Migraine In Adults

Download Migraine In Adults full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Migraine In Adults ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Headache and Migraine Biology and Management

Author : Seymour Diamond
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128011629
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Headache and Migraine Biology and Management by : Seymour Diamond

Download or read book Headache and Migraine Biology and Management written by Seymour Diamond and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-03-13 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are two crucial issues in the treatment and management of headache patients: More than 50% of individuals experiencing headache have only been treated symptomatically, with no appropriate diagnosis established; and history and neurologic examination are essential to establishing a diagnosis, and thus selecting appropriate therapy. Headache and Migraine Biology and Management is a practical text that addresses these issues, featuring contributions from expert clinical authors. The book covers in detail topics including chronic and episodic migraine, post-traumatic headache, sinus headache, cluster headache, tension headache, and others. Chapters are also dedicated to treatment subjects, including psychiatric and psychological approaches, medication overuse, inpatient treatment, and pediatric issues. This book is an ideal resource for researchers and clinicians, uniting practical discussion of headache biology, current ideas on etiology, future research, and genetic significance and breakthroughs. This resource is useful to those who want to understand headache biology, treat and manage symptoms, and for those performing research in the headache field. A practical discussion of headache biology, current ideas on etiology, future research, and genetic significance and breakthroughs Features chapters from leading physicians and researchers in headache medicine Full-color text that includes both an overview of multiple disciplines and discusses the measures that can be used to treat headaches

Case Studies in Pain Management

Author : Alan David Kaye
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107682894
Total Pages : 547 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (76 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Case Studies in Pain Management by : Alan David Kaye

Download or read book Case Studies in Pain Management written by Alan David Kaye and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by internationally recognized pain experts, this book offers 73 clinically relevant cases, accompanied by discussion in a question-and-answer format.

Magnesium in the Central Nervous System

Author : Robert Vink
Publisher : University of Adelaide Press
ISBN 13 : 0987073052
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (87 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Magnesium in the Central Nervous System by : Robert Vink

Download or read book Magnesium in the Central Nervous System written by Robert Vink and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.

ABC of Headache

Author : Anne MacGregor
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118682009
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis ABC of Headache by : Anne MacGregor

Download or read book ABC of Headache written by Anne MacGregor and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-20 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its different presentations, headache is one of the most commonsymptoms seen by family practitioners. The difficulty is indiagnosing the cause of the headache so that the appropriatetreatment is provided, or if referral to a specialist is therecommended course of action. The ABC of Headache helps with this dilemma and guidesthe healthcare professional to look for the possible causes ofpresenting symptoms. Based on real case histories, each chapterguides the reader from symptoms through to diagnosis andmanagement. This new ABC is a highly illustrated, informative, andpractical source of knowledge. With links to further informationand resources, it is a valuable text for healthcare professionalsat all levels of practice and training.

15 Natural Remedies for Migraine Headaches

Author : Jay S. Cohen
Publisher : Square One Publishers, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 0757053580
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (57 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis 15 Natural Remedies for Migraine Headaches by : Jay S. Cohen

Download or read book 15 Natural Remedies for Migraine Headaches written by Jay S. Cohen and published by Square One Publishers, Inc.. This book was released on 2012-08-21 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few years, several powerful and expensive migraine drugs have become available through prescription. Unfortunately, although many work, most have side effects that can cause individuals to stop treatment. For anyone who has yet to find relief from migraine attacks, best-selling author Dr. Jay Cohen—one of the country's leading authorities on the dangers of prescription drugs—offers a concise and practical guide to alternative treatments that are just as effective as their conventional counterparts, but are naturally safe. The book begins by explaining what migraines are. It then examines some of today's more popular migraine drugs, exploring both their effectiveness and their side effects. The remainder of the book provides a comprehensive listing of the most valuable natural migraine products available. Each entry includes an easy-to-understand explanation of what the product is, how it works, and what the recommended dosage is. When necessary, the author shares additonal cautions and considerations. The remedy that works for one person may not work for another. This book provides a range of safe treatments so that—without suffering harmful reactions—you can find the solution that will resolve your migraine pain once and for all.

