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Mid Atlantic Offshore Wind Interconnection And Transmission Maowit
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Book Synopsis Mid-Atlantic Offshore Wind Interconnection and Transmission (MAOWIT). by :
Download or read book Mid-Atlantic Offshore Wind Interconnection and Transmission (MAOWIT). written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project has carried out a detailed analysis to evaluate the pros and cons of offshore transmission, a possible method to decrease balance-of-system costs and permitting time identified in the DOE Office Wind Strategic Plan (DOE, 2011). It also addresses questions regarding the adequacy of existing transmission infrastructure and the ability of existing generating resources to provide the necessary Ancillary Services (A/S) support (spinning and contingency reserves) in the ISO territory. This project has completed the tasks identified in the proposal: 1. Evaluation of the offshore wind resource off PJM, then examination of offshore wind penetrations consistent with U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) targets and with their assumed resource size (DOE, 2011). 2. Comparison of piecemeal radial connections to the Independent System Operator (ISO) with connections via a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) offshore network similar to a team partner. 3. High-resolution examination of power fluctuations at each node due to wind energy variability 4. Analysis of wind power production profiles over the Eastern offshore region of the regional ISO to assess the effectiveness of long-distance, North- South transmission for leveling offshore wind energy output 5. Analysis of how the third and fourth items affect the need for ISO grid upgrades, congestion management, and demand for Ancillary Services (A/S) 6. Analysis of actual historic 36-hr and 24-hr forecasts to solve the unit commitment problem and determine the optimal mix of generators given the need to respond to both wind variability and wind forecasting uncertainties.
Book Synopsis Atlantic Offshore Wind Transmission Literature Review and Gaps Analysis by :
Download or read book Atlantic Offshore Wind Transmission Literature Review and Gaps Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Department of the Interior, and U.S. Department of Commerce recently announced a shared goal to deploy 30 gigawatts (GW) of offshore wind energy in the United States by 2030. Achieving this target will also unlock a pathway to 110 GW by 2050. One of the central challenges with meeting these targets is transmission constraints, including both land-based interconnections and transmission and offshore transmission, for both near- and long-term offshore wind energy deployment. Given offshore wind development, state goals (see Appendix A), mature technology for fixed-bottom offshore wind, and proximity to existing transmission infrastructure, most of the 30 GW of offshore wind energy by 2030 will be developed along the Atlantic Seaboard. Increased development along the Atlantic Coast will likely require additional Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) lease areas farther from shore and advanced transmission technologies (e.g., high-voltage direct current [HVDC]). Nine eastern governors recently voiced their prioritization of offshore wind energy development including adequate transmission capacity. Reaching 110 GW or more of offshore wind by 2050 will likely involve development in the Atlantic, Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Great Lakes. Despite unique differences, improving understanding of offshore wind transmission options, establishing coordination and aligning processes among states and regions, and quantifying the long-term impacts of offshore wind transmission options will catalyze offshore wind energy's growth not only in the Atlantic by 2030 but also nationally by 2050. To reach offshore wind development goals, this document reviews current publicly available transmission analysis along the Atlantic Coast and analysis gaps.
Book Synopsis Offshore Wind Energy Generation by : Olimpo Anaya-Lara
Download or read book Offshore Wind Energy Generation written by Olimpo Anaya-Lara and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The offshore wind sector’s trend towards larger turbines, bigger wind farm projects and greater distance to shore has a critical impact on grid connection requirements for offshore wind power plants. This important reference sets out the fundamentals and latest innovations in electrical systems and control strategies deployed in offshore electricity grids for wind power integration. Includes: All current and emerging technologies for offshore wind integration and trends in energy storage systems, fault limiters, superconducting cables and gas-insulated transformers Protection of offshore wind farms illustrating numerous system integration and protection challenges through case studies Modelling of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) and full-converter wind turbines structures together with an explanation of the smart grid concept in the context of wind farms Comprehensive material on power electronic equipment employed in wind turbines with emphasis on enabling technologies (HVDC, STATCOM) to facilitate the connection and compensation of large-scale onshore and offshore wind farms Worked examples and case studies to help understand the dynamic interaction between HVDC links and offshore wind generation Concise description of the voltage source converter topologies, control and operation for offshore wind farm applications Companion website containing simulation models of the cases discussed throughout Equipping electrical engineers for the engineering challenges in utility-scale offshore wind farms, this is an essential resource for power system and connection code designers and pratitioners dealing with integation of wind generation and the modelling and control of wind turbines. It will also provide high-level support to academic researchers and advanced students in power and renewable energy as well as technical and research staff in transmission and distribution system operators and in wind turbine and electrical equipment manufacturers.
