Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download Mild To Moderate Hearing Loss In Older Adults full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Mild To Moderate Hearing Loss In Older Adults ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author : Richard Marc Goldstein
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Mild to Moderate Hearing Loss in Older Adults written by Richard Marc Goldstein and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309439264
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Hearing Health Care for Adults written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-10-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The loss of hearing - be it gradual or acute, mild or severe, present since birth or acquired in older age - can have significant effects on one's communication abilities, quality of life, social participation, and health. Despite this, many people with hearing loss do not seek or receive hearing health care. The reasons are numerous, complex, and often interconnected. For some, hearing health care is not affordable. For others, the appropriate services are difficult to access, or individuals do not know how or where to access them. Others may not want to deal with the stigma that they and society may associate with needing hearing health care and obtaining that care. Still others do not recognize they need hearing health care, as hearing loss is an invisible health condition that often worsens gradually over time. In the United States, an estimated 30 million individuals (12.7 percent of Americans ages 12 years or older) have hearing loss. Globally, hearing loss has been identified as the fifth leading cause of years lived with disability. Successful hearing health care enables individuals with hearing loss to have the freedom to communicate in their environments in ways that are culturally appropriate and that preserve their dignity and function. Hearing Health Care for Adults focuses on improving the accessibility and affordability of hearing health care for adults of all ages. This study examines the hearing health care system, with a focus on non-surgical technologies and services, and offers recommendations for improving access to, the affordability of, and the quality of hearing health care for adults of all ages.
Author : Tracy A. Lustig
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309302265
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (22 download)
Download or read book Hearing Loss and Healthy Aging written by Tracy A. Lustig and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pages:1 to 25 -- Pages:26 to 50 -- Pages:51 to 75 -- Pages:76 to 100 -- Pages:101 to 125 -- Pages:126 to 129
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309092965
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Hearing Loss written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-12-17 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of Americans experience some degree of hearing loss. The Social Security Administration (SSA) operates programs that provide cash disability benefits to people with permanent impairments like hearing loss, if they can show that their impairments meet stringent SSA criteria and their earnings are below an SSA threshold. The National Research Council convened an expert committee at the request of the SSA to study the issues related to disability determination for people with hearing loss. This volume is the product of that study. Hearing Loss: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits reviews current knowledge about hearing loss and its measurement and treatment, and provides an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the current processes and criteria. It recommends changes to strengthen the disability determination process and ensure its reliability and fairness. The book addresses criteria for selection of pure tone and speech tests, guidelines for test administration, testing of hearing in noise, special issues related to testing children, and the difficulty of predicting work capacity from clinical hearing test results. It should be useful to audiologists, otolaryngologists, disability advocates, and others who are concerned with people who have hearing loss.
Author : Steven P. Roose
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195152743
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)
Download or read book Late-Life Depression written by Steven P. Roose and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-07-15 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in an aging world. Illnesses that are prevalent and cause significant morbidity and mortality in older people will consume an increasing share of health care resources. One such illness is depression. This illness has a particularly devastating impact in the elderly because it is often undiagnosed or inadequately treated. Depression not only has a profound impact on quality of life but it is associated with an increased risk of mortality from suicide and vascular disease. In fact for every medical illness studied, e.g. heart disease, diabetes, cancer, individuals who are depressed have a worse prognosis. Research has illuminated the physiological and behavioral effects of depression that accounts for these poor outcomes. The deleterious relationship between depression and other illnesses has changed the concept of late-life depression from a "psychiatric disorder" that is diagnosed and treated by a psychiatrist to a common and serious disorder that is the responsibility of all physicians who care for patients over the age of 60.This is the first volume devoted to the epidemiology, phenomenology, psychobiology, treatment and consequences of late-life depression. Although much has been written about depressive disorders, the focus has been primarily on the illness as experienced in younger adults. The effects of aging on the brain, the physiological and behavioral consequences of recurrent depression, and the impact of other diseases common in the elderly, make late-life depression a distinct entity. There is a compelling need for a separate research program, specialized treatments, and a book dedicated to this disorder. This book will be invaluable to psychiatrists, gerontologists, clinical psychologists, social workers, students, trainees, and others who care for individuals over the age of sixty.