Migraine

Author : Shalini Shah
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030752399
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Migraine by : Shalini Shah

Download or read book Migraine written by Shalini Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-16 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers proper migraine diagnostic tools and treatment options. It addresses the complex nature of treating this pain condition and underscores the intricacies of diagnosis and management. Succinct yet thorough, the book opens with information on migraine diagnosis, symptomology, and pathophysiology. Subsequent chapters examine various current and emerging evidence-based treatment options including immune modulation, stem cell regenerative therapy, and new potential applications of therapeutics for use in pediatric migraine. Following this, the chapters discuss the processes of neuro-modulation, dietary modifications, and surgical treatment for chronic migraine disorders. The book concludes with a handy set of reference guides of commonly prescribed drugs and doses. Written by experts in the field, Migraine provides the headache or pain practitioner with a comprehensive yet quick reference that fills a current gap in the literature for treating migraines and emerging therapeutic options.

An Introduction to Clinical Emergency Medicine

Author : S. V. Mahadevan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521747767
Total Pages : 911 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (217 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis An Introduction to Clinical Emergency Medicine by : S. V. Mahadevan

Download or read book An Introduction to Clinical Emergency Medicine written by S. V. Mahadevan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-10 with total page 911 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully-updated edition of this award-winning textbook, arranged by presenting complaints with full-color images throughout. For students, residents, and emergency physicians.

Drug-Induced Headache

Author : Hans-Christoph Diener
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642733271
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Drug-Induced Headache by : Hans-Christoph Diener

Download or read book Drug-Induced Headache written by Hans-Christoph Diener and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: M. WILKINSON Patients with frequent or daily headaches pose a very difficult problem for the physician who has to treat them, particularly as many patients think that there should be a medicine or medicines which give them instant relief. In the search for the compound which would meet this very natural desire, many drugs have been manufactured and the temptation for the physician is either to increase the dose of a drug which seems to be, at any rate, partially effective, or to add one or more drugs to those which the patient is already taking. Although there have been some references to the dangers of overdosage of drugs for migraine in the past, it was not until relatively recently that it was recognized that drugs given for the relief of headache, if taken injudiciously, may themselves cause headache. The first drugs to be implicated in this way were ergotamine and phenazone. In the case of ergotamine tartrate, the dangers of ergotism were well known as this was a disorder which had been known and written about for many years. In the treatment of headache, fully blown ergotism is rare and in recent years has usually been due to self-medication in doses much greater than those prescribed although there are a few recorded cases where toxic amounts have been given.

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide

Author : Hubert Vaudry
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402073069
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (73 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide by : Hubert Vaudry

Download or read book Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide written by Hubert Vaudry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide is the first volume to be written on the neuropeptide PACAP. It covers all domains of PACAP from molecular and cellular aspects to physiological activities and promises for new therapeutic strategies. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide is the twentieth volume published in the Endocrine Updates book series under the Series Editorship of Shlomo Melmed, MD.

Prehospital Care of Neurologic Emergencies

Author : Todd Crocco
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139993607
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (399 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Prehospital Care of Neurologic Emergencies by : Todd Crocco

Download or read book Prehospital Care of Neurologic Emergencies written by Todd Crocco and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-24 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prehospital Care of Neurologic Emergencies is a reliable and definitive resource for emergency medical services personnel at multiple levels: physicians, paramedics, nurses and others who encounter these critically ill patients. This focused and succinct book addresses the management of a wide range of neurologic emergencies, including traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, strokes, and seizures. In these emergencies time is critical, and the simply presented, straightforward format of the patient care and management recommendations help readers to treat patients rapidly and confidently. Each chapter follows a standard format that includes an overview of each neurologic emergency, important background, key challenges, and areas requiring future investigation. This book is unlikely to be placed on your bookshelf; instead, you will keep it nearby for times when you face life-threatening neurologic emergencies. When seconds count, this book has the answers.