Book Synopsis Grid Integration of Wind Energy by : Siegfried Heier
Download or read book Grid Integration of Wind Energy written by Siegfried Heier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This popular reference describes the integration of wind-generated power into electrical power systems and, with the use of advanced control systems, illustrates how wind farms can be made to operate like conventional power plants. Fully revised, the third edition provides up-to-date coverage on new generator developments for wind turbines, recent technical developments in electrical power conversion systems, control design and essential operating conditions. With expanded coverage of offshore technologies, this edition looks at the characteristics and static and dynamic behaviour of offshore wind farms and their connection to the mainland grid. Brand new material includes: comprehensive treatment of onshore and offshore grid integration updated legislative guidelines for the design, construction and installation of wind power plants the fundamental characteristics and theoretical tools of electrical and mechanical components and their interactions new and future types of generators, converters, power electronics and controller designs improved use of grid capacities and grid support for fixed- and variable-speed controlled wind power plants options for grid control and power reserve provision in wind power plants and wind farms This resource is an excellent guide for researchers and practitioners involved in the planning, installation and grid integration of wind turbines and power plants. It is also highly beneficial to university students studying wind power technology, renewable energy and power systems, and to practitioners in wind engineering, turbine design and manufacture and electrical power engineering.
Book Synopsis Analytical Tools for Transmission Planning Studies for Offshore Wind Farm Integration by : Amirhossein Sajadi
Download or read book Analytical Tools for Transmission Planning Studies for Offshore Wind Farm Integration written by Amirhossein Sajadi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The wind energy has been known for a very long time. Historians estimate its age as over 3000 years old. The first written evidence indicates that windmills are heritage and history of Persia. Electrical energy from offshore wind is a relatively new source of electrical energy in contrast with conventional hydro and fossil fuel-based generation. Over the last decade, the installed capacity of wind farms has grown significantly across the globe. Regardless of technology used in the wind farm, injecting a significant amount of power into an existing power system has a huge impact on its control, stability, and resiliency. In particular, injection of the power into the transmission system concerns transfer capability, line congestion, reactive power support and synchronism in the grid. In addition, the uncertain and variable nature of wind power introduces more complexity in frequency control, unit commitment, market operation and protection. This research has developed a comprehensive methodology to identify transmission system upgrades that are needed to accommodate offshore wind projects. It also develops a series of techniques to determine operational impacts of offshore wind generation on reliability and resiliency under the steady state and dynamic operations of large-scale power systems including:Steady State Stability related issues in the system including voltage regulation and reactive power availability in the area as well as power transfer capability of the transmission system. Small Signal Stability related issues in the system as a result of variability of the offshore wind power including frequency stability by using frequency response and voltage stability by using frequency domain analysis to identify the dominant voltage modes. Large Signal Stability related issues in the system as a result of operation of variable offshore wind power including rotor angle stability, frequency stability, voltage stability for long term and short term faults. This study used a simulation model of the US Eastern Interconnection as the test system and focused on the integration of a 1000MW offshore wind farm operating in Lake Erie into FirstEnergy/PJM service territory as a case study. The findings of this research provide recommendations on offshore wind integration scenarios, the locations of points of interconnection, wind profile modeling and simulation, and computational methods to quantify performance, along with operating changes and equipment upgrades needed to mitigate system performance issues introduced by an offshore wind project.