Author : U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781484871515
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (715 download)
Download or read book Screening for Hearing Loss in Adults Ages 50 Years and Older: a Review of the Evidence for the U. S. Preventive Services Task Force written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hearing loss is common in older adults, increases in prevalence and severity with age, and can affect quality of life and ability to function. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) issued a recommendation on screening for hearing loss in adults ages 50 years and older in 1996. In 2009, the USPSTF commissioned a new evidence review in order to update its recommendation. The purpose of this report is to systematically evaluate the current evidence on screening for hearing loss in adults ages 50 years and older in primary care settings. A person with normal hearing perceives sounds at frequencies between 20 and 20,000 Hz. Frequencies between 500 and 4000 Hz are most important for speech processing. There is often discordance between objectively measured deficits in tonal perception at specific frequencies and intensity levels (measured as decibels) and subjective perceptions of hearing problems. One study found that 20 percent of persons reporting hearing difficulty had normal hearing tests, while 6.2 percent of those not reporting difficulty had significant hearing loss. Hearing problems despite normal hearing tests could be caused by abnormal signal processing or sound discrimination. Because treatments for hearing loss are targeted at improving tonal perception by signal amplification, we use the term “hearing loss” in this review to refer specifically to deficits found on objective testing. The standard objective test for hearing loss is the pure-tone audiogram, in which a patient is placed in a soundproof booth and tested on ability to hear tones at a series of discrete frequencies, typically in the range of 125 to 8000 Hz, at various decibels. There is no universally accepted definition for hearing loss. Reference criteria vary with regard to the frequencies and intensity thresholds used to determine hearing loss, and whether one or both ears are affected. Many studies define mild hearing loss as inability to hear frequencies associated with speech processing less than 25 dB and moderate hearing loss as inability to hear those frequencies less than 40 dB. Commonly used reference criteria include the Ventry and Weinstein criteria (greater than 40 dB hearing loss at either 1000 or 2000 Hz in both ears, or greater than 40 dB hearing loss at 1000 and 2000 Hz in one ear), the speech frequency pure-tone average (SFPTA) criteria (greater than 25 dB average hearing loss at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz in the better ear), and the high-frequency pure-tone average (HFPTA) criteria (greater than 25 dB average hearing loss at 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz in the better ear). Key Questions presented in this report include: Key Question 1: Does Screening for Hearing Loss in Asymptomatic Adults Ages 50 Years and Older Lead To Improved Health Outcomes? Key Question 2: How Accurate Are the Methods for Screening for Hearing Loss in Older Adults? Key Question 3: How Efficacious Is the Treatment of Screening-Detected Hearing Loss in Improving Health Outcomes? Key Question 4: What Are the Adverse Effects of Screening for Hearing Loss in Adults Ages 50 Years and Older? Key Question 5: What Are the Adverse Effects of Treatment of Screening-Detected Hearing Loss in Adults Ages 50 Years and Older?