Migraine

Author : Sharron Murray
Publisher : Mango Media
ISBN 13 : 1609258274
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Migraine by : Sharron Murray

Download or read book Migraine written by Sharron Murray and published by Mango Media. This book was released on 2013-06-01 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A nurse’s guide to stopping—or shortening—these painful headaches through powerful drug-free techniques. Migraine disease affects over thirty million people in the U.S. alone. Sharron Murray, a nurse and former college professor, shows readers how to develop their own wellness plan and regain control of their lives. Migraine explains how to: Identify headache types and triggersBreak the cycle of medication dependenceCreate a self-care plan that combines Eastern therapies (yoga, meditation, biofeedback, and reflexology) with conventional Western medical approaches (physical therapy, chiropractic) to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks and achieve wellness Murray, a sufferer herself, explains the cause of the disease, where it comes from, and the difference between primary and secondary headache types, along with the impact of injuries and diseases that may occur alongside migraine disease. She looks closely at both Eastern and Western medicine to help readers understand their unique headache patterns and minimize, or abort, migraine attacks. In addition, tables and charts provide at-a-glance reference points.

Migraine Surgery

Author : Bahman Guyuron
Publisher : Thieme
ISBN 13 : 1626237727
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (262 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Migraine Surgery by : Bahman Guyuron

Download or read book Migraine Surgery written by Bahman Guyuron and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2018-04-13 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive guide on migraine surgery from the world's leading authority An estimated 11.7% of the U.S. population or nearly 38 million adults and children suffer from migraine headaches. A severe and highly debilitating type of headache, migraine is the third most common and eighth most disabling disease in the world. People who suffer from migraines often experience neurological symptoms such as nausea and visual disturbances. Despite optimal preventive and abortive pharmacologic treatment, as many as one-third of migraine patients experience refractory headaches and persistent symptoms. Migraine Surgery by world-renowned plastic surgeon Bahman Guyuron reflects significant knowledge gleaned from 17 years of migraine research, pioneering development of nerve decompression surgery, and 2,500 migraine surgery procedures. With contributions from top neurologists and plastic surgeons, this state-of-the-art book is the only one on the market dedicated to the surgical treatment of migraines. The book begins with a brief history of migraines, followed by a concise overview covering clinical presentation, imaging, abortive, and preventive treatments such as over-the-counter and prescription medications, neurotoxin injections, peripheral nerve blocks, and neuromodulation. Key Highlights Discussion of migraine trigger points including impacted anatomy, detection methods, and trigger point deactivation surgery Surgical treatment of frontal, temporal, rhinogenic, occipital, auriculotemporal, lesser occipital, and nummular migraines including postoperative care and complications Superb illustrations provide visual insights on compressions points, trigger sites, nerves, and the surgical treatment of headaches Extensive high-quality videos posted in the Thieme Media Center delineate life-altering surgical approaches This one-of-a-kind book is the ultimate guide to headache surgery and a must have for resident and veteran plastic surgeons alike. Neurologists and neurosurgeons will also benefit from reading this succinct yet masterful resource.

Societal Impact of Headache

Author : Timothy J. Steiner
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030247287
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Societal Impact of Headache by : Timothy J. Steiner

Download or read book Societal Impact of Headache written by Timothy J. Steiner and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-06 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes the impact of headache disorders on public health, and their adverse consequences for society. It opens with an overview of relevant headache disorders before describing, qualitatively, how the burdens attributable to these disorders fall upon adults, adolescents and children. In the second section, beginning with a methodological introduction discussing the principles and potential pitfalls of epidemiological studies assessing prevalence, headache-attributed burden and functional impact, the burdens of headache including financial cost are examined quantitatively and in detail. The third section critically reviews society’s response, its inadequacies and the scope for improvement. Topics here include the political failure to recognize the public ill-health and cost that are the consequences of inadequate headache care; the role of the WHO in addressing the problem; headache service organization, delivery and quality; and the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions. The book closes by considering the way forward. This volume contains important messages for primary care and is likely to be of even greater interest to headache specialists and those concerned with public health and health policy.