Book Synopsis National Offshore Wind Energy Grid Interconnection Study by :
Download or read book National Offshore Wind Energy Grid Interconnection Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Offshore Wind Energy Grid Interconnection Study (NOWEGIS) considers the availability and potential impacts of interconnecting large amounts of offshore wind energy into the transmission system of the lower 48 contiguous United States. A total of 54GW of offshore wind was assumed to be the target for the analyses conducted. A variety of issues are considered including: the anticipated staging of offshore wind; the offshore wind resource availability; offshore wind energy power production profiles; offshore wind variability; present and potential technologies for collection and delivery of offshore wind energy to the onshore grid; potential impacts to existing utility systems most likely to receive large amounts of offshore wind; and regulatory influences on offshore wind development. The technologies considered the reliability of various high-voltage ac (HVAC) and high-voltage dc (HVDC) technology options and configurations. The utility system impacts of GW-scale integration of offshore wind are considered from an operational steady-state perspective and from a regional and national production cost perspective.
Book Synopsis National Offshore Wind Energy Grid Interconnection Study Full Report by :
Download or read book National Offshore Wind Energy Grid Interconnection Study Full Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Offshore Wind Energy Grid Interconnection Study (NOWEGIS) considers the availability and potential impacts of interconnecting large amounts of offshore wind energy into the transmission system of the lower 48 contiguous United States.
Book Synopsis National Offshore Wind Energy Grid Interconnection Study Executive Summary by :
Download or read book National Offshore Wind Energy Grid Interconnection Study Executive Summary written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Offshore Wind Energy Grid Interconnection Study (NOWEGIS) considers the availability and potential impacts of interconnecting large amounts of offshore wind energy into the transmission system of the lower 48 contiguous United States.
Book Synopsis Energy Transmission and Grid Integration of AC Offshore Wind Farms by :
Download or read book Energy Transmission and Grid Integration of AC Offshore Wind Farms written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mid-Atlantic Wind - Overcoming the Challenges by :
Download or read book Mid-Atlantic Wind - Overcoming the Challenges written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study, supported by the US Department of Energy, Wind Powering America Program, Maryland Department of Natural Resources and Chesapeake Bay Foundation, analyzed barriers to wind energy development in the Mid-Atlantic region along with options for overcoming or mitigating them. The Mid-Atlantic States including Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina and Virginia, have excellent wind energy potential and growing demand for electricity, but only two utility-scale projects have been installed to date. Reasons for this apathetic development of wind resources were analyzed and quantified for four markets. Specific applications are: 1) Appalachian mountain ridgeline sites, 2) on coastal plains and peninsulas, 3) at shallow water sites in Delaware and Chesapeake Bays, Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds, and 4) at deeper water sites off the Atlantic coast. Each market has distinctly different opportunities and barriers. The primary barriers to wind development described in this report can be grouped into four categories; state policy and regulatory issues, wind resource technical uncertainty, economic viability, and public interest in environmental issues. The properties of these typologies are not mutually independent and do interact. The report concluded that there are no insurmountable barriers to land-based wind energy projects and they could be economically viable today. Likewise potential sites in sheltered shallow waters in regional bay and sounds have been largely overlooked but could be viable currently. Offshore ocean-based applications face higher costs and technical and wind resource uncertainties. The ongoing research and development program, revision of state incentive policies, additional wind measurement efforts, transmission system expansion, environmental baseline studies and outreach to private developers and stakeholders are needed to reduce barriers to wind energy development.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Low-Level Jet Formation in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Offshore by :
Download or read book Mechanisms of Low-Level Jet Formation in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Offshore written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low level jets (LLJs) in the atmosphere exhibit a local windspeed maximum inthe boundary layer and are commonly observed both over land and in coastal environments. Because LLJs present strong positive shear beneath the maximum (or "jet nose") and negative shear above the nose, they pose a challenge to future offshore wind technology through their impacts on turbine performance and wakes. Summertime LLJs in the Great Plains have been attributed to frictional decoupling triggering an inertial oscillation, whilecoastal LLJs in California or the North Sea have additional driving mechanisms such as baroclinic forcing. By comparison, LLJs in the coastal US Mid-Atlantic have received less attention, with conflicting evidence about the mechanism that triggers these high shear events. Motivated by future wind energy development in the region, this work elucidates the atmospheric mechanisms of LLJ formation in the US Mid-Atlantic. Using observational data from two floating LiDAR buoys deployed bythe New York State Energy Research and Development Authority in the NY Bight, we identify four sustained LLJ events whose windspeeds and directions are well predicted by a WRF simulation (Weather Research and Forecasting Model). From analysis of the WRF data, we find that the four case studies provide evidence of concurrent inertial oscillation, reduced vertical mixing, and baroclinicity. In addition, we use simple atmospheric dynamics and a single-column-model to compare the relative contribution of each of these mechanisms to triggering the LLJ. By improving understanding and predictability of coastal mid-Atlantic LLJs, this work reduces uncertaintiesof wind energy deployment in the region, aiding the US's transition toward renewable energy.