Author : B. Vona
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3318058564
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Genetics of Deafness written by B. Vona and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetics of Deafness offers a journey through areas crucial for understanding the causes and effects of hearing loss. It covers such topics as the latest approaches in diagnostics and deafness research and the current status and future promise of gene therapy for hearing restoration. The book begins by bringing attention to how hearing loss affects the individual and society. Methods of hearing loss detection and management throughout the lifespan are highlighted as is a particularly new development in newborn hearing screening. The challenges of hearing loss, an extremely heterogeneous impairment, are addressed. Additional topics include current research interests, ranging from novel gene identification to their functional validation in the mouse and zebrafish. The book ends with a chapter on the state of the art of gene therapy—an area that is certain to gain increasing attention as molecular mechanisms of deafness are better understood. Genetics of Deafness, written by leading authors in the field, is a must read for clinicians, researchers, and students. It provides much needed insight into the diagnosis and research of hereditary hearing loss.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (747 download)
Download or read book Screening for Hearing Loss in Adults Ages 50 Years and Older written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BACKGROUND: Hearing loss is common in older adults. Screening could identify untreated hearing loss and lead to interventions to improve hearing-related function and quality of life. PURPOSE: To update the 1996 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force evidence review on screening for hearing loss in primary care settings in adults ages 50 years and older. DATA SOURCES: We searched Ovid MEDLINE from 1950 to July 2010, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through the second quarter of 2010 to identify relevant articles. We supplemented electronic searches with reviews of reference lists of relevant articles and solicited additional citations from experts. STUDY SELECTION: We selected randomized trials and controlled observational studies that directly evaluated effects of screening for hearing loss in older (ages 50 years) adults. To evaluate indirect evidence on screening, we also included studies on the diagnostic accuracy of screening tests for hearing loss used in primary care settings, and randomized trials and controlled observational studies that reported clinical outcomes associated with use of amplification. DATA EXTRACTION: One investigator abstracted data and a second investigator checked data abstraction for accuracy. Two investigators independently assessed study quality using methods developed by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. DATA SYNTHESIS: Evidence on benefits and harms of screening and treatments for hearing loss was synthesized qualitatively. One large (n=2305) randomized trial found that screening for hearing loss was associated with increased hearing aid use at 1 year, but screening was not associated with improvement in hearing-related function. There is good-quality evidence from 20 studies on diagnostic accuracy that common screening tests for hearing loss can help identify patients at higher risk for hearing loss. The whispered voice test at 2 feet and a single question regarding perceived hearing loss were comparable with a more detailed screening questionnaire or a hand-held audiometric device for identifying at least mild (>25 dB) hearing loss. Negative results using a hand-held audiometric device may be the most useful finding for ruling out at least moderate (>40 dB) hearing loss. One good-quality randomized trial found that immediate hearing aids were effective compared with wait-list control for improving hearing-related quality of life and function in patients with mild or moderate hearing loss and severe hearing-related handicap. We did not find direct evidence on harms of screening or treatments with hearing aids, but harms are likely to be small based on the non-invasive nature of screening and treatment, with no known serious adverse events. LIMITATIONS: We excluded non-English language studies, included studies of diagnostic accuracy in high-prevalence specialty settings, and did not construct outcomes tables. CONCLUSIONS: Additional research is needed to understand effects of screening compared with no screening on health outcomes, and to confirm benefits of treatment under conditions likely to be encountered in most primary care settings.
Author : James Jerger
Publisher : Plural Publishing
ISBN 13 : 163550077X
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (355 download)
Download or read book Binaural Interference: a Guide for Audiologists written by James Jerger and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2018-02-23 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Binaural interference occurs when the speech input to one ear interferes with the input to the other ear during binaural stimulation. The first published study on binaural interference twenty-five years ago demonstrated that some individuals, particularly older individuals, perform more poorly with two hearing aids than with one and/or more poorly with binaural than monaural stimulation on electrophysiologic as well as behavioral measures. Binaural interference is relevant to every audiologist because it impacts the successful use of binaural hearing aids and may explain communicative difficulty in noise or other challenging listening situations in persons with normal-hearing sensitivity as well as persons with hearing loss. This exciting new book written by two highly respected audiologists first traces the history of its study by researchers, then reviews the evidence, both direct and indirect, supporting its reality. This is followed by a discussion of the possible causes of the phenomenon and in-depth analysis of illustrative cases. The authors outline a systematic approach to the clinical detection, evaluation and amelioration of individuals who exhibit binaural interference. Suggestions are furnished on improved techniques for evaluation of the binaural advantage in general and on sensitized detection of the disorder in particular. The book ends with recommendations for future directions. Given the adverse impact of binaural interference on auditory function and its occurrence in a significant subset of the population with hearing loss, as well as in some individuals with normal-hearing sensitivity, research on binaural interference only recently has begun to flourish, and adaptation of audiologic clinical practice to identify, assess, and manage individuals with binaural interference has yet to become widespread. The authors intend for the book to provide impetus for pursuing further research and to encourage audiologists to explore the possibility of binaural interference when patient complaints suggest it and when performing audiologic evaluations. The book is intended for practicing clinical audiologists, audiology students, and hearing scientists.