Neurobiological Basis of Migraine

Author : Turgay Dalkara
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118967194
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Neurobiological Basis of Migraine by : Turgay Dalkara

Download or read book Neurobiological Basis of Migraine written by Turgay Dalkara and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-08-07 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published with the New York Academy of Sciences A timely, broad-ranging exploration of the neurobiological basis and molecular mechanisms of migraines Migraines impact the lives of a significant portion of the world's population, afflicting sufferers with severe pain, nausea, and often visual impairment. The WHO views migraines as an important public health issue, and ranks them in its top twenty most disabling illnesses. Neurobiological Basis of Migraine reviews the latest advances made in our understanding of the primary basic mechanisms of migraine headache and provides valuable insights into how these findings are being translated into novel treatment and prevention strategies around the world. Written for researchers and clinicians alike, the book features edited contributions from distinguished experts in the field, taking a focused, yet wide-ranging approach to the subject. It begins by exploring the pathways and networks mediating migraine headaches, their underlying physiological mechanisms, characteristics of visceral pain, and the concept of dural neurogenic inflammation. From there the authors delve into the mechanisms sustaining the head pain and photophobia associated with migraines, and they review the pharmacology of newly discovered migraine treatments. These basic chapters are followed by clinical and genetic studies linking to key issues, including cortical spreading depression, ion channels, transporters, and epilepsy. Reviews of the latest advances in our understanding of the neurobiological basis of migraine Translates important research findings from around the globe into novel treatments strategies currently being investigated Provides researchers and clinicians with a deep understanding of the primary mechanisms of migraine from migraine modeling to clinical applications Includes contributions by many of the most respected researchers in the field, world-wide Discusses exciting recent developments in migraine mutations and their role in CSD, as well as the role of CSD in aura and trigeminal activation Timely, comprehensive, and authoritative, Neurobiological Basis of Migraine is an indispensable working resource for clinicians and migraine, headache, and pain researchers, including neurobiologists, neuropharmacologists, neurologists, and vascular neurobiologists, as well as graduate students in those fields who are involved in researching migraine headaches.

On Megrim, Sick-headache, and Some Allied Disorders

Author : Edward Liveing
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 618 pages
Book Rating : 4.R/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis On Megrim, Sick-headache, and Some Allied Disorders by : Edward Liveing

Download or read book On Megrim, Sick-headache, and Some Allied Disorders written by Edward Liveing and published by . This book was released on 1873 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Outpatient Medicine

Author : Elana Sydney
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031153537
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (311 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Outpatient Medicine by : Elana Sydney

Download or read book Handbook of Outpatient Medicine written by Elana Sydney and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The practice of outpatient medicine in the 21st century has become fast-paced and challenging. The busy practitioner learns to make accurate decisions regarding diagnoses and treatments, individualizing them based on the patients’ particular characteristics and desires. Patients typically present with more than one issue, spanning from wanting information about a vaccine to having symptoms of an acute and serious infectious disease, while also needing care of their chronic conditions. In order to function in a timely manner, the provider needs a reliable resource to aid in making efficient decisions. This text is designed to fulfill this purpose. Now fully revised and expanded, Handbook of Outpatient Medicine, 2e provides a quick, portable, algorithm-based guide to diagnosis and management of common problems seen in adult patients. Written by experienced primary care practitioners, this text emphasizes efficient decision-making necessary in the fast-paced realm of the medical office. It covers general considerations such as the physical examination, care of special populations, and pain management and palliative care. It also focuses on common symptoms and disorders by system, including endocrine, respiratory, cardiac, orthopedic, neurologic, genitourinary, and gynecologic. For each disorder, symptoms, red flags, algorithms for differential diagnosis, related symptoms and findings, laboratory workup, treatment guidelines, and clinical pearls are discussed. One of the major updates in this edition is a chapter dedicated to COVID-19. This chapter focuses on COVID-19 diagnosis, care and sequelae, including what to do after discharge from the hospital. Since the global pandemic has affected medicine as a whole, many of the chapters also discuss COVID-19 as a differential diagnosis. Newer and higher quality photos have also been added in several chapters to help illustrate techniques more efficiently, including new imaging modalities for chest pain.