Book Synopsis Utilizing Geological and Geotechnical Parameters to Constrain Optimal Siting of Mid-Atlantic Bight Offshore Wind Projects by : Alia Ponte
Download or read book Utilizing Geological and Geotechnical Parameters to Constrain Optimal Siting of Mid-Atlantic Bight Offshore Wind Projects written by Alia Ponte and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the offshore wind energy sector expands due to government mandates, a thorough understanding of the geologic setting of potential project sites becomes an essential component in the design process. Geophysical and geotechnical parameters yield vital information on the sediments and/or rocks that are present. The variable distribution of sediments, with concomitant variations in geotechnical properties, has significant implications for the selection (e.g., monopile, suction caisson, gravity base, jacket), design, location, installation, and subsequent scouring in the vicinity of wind turbine foundations. Identifying suitable sites based on sediment types allow for optimized engineering design solutions. Because foundations represent approximately 25% of total offshore wind project expenditures, reducing foundation costs with geologic suitability in mind could significantly decrease required initial investments, thereby expediting project and industry advancement. To illustrate how geological and geotechnical data can be used to inform site selection for foundations, geophysical data were analyzed and interpreted (chirp sub-bottom profiling, side-scan sonar, and multibeam bathymetry) from the Maryland Wind Energy Area (WEA). Side-scan sonar data from the WEA show three distinct acoustic intensities; each is correlated to a general bottom sediment grain size classification (muds, muddy and/or shelly sand, and sand with some gravel). Chirp sub-bottom profiles reveal the continuity and thicknesses of various depositional layers including paleochannel systems. Paleochannels consist of heterogeneous infill; creating undesirable conditions for foundation placement. This “desktop” study provides a suitability model for how the interpretation of geophysical and geotechnical data can be used to provide constraints on, and reduce uncertainties associated with, foundation location and type selection. Results from this study revealed 5 distinct subsurface units. The oldest (Unit 5) originated from Middle Pleistocene during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 5 & 6. The youngest (Unit 1) consists of the modern surficial sand sheet sediments which have been eroded and reworked during recent Holocene transgression. Several distinct paleochannel systems incise the study area. Though data beyond the boundaries of the study area are scarce a southeasterly channel direction along with results from previous studies suggest these systems originated from Maryland coastal bays. An integrated marine spatial planning approach identified the southernmost portions of the study area as the most unsuitable for wind energy development. Conversely, the same analysis determined that the central-eastern section of the WEA is most suitable. Correlating these data with parameters governing foundation selection revealed that piled-type foundations (either lattice or monopile) are most appropriate for the study area, although suction bucket caisson foundations cannot be definitely ruled out as a possible design solution.