Author : James F. Maurer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Hearing and Aging written by James F. Maurer and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Karen S. Helfer
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030493679
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Aging and Hearing written by Karen S. Helfer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-20 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first edition of the Aging Auditory System volume (in 2009), there has been a tremendous amount of research in basic, translational, and clinical sciences related to age-related changes in auditory system structure and function. The new research has been driven by technical and conceptual advances in auditory neuroscience at multiple levels ranging from cells to cognition. The chapters in Aging and Hearing: Causes and Consequences span a broad range of topics and appeal to a relatively wide audience. Our goal in this volume is to put together state-of-the-art discussions about new developments in aging research that will appeal to a broad audience, serving as an important update on the current state of research on the aging auditory system. This update includes not only the recent research, but also consideration of how human and animal studies or translational and basic research are working in tandem to advance the field. This new edition is a natural complement to the previous SHAR volume on the aging auditory system edited by Gordon-Salant, Frisina, Popper, and Fay. The target audience for this volume will be graduate students, researchers, and academic faculty from a range of disciplines (psychology, hearing science/audiology, physiology, neuroscience, engineering). It also will appeal to clinical audiologists as well as to researchers working in the hearing device industry. Individuals who attend conferences sponsored by the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, Acoustical Society of America, Auditory Cognitive Neuroscience Society, American Auditory Society, Society for Neuroscience, American Speech, Language and Hearing Association, and the American Academy of Audiology (among others) are likely to find value in the volume.
Author : Adriana Hyams
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (131 download)
Download or read book Hearing Aids and Quality of Life Among Older Adults written by Adriana Hyams and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eighty percent of older adults have hearing loss. Hearing loss is associated with quality of life (i.e., social support, mental health, general health, and physical functioning), but it is unclear if using hearing aids is positively correlated with quality of life. The current study tested three groups, those with: normal hearing, hearing loss with hearing aids, and hearing loss without hearing aids. Hearing thresholds were established with pure-tone audiometry. Total sample size was 100 participants aged 60 and older. It was hypothesized those with normal hearing would have significantly better quality of life than those with hearing aids, who would have significantly better quality of life than those with hearing loss but without hearing aids. Data were analyzed with MANCOVAs and ANOVAs. Differences in quality of life among the three groups approached significance despite platykurtic data that brought power sharply down. After Winsorization, there was a significant difference among the groups; the group without aids had significantly poorer quality of life than the group with normal hearing, which did not significantly differ from the group with hearing aids. MANCOVA significance was largely due to the significant general health variable. These results were found when 54% of the group with aids wore them for less than eight hours a day, and the group without aids only had mild hearing loss. Further, disease-specific measures suggested decreased handicap for the group with aids. These results call for future investigations of people with at least moderate hearing loss and people who wear aids more consistently.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309302293
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Hearing Loss and Healthy Aging written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-07-30 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Being able to communicate is a cornerstone of healthy aging. People need to make themselves understood and to understand others to remain cognitively and socially engaged with families, friends, and other individuals. When they are unable to communicate, people with hearing impairments can become socially isolated, and social isolation can be an important driver of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Despite the critical importance of communication, many older adults have hearing loss that interferes with their social interactions and enjoyment of life. People may turn up the volume on their televisions or stereos, miss words in a conversation, go to fewer public places where it is difficult to hear, or worry about missing an alarm or notification. In other cases, hearing loss is much more severe, and people may retreat into a hard-to-reach shell. Yet fewer than one in seven older Americans with hearing loss use hearing aids, despite rapidly advancing technologies and innovative approaches to hearing health care. In addition, there may not be an adequate number of professionals trained to address the growing need for hearing health care for older adults. Further, Medicare does not cover routine hearing exams, hearing aids, or exams for fitting hearing aids, which can be prohibitively expensive for many older adults. Hearing Loss and Healthy Aging is the summary of a workshop convened by the Forum on Aging, Disability, and Independence in January 2014 on age-related hearing loss. Researchers, advocates, policy makers, entrepreneurs, regulators, and others discussed this pressing social and public health issue. This report examines the ways in which age-related hearing loss affects healthy aging, and how the spectrum of public and private stakeholders can work together to address hearing loss in older adults as a public health issue.
