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Author : Katherine von Stackleberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (576 download)
Download or read book Military Smokes and Obscurants Fate and Effects written by Katherine von Stackleberg and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309184290
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-24 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of smokes and obscurants have been developed and used to screen armed forces from view, signal friendly forces, and mark positions. Smokes are produced by burning or vaporizing particular products. Obscurants are anthropogenic or naturally occurring particles suspended in the air. They block or weaken transmission of particular parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visible and infrared radiation or microwaves. Fog, mist, and dust are examples of natural obscurants. White phosphorus and hexachloroethane smokes are examples of anthropogenic obscurants. The U.S. Army seeks to reduce the likelihood that exposure to smokes and obscurants during training would have adverse health effects on military personnel or civilians. To protect the health of exposed individuals, the Office of the Army Surgeon General requested that the National Research Council (NRC) independently review data on the toxicity of smokes and obscurants and recommend exposure guidance levels for military personnel in training and for the general public residing or working near military-training facilities.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309184223
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-06-28 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of smokes and obscurants have been developed and are used to screen armed forces from view, signal friendly forces, and mark positions. Obscurants are anthropogenic or naturally occurring particles suspended in the air that block or weaken transmission of particular parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visible and infrared radiation or microwaves. Fog, mist, and dust are examples of natural obscurants. Smokes are produced by burning or vaporizing some product. Red phosphorus smoke and graphite smoke are examples of anthropogenic obscurants. The U.S. Army seeks to ensure that exposure to smokes and obscurants during training does not have adverse health effects on military personnel or civilians. To protect the health of exposed individuals, the Office of the Army Surgeon General requested that the National Research Council (NRC) review data on the toxicity of smokes and obscurants and recommend exposure guidance levels for military personnel in training and for the general public residing or working near military-training facilities. The NRC assigned this project to the Committee on Toxicology (COT), which convened the Subcommittee on Military Smokes and Obscurants. The subcommittee conducted a detailed evaluation of the toxicity of four obscuring smokes: white phosphorus, brass, titanium dioxide, and graphite. The results of the subcommittee's study are presented in this report, which is the second volume in the series. Toxicity data and exposure guidance levels for diesel-fuel, fog-oil, red phosphorus, and hexachloroethane smokes were presented in Volume 1. Seven colored smokes will be reviewed in a subsequent volume.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309057361
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-05-09 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Subcommittee on Military Smokes and Obscurants
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309063296
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (632 download)
Download or read book Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants written by Subcommittee on Military Smokes and Obscurants and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-06-25 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of smokes and obscurants have been developed and are used to screen armed forces from view, signal friendly forces, and mark positions. Obscurants are anthropogenic or naturally occurring particles suspended in the air that block or weaken transmission of particular parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visible and infrared radiation or microwaves. Fog, mist, and dust are examples of natural obscurants. Smokes are produced by burning or vaporizing some product. Red phosphorus smoke and graphite smoke are examples of anthropogenic obscurants. The U.S. Army seeks to ensure that exposure to smokes and obscurants during training does not have adverse health effects on military personnel or civilians. To protect the health of exposed individuals, the Office of the Army Surgeon General requested that the National Research Council (NRC) review data on the toxicity of smokes and obscurants and recommend exposure guidance levels for military personnel in training and for the general public residing or working near military-training facilities. The NRC assigned this project to the Committee on Toxicology (COT), which convened the Subcommittee on Military Smokes and Obscurants. The subcommittee conducted a detailed evaluation of the toxicity of four obscuring smokes: white phosphorus, brass, titanium dioxide, and graphite. The results of the subcommittee's study are presented in this report, which is the second volume in the series. Toxicity data and exposure guidance levels for diesel-fuel, fog-oil, red phosphorus, and hexachloroethane smokes were presented in Volume 1. Seven colored smokes will be reviewed in a subsequent volume.
Author : Joseph H. Shinn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Smokes and Obscurants: A Health and Environmental Effects Data Base Assessment. A First-Order, Environmental Screening and Ranking of Army Smokes and Obscurants. Phase 1 written by Joseph H. Shinn and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An initial environmental screening and ranking is provided for each Army smoke and obscurant depending on smoke type and smoke-generating device. This was done according to the magnitude of the impact area, the characteristic environmental concentration, the relative inhalation toxicity, the relative toxicity when ingested by animals, the aquatic toxicity, the environmental mobility when freshly deposited, and the ultimate mobility and fate in the environment. The major smoke types considered were various forms of white phosphorus, red phosphorus, hexachloroethane-derived smokes, fog oil, diesel fuel smokes, and some infrared obscuring agents.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309074827
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (748 download)
Download or read book Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-04-09 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of smokes and obscurants have been developed and used to screen armed forces from view, signal friendly forces, and mark positions. Smokes are produced by burning or vaporizing particular products. Obscurants are anthropogenic or naturally occurring particles suspended in the air. They block or weaken transmission of particular parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visible and infrared radiation or microwaves. Fog, mist, and dust are examples of natural obscurants. White phosphorus and hexachloroethane smokes are examples of anthropogenic obscurants. The U.S. Army seeks to reduce the likelihood that exposure to smokes and obscurants during training would have adverse health effects on military personnel or civilians. To protect the health of exposed individuals, the Office of the Army Surgeon General requested that the National Research Council (NRC) independently review data on the toxicity of smokes and obscurants and recommend exposure guidance levels for military personnel in training and for the general public residing or working near military-training facilities.