Book Synopsis Potential Interaction Analysis of Offshore Wind Energy Areas and Breeding Avian Species on the US Mid-Atlantic Coast by : Jeri Lynn Wisman
Download or read book Potential Interaction Analysis of Offshore Wind Energy Areas and Breeding Avian Species on the US Mid-Atlantic Coast written by Jeri Lynn Wisman and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Metocean Data Management and Modeling to Support U.S. Offshore Wind Power Development in the Mid-Atlantic by :
Download or read book Metocean Data Management and Modeling to Support U.S. Offshore Wind Power Development in the Mid-Atlantic written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efforts to encourage more conservative electricity consumption, through public awareness campaigns and government-mandated energy efficiency standards, have consistently been overshadowed by population increase and increased standards of living, leading to higher electricity demand, year after year. Sufficient resources and technology exist to support the development of a robust offshore wind industry to help meet this rising demand, but a number of barriers unique to the U.S. have hindered progress. Addressing many of these obstacles involves resolving uncertainty issues related to development. Not only is there a general lack of data to provide stakeholders, developers, and governing authorities with sufficient information for informed decision-making for offshore wind projects, but the data that do exist are often fragmented or isolated within a particular project or application. There is an immediate need to improve the reliability of metocean data as it pertains to characterizing the offshore wind resource, and to share that and other related information in a standard format that promotes and encourages interoperability across multiple platforms associated with offshore wind development. The methodology for addressing some of these data challenges began with the evaluation of a proposed improvement to a particular atmospheric modeling system being utilized to provide wind resource data within the "Virginia Offshore Wind Advanced Technology Demonstration Site Development" project. By considering the current limitations associated with SST data acquisition and initial analyses, it was determined that the integration of higher resolution SST data would be valuable only if latency issues in the data were resolved, which would require the development of an SST forecasting mode to be coupled with the operational model. This did not prove justifiable due to the lack of significant improvements in wind speed forecasting capability. Data accessibility issues were then addressed in the development of a web mapping portal designed to dynamically display geo-referenced project results and integrate publicly-available metocean data. By utilizing best practices for data sharing and information dissemination, optimum interoperability was established through smart design and the use of standard web service protocols.
Book Synopsis Potential Economic Impacts from Offshore Wind in the Mid-Atlantic Region (Fact Sheet). by :
Download or read book Potential Economic Impacts from Offshore Wind in the Mid-Atlantic Region (Fact Sheet). written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offshore wind is a clean, renewable source of energy and can be an economic driver in the United States. To better understand the employment opportunities and other potential regional economic impacts from offshore wind development, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) funded research that focuses on four regions of the country. The studies use multiple scenarios with various local job and domestic manufacturing content assumptions. Each regional study uses the new offshore wind Jobs and Economic Development Impacts (JEDI) model, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. This fact sheet summarizes the potential economic impacts for the Mid-Atlantic region.
Book Synopsis Introduction: Energy Transmission and Grid Integration of AC Offshore Wind Farms by : Markel Zubiaga
Download or read book Introduction: Energy Transmission and Grid Integration of AC Offshore Wind Farms written by Markel Zubiaga and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wind Power in Power Systems by : Thomas Ackermann
Download or read book Wind Power in Power Systems written by Thomas Ackermann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 1132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of the highly acclaimed Wind Power in Power Systems has been thoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the latest challenges associated with increasing wind power penetration levels. Since its first release, practical experiences with high wind power penetration levels have significantly increased. This book presents an overview of the lessons learned in integrating wind power into power systems and provides an outlook of the relevant issues and solutions to allow even higher wind power penetration levels. This includes the development of standard wind turbine simulation models. This extensive update has 23 brand new chapters in cutting-edge areas including offshore wind farms and storage options, performance validation and certification for grid codes, and the provision of reactive power and voltage control from wind power plants. Key features: Offers an international perspective on integrating a high penetration of wind power into the power system, from basic network interconnection to industry deregulation; Outlines the methodology and results of European and North American large-scale grid integration studies; Extensive practical experience from wind power and power system experts and transmission systems operators in Germany, Denmark, Spain, UK, Ireland, USA, China and New Zealand; Presents various wind turbine designs from the electrical perspective and models for their simulation, and discusses industry standards and world-wide grid codes, along with power quality issues; Considers concepts to increase penetration of wind power in power systems, from wind turbine, power plant and power system redesign to smart grid and storage solutions. Carefully edited for a highly coherent structure, this work remains an essential reference for power system engineers, transmission and distribution network operator and planner, wind turbine designers, wind project developers and wind energy consultants dealing with the integration of wind power into the distribution or transmission network. Up-to-date and comprehensive, it is also useful for graduate students, researchers, regulation authorities, and policy makers who work in the area of wind power and need to understand the relevant power system integration issues.