Author : Alberto Pilotto
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319625039
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)
Download or read book Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment written by Alberto Pilotto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-29 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an up-to-date review on the principles and practice of multidimensional assessment and management of the older individual, which represents the cornerstone of modern clinical practice in the elderly. The early chapters cover the main elements and scope of the comprehensive geriatric approach and explain the pathways of care from screening and case finding through to in-depth assessment and treatment planning. Subsequent chapters review the evidence of how best to apply the multidimensional assessment and management approach in defined healthcare settings and within specific clinical areas, such as cancer and surgery. Finally, the education and training challenges are reviewed and the prospects for future clinical service and research in this important field are examined. The book is very timely given the recent advances in application of this approach, which reflect the growing international realization that older people are “core business” in many clinical areas where the role of specialist geriatric medicine has hitherto been limited. Accordingly, the book will be relevant to a wide range of clinicians. The authorship comprises many of the best known and widely published experts in their respective fields.
Author : Cynthia Feltner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (127 download)
Download or read book Screening for Hearing Loss in Older Adults written by Cynthia Feltner and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PURPOSE: To systematically review the evidence on (1) benefits and harms of screening for hearing loss in adults age 50 years or older, (2) accuracy of screening tools, and (3) benefits and harms of interventions for hearing loss that was screen detected or recently diagnosed for populations and settings relevant to primary care in the United States. DATA SOURCES: PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and trial registries through January 17, 2020; reference lists of retrieved articles; outside experts; and reviewers, with surveillance of the literature through November 20, 2020. STUDY SELECTION: English-language controlled trials for hearing loss screening or evaluating interventions for screen-detected or newly detected hearing loss and studies of screening test accuracy. DATA EXTRACTION: One investigator extracted data and a second checked accuracy. Two reviewers independently rated quality for all included studies using predefined criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS: One randomized, controlled trial (RCT) enrolling veterans (2,305 participants) found that screening for hearing loss was not associated with improvements in hearing-related function at 1 year, although screening was associated with increased hearing aid use. Thirty-four studies (reported in 35 articles) evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests, a single question, a questionnaire, a handheld audiometric device, or a mobile-based audiometric application for identifying hearing loss in older adults. For detecting mild hearing loss (>20 to 25 dB), single-question screening had a pooled sensitivity of 66 percent (95% confidence interval [CI], 58% to 73%) and a pooled specificity of 76 percent (95% CI, 68% to 83%) (10 studies, 12,637 participants); for detecting moderate hearing loss (>35 to 40 dB), the pooled sensitivity was 80 percent (95% CI, 68% to 88%) and the pooled specificity was 74 percent (95% CI, 59% to 85%) (6 studies, 8,774 participants). Too few studies reported sufficient data to pool accuracy of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly-Screening (HHIE-S) for detecting mild hearing loss (>25); across four studies (7,194 participants), sensitivity of HHIE-S ranged from 34 to 58 percent, and specificity ranged from 76 to 95 percent. For detecting moderate hearing loss (>40 dB), the pooled sensitivity of HHIE-S was 68 percent (95% CI, 52% to 81%), and the pooled specificity was 79 percent (95% CI, 69% to 86%) (5 studies; 2,820 participants). In four studies (411 participants) assessing the AudioScope for detecting moderate hearing loss (>40 dB), sensitivities were high (range: 94% to 100%) and specificity varied widely (range: 24% to 80%). Other screening questionnaires, clinical tests (e.g., watch tick, whispered voice), and technology were assessed by few studies each, and results were often inconsistent and imprecise. Six trials (853 participants) evaluated benefits of amplification compared with no amplification among populations with screen-detected or recently detected, untreated age-related hearing loss over 6 weeks to 4 months. Five trials reported on the HHIE (838 participants), a self-report tool designed to measure perceived effects of hearing loss in older adults; four (758 participants) found statistically significant benefit in favor of hearing aids. Three of the four trials that found statistically significant benefit enrolled veterans and reported differences in HHIE scores that were greater than the minimal important difference of 18.7. One RCT (154 participants) enrolling community volunteers found statistically significant benefit on the HHIE in favor of two different hearing aids vs. a placebo device; however, differences between groups did not meet the level considered to be clinically meaningful. Four studies reported on general quality of life or function; few studies reported on the same measure. One RCT (194 