Download or read book Smokes and Obscurants: A Health and Environmental Effects Data Base Assessment: A First-order, Environmental Screening and Ranking of Army Smokes and Obscurants: Phase 1 Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An initial environmental screening and ranking is provided for each Army smoke and obscurant (S and O) depending on smoke type and smoke-generating device. This was done according to the magnitude of the impact area, the characteristic environmental concentration, the relative inhalation toxicity, the relative toxicity when ingested by animals, the aquatic toxicity, the environmental mobility when freshly deposited, and the ultimate mobility and fate in the environment. The major smoke types considered were various forms of white phosphorus (WP), red phosphorus (RP), hexachloroethane-derived smokes (HC), fog oil (SGF-2), diesel fuel smokes (DF), and some infrared obscuring agents (IR).
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Smoke and Obscurants; a Health and Environmental Effects Data Base Assessment. A First-Order, Environmental Screening and Ranking of Army Smokes and Obscurants written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An initial environmental screening and ranking is provided for each Army smoke and obscurant depending on smoke type and smoke generating device. This was done according to the magnitude of the impact area, the characteristic environmental concentration, the relative inhalation toxicity, the relative toxicity when ingested concentration, the relative inhalation toxicity, the relative toxicity when ingested by animals, the aquatic toxicity, the environmental mobility when freshly deposited, and the ultimate mobility and fate in the environment. The major smoke types considered were various forms of white phosphorus, red phosphorus, hexachlorethane-derived smokes (HC), fog-oil (SGF-2), diesel fuel smokes (DF), and some infrared obscuring agents. The results were ranked according to: Device Impact Area and Environmental Concentration; Inhalation Toxicity and Air Concentration Quotient; Oral Toxicity and Ingestion Quotient; Aquatic Toxicity Quotient; Short-Term and Long-Term Mobility in the Environment; and Overall Environmental Importance.
Author : Dominic A. Cataldo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Evaluation and Characterization of Mechanisms Controlling Fate and Effects of Army Smokes written by Dominic A. Cataldo and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary objective of this study was to characterize the fate and response of soil and biotic components of the terrestrial environment to aerosols, deposited brass, and brass in combination with fog oil. Important physical, chemical, and biotic aspects were investigated using an environmental wind tunnel. Air/surface deposition rates were determined for foliar and soil surfaces, both in the absence and presence of fog oil. Deposition velocities for foilage ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 cm/s at wind speeds of 2 to 10 mph, respectively. Foliar contact toxicity was assessed using five different types of terrestrial vegetation representative of Army training sites and surrounding environments. No significant foliar contact toxicity was observed for brass. The weathering and chemistry of brass aerosols deposited and amended to soils was assessed, along with the impacts of acid precipitation and moisture regimes on weathering rates. Rates of brass weathering and the fate of solubilized Cu and Zn are discussed. The influence of soil weathering processes and brass solubilization on seed germination indicated no detectable effects of brass. However, moderate toxicity effects ere noted after 160 days of soil incubation. The effects were proportional to soil-loading levels. Influence of soil weathering processes and contaminant solubilization on soil microbiological activities indicated that soil dehydrogenase activity was more susceptible to impacts than was phosphatase activity or microbial biomass.
Download or read book Smokes and Obscurants written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An initial environmental screening and ranking is provided for each Army smoke and obscurant (S and O) depending on smoke type and smoke-generating device. This was done according to the magnitude of the impact area, the characteristic environmental concentration, the relative inhalation toxicity, the relative toxicity when ingested by animals, the aquatic toxicity, the environmental mobility when freshly deposited, and the ultimate mobility and fate in the environment. The major smoke types considered were various forms of white phosphorus (WP), red phosphorus (RP), hexachloroethane-derived smokes (HC), fog oil (SGF-2), diesel fuel smokes (DF), and some infrared obscuring agents (IR).
Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428912339
Total Pages : 133 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)
Download or read book Methods for Field Studies of the Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-control Agents on Threatened and Engangered Species: Volume 4, Chemical Analytical Methods written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter Van Voris
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (646 download)
Download or read book Evaluate and Characterize Mechanisms Controlling Transport, Fate and Effects of Army Smokes in an Aerosol Wind Tunnel written by Peter Van Voris and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Department of the Army Pamphlet written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Descriptive Summaries for Program Elements of the Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, Army Program, FY 1987 (U), February 1986 written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Descriptive Summaries for Program Elements of the Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, Army Program FY ... (U) written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Defense Logistics Studies Information Exchange
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Quarterly Supplement to the ... Annual Department of Defense Bibliography of Logistics Studies and Related Documents written by United States. Defense Logistics Studies Information Exchange and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