Migraine in Adults

Author : U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781491058664
Total Pages : 720 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (586 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Migraine in Adults by : U. S. Department of Health and Human Services

Download or read book Migraine in Adults written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the International Classification of Headache Disorder, migraine is a common disabling primary headache disorder manifesting in attacks lasting 4 to 72 hours. Migraine headaches range from moderate to very severe and are sometimes debilitating. Episodic migraine affects 17 % of women and 6 % of men. Migraine frequency is divided into episodic and chronic. Episodic migraine is characterized by less than 15 migraine days and chronic migraine by 15 or more headache days per month. Sometimes migraine may be described as chronic simply because the attacks recur over long periods of time. Chronic migraine affects 1.4 to 2.2 % of adults. All migraine types significantly affect the physical, psychological, and social well-being of patients, and can impose serious lifestyle restrictions. Each year lost work time and diminished productivity from migraine costs American employers $225.8 billion. Forty percent of adults with episodic migraine and all patients with chronic migraine might benefit from preventive medication; yet, only about 12 % of adults with frequent migraines take preventive medication. Preventive treatments aim to eliminate headache pain without intolerable harms. Often, however, some degree of pain persists; therefore, treatment success is usually defined by a decrease in migraine frequency of 50 % or greater. Preventive treatments are also expected to reduce use of acute drugs and improve quality of life. Treatment safety is defined by the total rates of adverse effects and adverse effects that lead to treatment discontinuation. Drug choices in clinical practice are based on many drug-related factors such as familiarity, efficacy, and adverse effects, as well as many patient characteristics such as headache frequency, presence of aura, comorbid conditions, and patient preference. Our review focuses on the comparative effectiveness and safety of the drugs for preventing migraine attacks in adults; our results can help inform treatment and policy recommendations. By the nature of the question, our review focuses on outpatient care. Key questions addressed include: KQ1: What are the efficacy and comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic treatments for preventing migraine attacks in adults? a. How do preventive pharmacologic treatments affect patient-centered and intermediate outcomes when compared with placebo or no active treatment? b. How do preventive pharmacologic treatments affect patient-centered and intermediate outcomes when compared with active pharmacologic treatments? c. How do preventive pharmacologic treatments affect patient-centered and intermediate outcomes when compared with active nonpharmacologic treatments? d. How do preventive pharmacologic treatments combined with nondrug treatments affect patient-centered and intermediate outcomes when compared with pharmacologic treatments alone? e. How might dosing regimens or duration of treatments influence the effects of the treatments on patient-centered outcomes? How might approaches to drug management (such as patient-care teams, integrated care, coordinated care, patient education, drug surveillance, or interactive drug monitoring) influence results? KQ2: What are the comparative harms from pharmacologic treatments for preventing migraine attacks in adults? a. What are the harms from preventive pharmacologic treatments when compared with placebo or no active treatment? b. What are the harms from preventive pharmacologic treatments when compared with active pharmacologic treatments? c. How might approaches to drug management (such as patient-care teams, integrated care, coordinated care, patient education, drug surveillance, or interactive drug monitoring) influence results? KQ3: Which patient characteristics predict the effectiveness and safety of pharmacologic treatments for preventing migraine attacks in adults?