participants) enrolling veterans with screen-detected hearing loss found significant benefit in favor of the intervention on the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (difference between groups in change from baseline: −0.28 points [95% CI, 0.08 to 0.48]; p=0.008) and Geriatric Depression Scale (difference between groups in change from baseline: −0.80 points [95% CI, 0.09 to 1.51]; p=0.03) in addition to the HHIE. No studies of interventions reported on harms. LIMITATIONS: The one trial of screening was not designed to measure hearing-related function. There has been little reproducibility in testing specific screening tests in primary care populations; most studies of screening test accuracy enroll populations from audiology or other high-prevalence settings. Trials showing clinically meaningful benefit in hearing-related function among groups receiving hearing aids vs. controls all enrolled veterans with a relatively high prevalence of hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: Several screening tests can adequately detect hearing loss in adults age 50 years or older. One trial of screening that enrolled veterans with a relatively high prevalence of self-perceived hearing loss did not find a benefit for hearing-related function. No controlled studies reported on the harms of screening or treatment among adults with screen-detected or newly detected hearing loss. Evidence showing benefit for hearing-related function associated with hearing aids among adults with screen-detected or newly detected hearing loss is limited to studies enrolling veterans with a high prevalence of hearing loss.
Author : Norman P. Erber
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Auditory Training written by Norman P. Erber and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Department of Health and Human Services
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781496001597
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Occupational Noise Exposure written by Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-02-19 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, Congress declared that its purpose was to assure, so far as possible, safe and healthful working conditions for every working man and woman and to preserve our human resources. In this Act, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is charged with recommending occupational safety and health standards and describing exposure concentrations that are safe for various periods of employment-including but not limited to concentrations at which no worker will suffer diminished health, functional capacity, or life expectancy as a result of his or her work experience. By means of criteria documents, NIOSH communicates these recommended standards to regulatory agencies (including the Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA]) and to others in the occupational safety and health community. Criteria documents provide the scientific basis for new occupational safety and health standards. These documents generally contain a critical review of the scientific and technical information available on the prevalence of hazards, the existence of safety and health risks, and the adequacy of control methods. In addition to transmitting these documents to the Department of Labor, NIOSH also distributes them to health professionals in academic institutions, industry, organized labor, public interest groups, and other government agencies. In 1972, NIOSH published Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Noise, which provided the basis for a recommended standard to reduce the risk of developing permanent hearing loss as a result of occupational noise exposure [NIOSH 1972]. NIOSH has now evaluated the latest scientific information and has revised some of its previous recommendations. The 1998 recommendations go beyond attempting to conserve hearing by focusing on preventing occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). This criteria document reevaluates and reaffirms the recommended exposure limit (REL) for occupational noise exposure established by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in 1972. The REL is 85 decibels, A-weighted, as an 8-hr time-weighted average (85 dBA as an 8-hr TWA). Exposures at or above this level are hazardous. By incorporating the 4000-Hz audiometric frequency into the definition of hearing impairment in the risk assessment, NIOSH has found an 8% excess risk of developing occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) during a 40-year lifetime exposure at the 85-dBA REL. NIOSH has also found that scientific evidence supports the use of a 3-dB exchange rate for the calculation of TWA exposures to noise. The recommendations in this document go beyond attempts to conserve hearing by focusing on prevention of occupational NIHL. For workers whose noise exposures equal or exceed 85 dBA, NIOSH recommends a hearing loss prevention program (HLPP) that includes exposure assessment, engineering and administrative controls, proper use of hearing protectors, audiometric evaluation, education and motivation, recordkeeping, and program audits and evaluations. Audiometric evaluation is an important component of an HLPP. To provide early identification of workers with increasing hearing loss, NIOSH has revised the criterion for significant threshold shift to an increase of 15 dB in the hearing threshold level (HTL) at 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, or 6000 Hz in either ear, as determined by two consecutive tests. To permit timely intervention and prevent further hearing losses in workers whose HTLs have increased because of occupational noise exposure, NIOSH no longer recommends age correction on individual audiograms.
