and evaluate LTE Provides an unique explanation of the basic concepts involved in wireless broadband technologies and their applications in LTE, WiMAX, and WLAN before progressing to the network design Demonstrates the application of network planning for LTE and WiMAX with theoretical and practical approaches Includes all aspects of system design and optimization, such as dynamic traffic simulations, multi-layered traffic analysis, statistical interference analysis, and performance estimations

Optical Wireless Communications

Author : Z. Ghassemlooy
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351833251
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Wireless Communications by : Z. Ghassemlooy

Download or read book Optical Wireless Communications written by Z. Ghassemlooy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detailing a systems approach, Optical Wireless Communications: System and Channel Modelling with MATLAB®, is a self-contained volume that concisely and comprehensively covers the theory and technology of optical wireless communications systems (OWC) in a way that is suitable for undergraduate and graduate-level students, as well as researchers and professional engineers. Incorporating MATLAB® throughout, the authors highlight past and current research activities to illustrate optical sources, transmitters, detectors, receivers, and other devices used in optical wireless communications. They also discuss both indoor and outdoor environments, discussing how different factors—including various channel models—affect system performance and mitigation techniques. In addition, this book broadly covers crucial aspects of OWC systems: Fundamental principles of OWC Devices and systems Modulation techniques and schemes (including polarization shift keying) Channel models and system performance analysis Emerging visible light communications Terrestrial free space optics communication Use of infrared in indoor OWC One entire chapter explores the emerging field of visible light communications, and others describe techniques for using theoretical analysis and simulation to mitigate channel impact on system performance. Additional topics include wavelet denoising, artificial neural networks, and spatial diversity. Content also covers different challenges encountered in OWC, as well as outlining possible solutions and current research trends. A major attraction of the book is the presentation of MATLAB simulations and codes, which enable readers to execute extensive simulations and better understand OWC in general.

Wireless Indoor Localization

Author : Chenshu Wu
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811303568
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Wireless Indoor Localization by : Chenshu Wu

Download or read book Wireless Indoor Localization written by Chenshu Wu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-22 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of wireless indoor localization for ubiquitous applications. The past decade has witnessed a flourishing of WiFi-based indoor localization, which has become one of the most popular localization solutions and has attracted considerable attention from both the academic and industrial communities. Specifically focusing on WiFi fingerprint based localization via crowdsourcing, the book follows a top-down approach and explores the three most important aspects of wireless indoor localization: deployment, maintenance, and service accuracy. After extensively reviewing the state-of-the-art literature, it highlights the latest advances in crowdsourcing-enabled WiFi localization. It elaborated the ideas, methods and systems for implementing the crowdsourcing approach for fingerprint-based localization. By tackling the problems such as: deployment costs of fingerprint database construction, maintenance overhead of fingerprint database updating, floor plan generation, and location errors, the book offers a valuable reference guide for technicians and practitioners in the field of location-based services. As the first of its kind, introducing readers to WiFi-based localization from a crowdsourcing perspective, it will greatly benefit and appeal to scientists and researchers in mobile and ubiquitous computing and related areas.

Location Systems

Author : Anthony LaMarca
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1598295829
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (982 download)

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Book Synopsis Location Systems by : Anthony LaMarca

Download or read book Location Systems written by Anthony LaMarca and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2008-07-08 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in electronic location technology and the coming of age of mobile computing have opened the door for location-aware applications to permeate all aspects of everyday life. Location is at the core of a large number of high-value applications ranging from the life-and-death context of emergency response to serendipitous social meet-ups. For example, the market for GPS products and services alone is expected to grow to US$200 billion by 2015. Unfortunately, there is no single location technology that is good for every situation and exhibits high accuracy, low cost, and universal coverage. In fact, high accuracy and good coverage seldom coexist, and when they do, it comes at an extreme cost. Instead, the modern localization landscape is a kaleidoscope of location systems based on a multitude of different technologies including satellite, mobile telephony, 802.11, ultrasound, and infrared among others. This lecture introduces researchers and developers to the most popular technologies and systems for location estimation and the challenges and opportunities that accompany their use. For each technology, we discuss the history of its development, the various systems that are based on it, and their trade-offs and their effects on cost and performance. We also describe technology-independent algorithms that are commonly used to smooth streams of location estimates and improve the accuracy of object tracking. Finally, we provide an overview of the wide variety of application domains where location plays a key role, and discuss opportunities and new technologies on the horizon. Table of Contents: Introduction / The Global Positioning System / Infrared and Ultrasonic Systems / Location Esimation with 802.11 / Cellular-Based Systems / Other Approaches / Improving Localization Accuracy / Location-Based Applications and Services / Challenges and Opportunities / References